{"id":2340,"date":"2013-04-18T07:45:28","date_gmt":"2013-04-18T00:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=2340"},"modified":"2013-04-18T07:45:28","modified_gmt":"2013-04-18T00:45:28","slug":"duc-tin-trong-cuu-uoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/duc-tin-trong-cuu-uoc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee8C TIN TRONG C\u1ef0U \u01af\u1edaC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lm. Nicholas King<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em><\/strong> SJ<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xem l\u1ea1i hai hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 tin nh\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tin, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u \u201cra ng\u00f4, ra khoai\u201d, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u201d ch\u00ednh c\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00faa\u201d, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 hai cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hay n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ai hi\u1ec3u sai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdn C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em>\u201d. T\u1eeb c\u1eadn ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u2019aman<\/em>, (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u201cAmen\u201d), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1ea9n\u201d hay \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u2019emeth<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u201d hay \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u00ednh trung th\u00e0nh\u201d hay \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, xem ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

1. Abraham<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00f4ng Abraham, trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 12, 1-3, l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 75, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: \u201cH\u00e3y r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c, c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 cha ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/em>\u201d. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ecdng ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n

Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n l\u1edbn, s\u1ebd ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ta s\u1ebd cho t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eaby l\u1eebng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ta s\u1ebd ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i;<\/em><\/p>\n

Ai nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u01a1i, Ta s\u1ebd nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi gia t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac.”<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng khi nghe ti\u1ebfp b\u1ea3n v\u0103n:\u00a0 \u201cv\u00e0 \u00f4ng Abram ra \u0111i theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Giav\u00ea n\u00f3i<\/em>\u201d. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12-24 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u00d4ng Abram (ho\u1eb7c Abraham nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi sau n\u00e0y) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i n\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 15. V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0: \u201cH\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. D\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/em>\u201d. R\u1ed3i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nghe c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Abram m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ea9n v\u00e0o YHWH, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh<\/em>\u201d (Rm 4,3). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, Abraham (t\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong St 17,5) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecdc, suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Abraham n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 22 s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh. L\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i (v\u00ec Isaac \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi sinh ra \u00f4ng). \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng (St 22, 2), \u2018H\u00e3y \u0111em \u0111\u1ee9a con trai Isaac m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qu\u00fd v\u00e0 ra \u0111i<\/em> [\u201cra \u0111i\u201d<\/em> c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12 khi b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng] \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Moriah, d\u00e2ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m hy l\u1ec5 l\u00ean cho Ta<\/em>\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u khi Abraham v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi t\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. Ta nghe c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Isaac: \u201cCon chi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady b\u1ed1?<\/em>\u201d. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Abraham c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn ta b\u1edbt \u0111i n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3: \u201cCh\u00faa s\u1ebd li\u1ec7u con \u00e0!<\/em>\u201d. V\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u201cv\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i b\u00ean nhau<\/em>\u201d, t\u00ednh trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam x\u00fac c\u1ea3m cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra Abraham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u201cs\u1ebd li\u1ec7u<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Isaac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n th\u1ee9; nh\u01b0ng Abraham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tinh \u00fd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Sarah kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u2013 St 23, 2), trong khi Isaac kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cha m\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110av\u00edt<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110av\u00edt, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong 1 Samuel 16 v\u00e0 1 C\u00e1c Vua 2. \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vua Saul khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 vua n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110av\u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, h\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u1edbi anh ta<\/em>\u201d (1 Sm 16, 18). