{"id":14363,"date":"2021-04-07T07:39:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T00:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=14363"},"modified":"2021-06-18T10:44:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T03:44:39","slug":"cong-ich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/cong-ich\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00d4NG \u00cdCH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dominique Coatan\u00e9a, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a UCO Angers. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1edf Centre S\u00e8vres v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 : Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gaston Fessard<\/em>, s.j., Ed. Lit-Verlag , coll. “\u00c9tudes de th\u00e9ologie et d’\u00e9thique” vol. 10, Zurich , 2016.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00bb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung  t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum novarum<\/em>. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng \u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato si\u2019<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (LS, 156).<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. B\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, trong cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc (1), \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Aristote  v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c, thi\u1ec7n \u00edch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u00f3, thi\u1ec7n \u00edch t\u1ed1i cao hay thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n : s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay chung s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m n\u00eau cao lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0u mang b\u1edfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh : H\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean l\u1ec9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00bb trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Xem qua c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb Rerum novarum<\/em> cho \u0111\u1ebfn Laudato si\u2019<\/em>, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mang l\u1ea1i theo t\u1eebng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

\"\"C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 khai m\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII  trong Rerum novarum<\/em> (n\u0103m 1891) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 marx\u00edt v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Marx coi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 trong c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng : \u00ab Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra<\/em> \u00bb (RN 22). Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u giai c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m n\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung hay thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (2). V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi : nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, qua lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o : m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m hi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u1ecd  t\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u0103m lo cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chung b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i (Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo anno<\/em>, n\u0103m 1931), trong b\u1ed5i c\u1ea3nh bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1929. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 gia t\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch chung n\u00e0y : \u00ab Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quy cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch hay nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 64). S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u : c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, che  ch\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n m\u00e3i trong b\u00e1c \u00e1i. V\u00ec, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 duy c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n (3).<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng bu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mit brennender Sorge<\/em> (n\u0103m 1937), \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf hay coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c , \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u00edch : \u00ab Khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em> \u00bb (MbS, s\u1ed1 37). S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i chi th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u00ab aggiornamento<\/em> \u00bb (c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch loan b\u00e1o m\u1edf C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatian II. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00ab Mater et magistra \u00bb<\/em> (n\u0103m 1961) kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng \u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u00bb (s\u1ed1 65). To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trung gian kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n \u00edch mong \u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (4). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ngang qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n trong c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, hai n\u0103m sau, trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00ab Pacem in terris \u00bb<\/em>, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng qua. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u1edf b\u00ecnh  di\u1ec7n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (5).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia hay v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi khi nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a  c\u00f4ng \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 an ninh trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (Pacem in terris<\/em>, 98-100). C\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (PT, 135) nh\u01b0ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t<\/em> \u00bb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u00ab Gaudium et spes \u00bb<\/em>, n\u0103m 1965. C\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb (6). Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, do b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0, do s\u1ef1 mong manh b\u1ea9m sinh n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf (GS, 25). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u00edch (m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u00ab Mater et magistra<\/em> \u00bb) vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u00bb (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i) : \u00ab C\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n<\/em> \u00bb (GS, 26).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a, trong khi s\u1ef1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 l\u1eabn \u00f3c ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (7). V\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra  trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm  th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n lu\u00f4n m\u00e3i (GS, 26). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng canh t\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/em>. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean l\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gian nan, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa. Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103n th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u00ab m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00bb, m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch n\u00e0y (GS 27 v\u00e0 29), \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi long tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y : \u00ab Mong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m coi t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi<\/em> \u00bb (GS, 30).<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Populorum progressio<\/em> (n\u0103m 1967) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u00bb (s\u1ed1 3) v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00ab to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u00bb (8). T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo rei socialis<\/em> (n\u0103m 1987), \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 : \u00ab \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u00bb li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi. \u00ab T\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 hay c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef m\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n xa ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb (SRS, 38). \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2013 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn (s\u1ed1 36-37) \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u00bb (s\u1ed1 36). Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh chung m\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ra cho h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00ab Ti\u00eau hao ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, theo ngh\u0129a Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, \u00ab \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u00bb v\u00ec tha nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec khai th\u00e1c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00ab ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n \u00bb thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p h\u1ecd v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <\/em>\u00bb (s\u1ed1 38). C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a  c\u00f4ng \u00edch : m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1ecdi g\u1ecdi tha thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Populorum progressio<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> (n\u0103m 2009). Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u00bb (s\u1ed1 6). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f4ng \u00edch mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Deus Caritas est<\/em> (n\u0103m 2005) : m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ;  do \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (CV 7). Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trao ban v\u1ed1n ngang qua m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng  gi\u1eefa \u00ab mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng \u00bb (an ninh) v\u00e0 \u00ab mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00bb (tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f4ng l\u00fd). S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0u mang n\u00f3 : hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tha nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng. B\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch : ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00ean hay ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u1ea3y sinh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho vi\u1ec7c trao ban h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i : c\u00f4ng \u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n sinh th\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00ab Laudato si\u2019 \u00bb (n\u0103m 2015) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111ang bao v\u00e2y \u00ab ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u00bb v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng canh t\u00e2n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau : v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab n\u1ec1n sinh th\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u00bb m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t ra quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y l\u1eabn nhau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng \u00ab ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em> \u00bb (LS, 49). Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u0169 \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, \u00ab nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o [\u2026] Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u00edch c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/em> \u00bb (LS, 158). C\u00f4ng \u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a cho m\u1ed9t \u00ab l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u00bb ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00ab \u00edt h\u01a1n th\u00ec h\u01a1n<\/em> \u00bb (LS, 222), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft vui h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00edch li\u00ean th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong manh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u00e0y ngang qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u1ee3i). \u0110\u00edch nh\u1eafm c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00ab to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u00bb n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/em> \u00bb (9) n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh dung x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u00ab ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u00bb trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0m  th\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/em> : n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh lu\u1eadn. Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp h\u00e0nh tinh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/em> \u00bb (CV, 42). V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 an ninh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y qua c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t : c\u00f4ng \u00edch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hay, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. \u1ede g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy l\u1ee3i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a t\u00e2n t\u1ef1 do, m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung xem ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eafm. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u0129nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd chung c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong manh nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u00e1i \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra cho si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng loan b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u00ecnh. Qua di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng khi nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u1eafng th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng, khi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u sai n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, h\u00e0nh vi trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong Con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

——————-<\/p>\n

1. Saint Thomas, Somme Th\u00e9ologique<\/em>, Cerf, 1984.<\/p>\n

2. Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>\u00bb. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chung v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i suy n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e1c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00edch. <\/p>\n

4. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00ab Pacem in terris \u00bb, n\u0103m 1963, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i : PT, 53-59.<\/p>\n

5. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ghi kh\u1eafc ch\u00fang n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (PT 70).<\/p>\n

6. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00ab Gaudium et spes \u00bb c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00bb.<\/p>\n

7. GS 26 khai tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00ab Mater et magistra \u00bb, s\u1ed1 64, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

8. PP 14 : \u00ab  S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

9. Habermas J\u00fcrgen, \u00ab Pluralisme et morale \u00bb, in Esprit, n\u00b0 306, juillet 2004, actes du d\u00e9bat entre J\u00fcrgen Habermas et Joseph Ratzinger le 19 janvier 2004 \u00e0 Munich, p. 6-18. <\/p>\n

———–<\/p>\n

Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dominique Coatan\u00e9a, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a UCO Angers. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,36,31,8,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-luan-ly","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14363"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15012,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14363\/revisions\/15012"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}