Nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u00edt gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t ch\u00fang trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i : T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u00f4m 1\/6\/2021 B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1i Cu\u1ed1n VI c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt 1983 \u2013 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 8\/12\/2021.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb nay, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u00ab ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00bb n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u00bb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00ab t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u00bb, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Filippo Iannone, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Kho\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi 1398 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u2013 thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n k\u00edn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u2013 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u0111e d\u1ecda, hay l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9c cha Juan Ignacio Arrieta Ochoa de Chinchetru, th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u00e0nh cho quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (kho\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt 1336) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ee9c cha Arrieta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00bb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u1ef1 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra \u00bb. N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u00ab cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u00bb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u00bb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u00ab c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
Theo ng\u00e0i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i t\u1eeb nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u00ab v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cai qu\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i \u00bb. Quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hay kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u00bb.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n Trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed1n VI. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt : m\u01b0u toan truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ; ghi \u00e2m vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i ; truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea1m th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt 1917 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt 1983, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tham nh\u0169ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c ban c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n tr\u1edf hay nh\u1eefng v\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o : vi ph\u1ea1m b\u00ed m\u1eadt T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh ; kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00e1n hay m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ; kh\u00f4ng khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ; vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn di s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ; nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m di s\u1ea3n do l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u0129 hay tu s\u0129 \u00ab vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf – bao g\u1ed3m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 – hay vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kho\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt 285 \u00a7 4 \u00bb c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1n VI n\u0103m 1983 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn, trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u00ab n\u00f3i chung \u00bb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh : vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ; lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ; ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ; c\u00e1c v\u1ea1, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t hay c\u00e1c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c ; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ; v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb nay c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 : vi\u1ec7c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ; lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ; ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ; c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t hay c\u00e1c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c ; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t ; x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00ab h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t cho t\u1eebng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u00bb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c : t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ; chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m khi thi h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5 \u1ea5y ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb nay, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 sau : t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn thanh danh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ; t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n T\u00fd Linh<\/p>\n (theo ZENIT)<\/p>\n