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ch\u00ednh mi\u1ec7ng \u0110av\u00edt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Saul khi xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u tay \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi Goliath: \u201cCh\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eadt con kh\u1ecfi vu\u1ed1t s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 vu\u1ed1t g\u1ea5u, ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1eadt con kh\u1ecfi tay t\u00ean Philitinh n\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d (1 Sm 17, 37); v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u1edbi \u0110av\u00edt n\u00ean Saul c\u0103m gh\u00e9t \u00f4ng ra m\u1eb7t (1 Sm 18, 28-29).<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cYHWH\u201d trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0110av\u00edt xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n d\u0129 nhi\u00ean khi lu\u00f4n th\u1ec9nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra tr\u1eadn (1 Sm 23, 4; cf 2 Sm 2,1; 5,19. 23). \u0110av\u00edt c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ra tay h\u1ea1 s\u00e1t \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u<\/em>\u201d (1 Sm 24,7; 26,9-11, 23-24; cf 2 Sm 1,14), v\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Abigail l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (1 Sm 25,32). Khi tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0110av\u00edt b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Amalek t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, b\u1eaft h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110av\u00edt l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i cam \u0111\u1ea3m trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201cv\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d (1 Sm 30,6). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110av\u00edt kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ra tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n Amalek, th\u00ec \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (1 Sm 30,23 \u2013 \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta<\/em>\u201d). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kinh h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Uzzia khi ch\u1ea1m tay v\u00e0o h\u00f2m bia, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111em H\u00f2m bia Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0nh \u0110av\u00edt m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Obed-Edom ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hittit (2 Sm 6,10); Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111em H\u00f2m bia v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110av\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2m bia khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng khinh d\u1ec5 (2 Sm 6,14-22).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110av\u00edt c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1eeda d\u1ea1y khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vua: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 khi \u0110av\u00edt c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn x\u00e2y \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd cho Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vua v\u00f9ng C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y cho m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 \u0110av\u00edt<\/em>\u201d (2 Sm 7,1-28). L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi Bathsh\u00eaba, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Uria ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hittit, khi \u0110av\u00edt kh\u00f4ng chu to\u00e0n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vua v\u00e0 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u00e0, ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Nathan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng (2 Sm 11,1-12,25). V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vua quan C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, \u0110av\u00edt th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi YHWH<\/em>\u201d (2 Sm 12,13). L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1eb7c cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Joab, \u0110av\u00edt t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Israel v\u00e0 Giu\u0111a, ng\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec5 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (2 Sm 24,1-17); s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, sau cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Absalom m\u00e0 \u0110av\u00edt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 can, \u0110av\u00edt kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p H\u00f2m bia \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cH\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a H\u00f2m Bia Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng YHWH, th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cho ta th\u1ea5y H\u00f2m Bia v\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ta n\u1eefa, th\u00ec n\u00e0y ta \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t<\/em>\u201d (2 Sm 15,25-26). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110av\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y: \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n vua \u0110av\u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca tuy\u1ec7t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng \u0110av\u00edt, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft \u00f4ng (m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng). B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Vua, \u0110av\u00edt g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft, Bathsh\u00eaba v\u00e0 Nathan \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 Solomon l\u00ean n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i vua. L\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110av\u00edt v\u1edbi b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa: \u201cTa th\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi c\u01a1n qu\u1eabn b\u00e1ch<\/em>\u201d \u00a0(1 V 1, 29). \u1ede ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, \u0110av\u00edt n\u00f3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho Solomon v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: \u201cH\u00e3y tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a YHWH, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, m\u00e0 \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi r\u0103n, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua qu\u00e1 ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 len l\u1ecfi trong m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1eafc sai l\u1ed7i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

3. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh gia <\/em><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh gia. Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh gia<\/em>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u00fang ra c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh cho vua \u0110av\u00edt: theo c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea1c (1 Sm 16,16-18), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0110av\u00edt; nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft sau th\u1eddi \u0110av\u00edt. S\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh V\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp chung quanh \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd do Solomon x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, th\u00ec h\u00e3y tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh V\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e1t l\u00ean<\/em>\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1ch (imperative mood), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0m \u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00ean\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel; nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u00eda b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Israel c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ra th\u00e0nh: c\u00e1c b\u00e0i than v\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n; c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca t\u1ea1 \u01a1n hay tin c\u1eady (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh V\u1ecbnh 23, \u201cCh\u00faa l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c t\u1eed ch\u0103n d\u1eaft con<\/em>\u201d. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca hay \u201cth\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ng\u1ee3i khen\u201d, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca Sion, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3\u201d ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel. C\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 119, Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d ng\u1ee3i ca Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Israel, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 106. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 xin m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi t\u00e1c gia thi s\u0129 trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd?<\/em>\u201d (\u00f4ng Gi\u00f3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p).<\/p>\n

\u201cHineni\u201d<\/em><\/strong>: c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i: hineni<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00e0y t\u00f4i (con) \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>\u201d hay \u201cXem n\u00e0y, ta (con) \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>\u201d, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng!<\/em>\u201d, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh \u0111e \u0111\u1ecda: \u201cH\u00e3y xem \u0111i\u1ec1u ta s\u1eafp l\u00e0m v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Amalek<\/em>\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 22 m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Abraham khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00e2ng Isaac l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5. Abraham n\u00f3i \u201chineni<\/em>\u201d ba l\u1ea7n trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng (St 22:1 \u2013 \u201cD\u1ea1, con \u0111\u00e2y!<\/em>\u201d); l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111au nh\u00f3i h\u01a1n khi Isaac g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi con chi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u (St 22:8 \u2013 \u201cCha \u0111\u00e2y con!<\/em>\u201d); v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 khi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u00f4ng ra tay gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb (St 22:11 \u2013 \u201cD\u1ea1, con \u0111\u00e2y!<\/em>\u201d).<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe t\u1eeb n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 khi Giac\u00f3p sai Giuse \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00e1c anh em m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u0103n \u0111\u00e0n gia s\u00fac c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Shikem (St 37,13),\u00a0 v\u00e0 Giuse (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c anh em kh\u00e1c n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn v\u00ec gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh) \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ra \u0111i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft c\u00f3c Giuse nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft \u0111i (nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00a0Ruben v\u00e0 Giu\u0111a). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng sang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em v\u00e0 cha m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u1eadu n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong St 46,2, khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p Giac\u00f3p, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi Giuse.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4isen c\u0169ng th\u1ed1t l\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n (Xh 3,4. \u00d4ng \u0111ang ch\u0103n chi\u00ean cho nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5 th\u00ec b\u1ed5ng nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y ch\u00e1y b\u1eebng, \u00f4ng nghe ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 M\u00f4isen tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201chineni\u201d<\/em>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y, v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 cam go l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n Israel. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng M\u00f4isen, t\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt 34, 5. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n lo l\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd an t\u00e2m v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i Samuel c\u0169ng ba l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u00cali khi th\u1ed1t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u2018hineni\u2019<\/em>, v\u00ec c\u1ee9 ng\u1ee1 v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u1ebf g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh (1 Sm 3,4. 6-8). Eli d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u00e3y n\u00f3i, YHWH, v\u00ec t\u00f4i t\u1edb Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang l\u1eafng tai nghe<\/em>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 cam go m\u00e0 Samuel v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u00ean kia ch\u00edn su\u1ed1i\u201d m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean (xem c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng Endor g\u1ecdi h\u1ed3n Samuel, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u 1 Sm 28, 15 \u2013 \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i (Saul) l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00ean m\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y t\u00f4i?<\/em>\u201d). \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00eam \u1ea3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i t\u1eeb \u2018hineni\u2019<\/em> l\u00e0 vua \u0110av\u00edt \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (2 Sm 15,26), n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, sau v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Absalom. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho ch\u00fang ta theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isaiah c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1edd kh\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u2018hineni\u2019<\/em>. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 trong s\u00e1ch Isaia thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd v\u00e0o \u201cn\u0103m Vua Uzzia b\u0103ng h\u00e0\u201d, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nghe thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n seraphim (\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng\u201d) h\u00f4 vang \u201cTh\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh<\/em>\u201d. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cKh\u1ed1n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t! V\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng \u00f4 u\u1ebf<\/em>\u201d (Is 6,5); Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng\u201d \u1ea5y mang c\u1ee5c than \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng \u00f4ng. L\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00f4ng nghe ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00faa h\u1ecfi: \u201cTa s\u1ebd sai ai \u0111\u00e2y? Ai s\u1ebd \u0111i cho ch\u00fang ta?<\/em>\u201d (Is 6,8). V\u1ecb ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y nh\u1ea3y c\u1eedng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ta b\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng sau ti\u1ebfng h\u00e9t to c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cHineni<\/em> \u2013 h\u00e3y sai con \u0111i!<\/em>\u201d. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y gian kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u201chineni<\/em>\u201d. Khi b\u1ea1n nghe l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00ec \u201chineni<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u2019emeth<\/em> mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh 19, 5, khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi M\u00f4isen r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i nghe v\u00e0 gi\u1eef giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ta, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Ta trong m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/em>\u201d. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Israel (v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) l\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong nghi th\u1ee9c Seder<\/em>[1]<\/a> v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua (xem Xh 13,3-16) v\u00e0 trong nghi th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e2n giao \u01b0\u1edbc, khi d\u00e2n Israel tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u1eb1ng: \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aram lang thang l\u00e0 cha \u00f4ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/em>\u201d (\u0110nl 26,5). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 d\u00e2n Israel ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (v\u00e0 h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa YHWH v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Israel). \u0110\u1ee9c tin trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp chung quanh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0103n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

Lm. Phaol\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ch\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n


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[1]<\/a> Seder l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh<\/em> \u2013 hay Shemot<\/em> trong S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Nghi th\u1ee9c Seder d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e2u trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh 13, 8: \u201cTrong ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i r\u1eb1ng: s\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho cha khi cha ra kh\u1ecfi Ai C\u1eadp<\/em>\u201d (NdT.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lm. Nicholas King, SJ \u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":663,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,71,33],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-2340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuu-uoc","category-lm-nguyen-minh-chinh","category-tam-linh","tag-nam-duc-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2341,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2340\/revisions\/2341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}