{"id":14622,"date":"2021-05-03T08:23:50","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T01:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=14622"},"modified":"2021-05-22T10:52:04","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T03:52:04","slug":"giao-hoi-va-nen-dan-chu-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/giao-hoi-va-nen-dan-chu-hien-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 N\u1ec0N D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cha Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric LOUZEAU, <\/em><\/p>\n

ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Khoa Notre-Dame<\/em><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00ab Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u00bb c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, hay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

I. V\u00e0i n\u00e9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean d\u00e0i d\u1eb3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p : c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, xuy\u00ean qua ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1892, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p theo n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a hay n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 nhau, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o : nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII trong m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Gi\u00e1ng Sinh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1944 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y (cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1944 : k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u b\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm\u2026) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1944, t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, \u00ab ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh \u00bb cho n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII ; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u00ab v\u00e2ng \u00bb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00ab h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1eeba tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ; v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi l\u00fd do ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

II. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1, nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. (Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y) m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II , bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m hai m\u1ee5c: nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eb1m trong H\u1ecdc Thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u00ab ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u00bb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, \u00ab ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n sinh : kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bao la, r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i kinh kh\u1ee7ng, vi\u1ec7c ghi kh\u1eafc trong m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00ab ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

    Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau \u00bb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 : c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u1edf ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng chung\u2026v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh).<\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n danh nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, nh\u00e2n danh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7). Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i : \u00ab Th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ? \u00bb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi : \u00ab T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng rao gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00bb. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2013 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u2013 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 hay nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. T\u1ef1 s\u00e2u xa, vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 trung gian v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00ab c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 \u00bb d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a gi\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 : n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n hay c\u1ee7a \u00ab ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u00bb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00abSi\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u00bb mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ?<\/p>\n

      Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a S\u00f4-vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 : khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 thai, g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu, thao t\u00fang ph\u00f4i thai, di truy\u1ec1n, hay h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn xung quanh \u00ab PACS \u00bb (Pacte civil de solidarit\u00e9). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam : vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng : n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o : d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hay ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00f9y \u00fd m\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u1ef1 s\u00e2u xa, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

      Sau c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Centesimus annus<\/em> (B\u00e1ch chu ni\u00ean), s\u1ed1 46 : \u00ab N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u1edf ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng khai ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5y trang k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u00bb.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra trong n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u00f2n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c hay c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

      Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng, khi rao gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n : Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ? Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

      Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb video clip<\/a> \u00ab L\u2019Eglise et la d\u00e9mocratie contemporaine \u00bb v\u00e0 th\u00eam ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n