{"id":25401,"date":"2023-06-22T10:51:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T03:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=25401"},"modified":"2023-06-22T10:51:00","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T03:51:00","slug":"guido-darezzo-dan-si-da-phat-minh-ra-cac-not-nhac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/guido-darezzo-dan-si-da-phat-minh-ra-cac-not-nhac\/","title":{"rendered":"GUIDO D\u2019AREZZO, \u0110AN S\u0128 \u0110\u00c3 PH\u00c1T MINH RA C\u00c1C N\u1ed0T NH\u1ea0C"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp di\u1ec5n ra Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 41 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21\/6, c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Guido d\u2019Arezzo, v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 D\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1ch quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Guido d\u2019Arezzo (992-1033), m\u1ed9t \u0111an s\u0129 D\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea1c. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u00bb, Guido d\u2019Arezzo \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i n\u1ed1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-si.<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t \u00edt y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 993 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Pomposa c\u1ee7a \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1033 \u0111\u1ebfn 1050, t\u1ea1i \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Fonte Avellana. Khi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Pomposa, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Pomposa v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Arezzo, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Teodaldo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y h\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a Arezzo.<\/p>\n

Guido d\u2019Arezzo \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng. C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t l\u1ec5 kh\u00f3 h\u00e1t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n : c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u n\u01a1m. B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c Gr\u00e9gorien, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u n\u01a1m cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e3ng hay cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u00bb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, b\u1eb1ng tai, c\u00e1c kh\u00fac nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u00e2m l\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t thang \u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u n\u1ed1t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean n\u0103m d\u00f2ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u00e0n b\u00e8 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y, Guido d\u2019Arezzo s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean, ut-r\u00e9-mi-fa-sol-la, m\u1ed7i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh thi k\u00ednh th\u00e1nh Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh thi ti\u1ebfng Latinh n\u00e0y, do Paul Diacre vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: n\u00f3 t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00f4g\u00edc t\u1eebng n\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a thang \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u th\u01a1, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

UT<\/em><\/strong> queant laxis –<\/em>RE<\/em><\/strong>sonare fibris – <\/em>MI<\/em><\/strong>ra gestorum –<\/em>FA<\/em><\/strong>mili tuorum<\/em> – SOL<\/em><\/strong>ve pollutir –<\/em>LA<\/em><\/strong>bii reatum<\/em> – S<\/em><\/strong>ancte I<\/strong>oannes.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n thanh b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00fang con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vang l\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, xin c\u1ea5t b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb t\u00f4i t\u1edb \u00f4 u\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u00f4i l\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Gioan<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed1t Si<\/strong>, ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 r\u00fat g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a S<\/em><\/strong>ancte I<\/strong>oannes<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Anselme de Flandres th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI. N\u1ed1t Ut<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Do<\/strong> b\u01a1i nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c Bononcini v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1673. N\u1ed1t Do<\/strong> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u00ab Domine \u00bb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab Ch\u00faa \u00bb.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c t\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Guido d\u2019Arezzo \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i : A (La), B (Si), C (Do), D (R\u00e9), E (Mi), F (Fa) v\u00e0 G (Sol). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anglo-Saxon v\u00e0 Germanic.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/em><\/p>\n

(theo nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o La Croix<\/a> v\u00e0 Aleteia<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n