{"id":1335,"date":"2012-11-23T22:02:10","date_gmt":"2012-11-23T15:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=1335"},"modified":"2013-01-09T22:07:13","modified_gmt":"2013-01-09T15:07:13","slug":"ly-thuyet-phai-tinh-o-truong-trung-hoc-mot-giang-day-y-thuc-he","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/ly-thuyet-phai-tinh-o-truong-trung-hoc-mot-giang-day-y-thuc-he\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT PH\u00c1I T\u00cdNH \u1ede TR\u01af\u1edcNG TRUNG H\u1eccC : \u00ab M\u1ed8T GI\u1ea2NG D\u1ea0Y \u00dd TH\u1ee8C H\u1ec6 \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lejeune<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a 2011-2012, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p<\/a>, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lejeune \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00fac di\u1ec5n ra H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995\u00a0: ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Michel Foucault v\u00e0 Jacques Derrida, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh\u00a0: nh\u00e2n danh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, n\u00f3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u00ab\u00a0vai tr\u00f2\u00a0\u00bb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau\u00a0: khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh (t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh) ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh XX hay XY.<\/p>\n

\u2026m\u1ea1o x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o khoa sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o khoa Hachette cho r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u0103n t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (\u2026) \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u00bb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o khoa Bordas, duy ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u00ab\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u00bb, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, \u00f4ng Luc Chatel, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 33.000 ch\u1eef k\u00fd\u00a0: \u00f4ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i gia \u0111\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Luc Chatel \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng b\u00e1n v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o khoa n\u00e0y. Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Christian Vanneste, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Xavier Breton, Marc Le Fur v\u00e0 Jean-Marc Nesme \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab\u00a0gieo d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0\u00bb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Dominique Dord, Jacques Myard, Yannick Favennec hay V\u00e9ronique Besse, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, khi can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft gia Thibaud Collin, \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eadn c\u0103n\u201d. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh: cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft) ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ng\u1eeba thai, ph\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0\u00a0 Tony Anatrella v\u00e0 Jean-Pierre Winter, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u201ctrong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac\u201d m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u0103n t\u00ednh ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o\u201d hay tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cnh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n ly t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i b\u1edfi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn trong \u201ckhu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u2018h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau\u2019\u201d, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n\u201d. Khi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u1edf y\u00ean n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ede T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Zapatero \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/p>\n

Theo ZENIT<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Lejeune Ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a 2011-2012, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,8,48],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-1335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phai-tinh","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","tag-dong-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1337,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1335\/revisions\/1337"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}