{"id":25377,"date":"2023-06-19T23:32:29","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T16:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=25377"},"modified":"2023-06-21T13:44:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T06:44:24","slug":"tong-thu-nhan-dip-ky-niem-400-nam-ngay-sinh-cua-blaise-pascal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tong-thu-nhan-dip-ky-niem-400-nam-ngay-sinh-cua-blaise-pascal\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00d4NG TH\u01af NH\u00c2N D\u1ecaP K\u1ef6 NI\u1ec6M 400 N\u0102M NG\u00c0Y SINH C\u1ee6A BLAISE PASCAL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blaise Pascal <\/a>sinh ng\u00e0y 19\/6\/1623. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ng\u00e0y 19\/6\/2023, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t T\u00f4ng th\u01b0<\/a> c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab Sublimitas et miseria hominis<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab S\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1edd<\/em>i \u00bb), nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 400 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00ab M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/em> \u00bb, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Blaise Pascal, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 400 sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng 19\/6\/1623 \u1edf Clermont Ferrand, mi\u1ec1n trung n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Auvergne  v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u00f4ng th\u01b0 cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 8, 5 : \u00ab Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 chi, m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m?<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n sinh, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 Pascal \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau : \u00ab V\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u00bb (*)<\/em>. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i,  m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf kh\u00e1c \u00ab v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, Pascal c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Paris ; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Do \u0111\u00f3, Pascal \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi suy y\u1ebfu v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 vi\u1ebft : \u00ab Th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng khi ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 Blaise Pascal kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/em> : “\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i”<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Pascal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/em> \u00bb trong \u00ab vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0, theo h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tin, trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u00e2n hoan nh\u1eadn ra Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <\/em>\u00bb. Pascal \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00ab tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u00ab Pens\u00e9es \u00bb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i<\/em> \u00bb v\u1ed1n \u00ab kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/em> \u00bb. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Pascal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n \u00ab Pens\u00e9es \u00bb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh : \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i<\/em> \u00bb. Pascal bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t con tim t\u1ef1 do. \u00ab T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u2013 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y -, h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe Blaise Pascal, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 [\u2026] v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn hay t\u00f4n th\u1edd<\/em> \u00bb, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, Pascal b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan. Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n v\u00e0, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi M. de Sacy, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp : \u00ab N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t <\/em>\u00bb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Blaise Pascal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pascal tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 em g\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sau khi m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi l\u00fac \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 3 tu\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng  v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi l\u00fac \u00f4ng 17 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 hai n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00ab \u00f4ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh ch\u00fang ta<\/em> \u00bb. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh : \u00ab Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1edf ra cho nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft gia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Pascal, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00ab Pens\u00e9es \u00bb, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Pascal l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Hy L\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 Platon v\u00e0 Aristote, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed. T\u1ef1 n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 h\u00f4m qua c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u00ab v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta <\/em>\u00bb. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u00ab Pens\u00e9es \u00bb nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00ab d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau che khu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i <\/em>\u00bb, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh xa \u00ab nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc hay lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em> \u00bb v\u1ed1n \u00ab k\u00ecm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u00fang trong bong b\u00f3ng ni\u1ec1m tin trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Pascal n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c : con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba cao c\u1ea3 v\u1eeba kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5. Cao c\u1ea3  b\u1edfi l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cao c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5. Gi\u1eefa hai th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn qu\u00ean \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed hay c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111am m\u00ea h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha vi\u1ebft : \u00ab Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng xoa d\u1ecbu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac <\/em>\u00bb. V\u1eady m\u00e0, v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha vi\u1ebft, Pascal \u00ab l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23\/11\/1654, Pascal \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, \u00ab \u0111\u00eam l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng<\/em> \u00bb, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3n k\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed9c \u00ab g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1<\/em> \u00bb n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Pascal v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00ab ni\u1ec1m vui s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn <\/em>\u00bb. \u00ab Pascal l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00e0o: \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa  c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa  c\u1ee7a Abraham, Isaac v\u00e0 Giac\u00f3p, v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa  l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed : c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Pascal \u00ab \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i  \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00edn, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00fd tr\u00ed, v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Pascal v\u1edbi \u00ab t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> \u00bb. \u0110\u1ee9c tin h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Pascal, \u00ab c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ec9 ao \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u00bb. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, \u00ab \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em> \u00bb kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00ab b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/em> \u00bb ; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u00ab thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb, c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 v\u00ec trong l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i Pascal, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u00fd tr\u00ed phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ed <\/em>\u00bb. \u00ab C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/em> \u00bb v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Blaise Pascal \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00ab tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tinh x\u1ea3o<\/em> \u00bb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00ab tr\u00e1i tim \u00bb. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft trong \u00ab Pens\u00e9es \u00bb : \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim, ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u00edch khi s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3<\/em> \u00bb. \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i th\u00eam : \u00ab C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ea7n linh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha, Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim thi\u00eang li\u00eang sang kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c l\u00fd tr\u00ed, n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft Jansen (Jans\u00e9nisme) <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Pascal. Jacqueline, em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, gia nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tu ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi Corn\u00e9lius Jansen. Ch\u00ednh Pascal, sau khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Port Royal v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1\/1655, n\u01a1i em g\u00e1i \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1edf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u1edf Port Royal, n\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1656 v\u00e0 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft Jansen trong cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha vi\u1ebft : \u00ab N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab theo thuy\u1ebft Jansen \u00bb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Pascal \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Augustinus, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Port-Royal theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jans\u00e9nius trau chu\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. [\u2026] L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Pascal ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft P\u00ealagi\u00f4 hay ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1n-P\u00ealagi\u00f4 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean theo thuy\u1ebft Molina<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Luis de Molina, qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1600 nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII<\/em> \u00bb. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y : \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. [\u2026] L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Pascal v\u1ec1 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong T\u00f4ng th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00ab s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> \u00bb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a Pascal. B\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi l\u00fac m\u1edbi 39 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19\/8\/1662 v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n \u00ab Xin Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/p>\n

(theo Jean-Charles Putzolu, Vatican News<\/a>)<\/p>\n

————————————————–<\/p>\n

(*) C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Pascal nh\u01b0 sau: \u00ab V\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i c\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n xa l\u1eafm m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i nh\u1ebd c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f2n b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ra, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5y<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab Car enfin qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019homme dans la nature ?<\/em> Un n\u00e9ant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l’infini, un tout \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du n\u00e9ant, un milieu entre rien et tout. Infiniment \u00e9loign\u00e9 de comprendre les extr\u00eames, la fin des choses et leur principe sont pour lui invinciblement cach\u00e9s dans un secret imp\u00e9n\u00e9trable ; \u00e9galement incapable de voir le n\u00e9ant d\u2019o\u00f9 il est tir\u00e9, et l\u2019infini o\u00f9 il est englouti \u00bb, <\/em>b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Qu\u1ef3nh).<\/p>\n

+ Theo nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o La Croix<\/a>, n\u0103m 2017, trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o La Repubblica c\u1ee7a \u00dd, v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Argentina cho r\u1eb1ng Pascal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Paris, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Blaise Pascal sinh ng\u00e0y 19\/6\/1623. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,8,48,43,122],"tags":[168,137],"class_list":["post-25377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tam-linh","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","category-van-kien-giao-hoi","category-duc-tin-ly-tri","tag-cac-thanh-nhan-vat","tag-phanxico-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25377"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25396,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25377\/revisions\/25396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}