{"id":25595,"date":"2023-07-22T00:22:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T17:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=25595"},"modified":"2023-07-22T23:03:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-22T16:03:51","slug":"nguyen-tac-tham-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/nguyen-tac-tham-gia\/","title":{"rendered":"NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC THAM GIA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia <\/strong>c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (HTXH) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ? Sau nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch, li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi hay b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ? V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba \u0111o\u1ea1n trong cu\u1ed1n T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00ab nh\u1ecf \u00bb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ? Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng \u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ?<\/p>\n

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Qua nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia, cu\u1ed1n T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00ab v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1. Tham gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/em> \u00bb (1).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (2) v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00ab Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n qua vi\u1ec7c trao ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i<\/em> \u00bb (3).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngang qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u00ab t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em> \u00bb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u00ab m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em> \u00bb (5). S\u1ef1 tham gia l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/em> (FT 173). Khi hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em> (Cv 33 ; FT 183).<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 tham gia ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hay sao ? Khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u00bb tham gia, th\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 tham gia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00ab nh\u1ecf \u00bb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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  1. C\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1eeb \u00ab tham gia<\/em> \u00bb kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf k\u00fd, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u00e1nh m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 giao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf k\u00fd, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 trao ph\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3. \u00ab \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ca-\u0111en, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 canh gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/em> \u00bb (6). Theo l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trao ph\u00f3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sao cho khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u01a1m hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    Giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n Israel v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecd gi\u1eef giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00ab M\u00f4is\u00ea l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdc cho d\u00e2n nghe. H\u1ecd th\u01b0a: \u00ab T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd thi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo. \u00bb<\/em> \u00bb (7). V\u1ec1 sau, trong s\u00e1ch Samuel, khi d\u00e2n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u1ecd (8) nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n : \u00ab H\u00e3y nghe theo ti\u1ebfng ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t vua cai tr\u1ecb ch\u00fang<\/em> \u00bb (9). <\/p>\n

    Trong Tin M\u1eebng theo th\u00e1nh M\u00e1tth\u00eau, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham gia. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn nho (10), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea v\u00e0o gi\u1edd n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf : \u00ab C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m ch\u00fang, v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang<\/em> \u00bb (11) nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong manh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a M\u00e1tth\u00eau : \u00ab Ta b\u1ea3o th\u1eadt c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i: m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta v\u1eady<\/em> \u00bb (12). N\u01a1i Luca, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu  gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n : \u00ab Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3i ti\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, qu\u00e8 qu\u1eb7t, \u0111ui m\u00f9<\/em> \u00bb (13). Trong b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 : \u00ab C\u00e1c con h\u00e3y cho h\u1ecd \u0103n<\/em> \u00bb (14).<\/p>\n

    Th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1edfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4rint\u00f4 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00ab \u2026mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chia r\u1ebd trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng cho nhau <\/em>\u00bb (15). Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

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    1. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu v\u00e0 \u0111an tu t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia xa h\u01a1n (16). M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00ab quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd<\/em> \u00bb v\u00e0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/em> \u00bb. Trong Tu Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, th\u00ec \u00ab ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt<\/em> \u00bb. Ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 tu lu\u1eadt trao cho ng\u00e0i. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5. C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tham gia gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (17).<\/p>\n

      Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1nh Catarina Si\u00eana, trong khi m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u00ab Cha c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c\u2026C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Cha ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f4i khi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i khi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia\u2026\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i ; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ; v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ; v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2026\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Cha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u1edbn <\/em>(18), v\u00e0 Cha kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau\u2026Cha mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhau v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Cha \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 h\u1eadu h\u0129 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Cha<\/em> \u00bb (19).<\/p>\n

      Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tham gia \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum Novarum<\/em> (T\u00e2n S\u1ef1) t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phi nh\u00e2n. Rerum Novarum<\/em> \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng : \u00ab M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i chung m\u00e0, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ngang nhau<\/em> \u00bb (20).<\/p>\n

      Trong Rerum Novarum<\/em>, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab tham gia \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 tham gia li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng : b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>\u00bb (21), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 anh em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan ph\u00f2ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em> \u00bb (22). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qua \u00ab s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/em> \u00bb (23) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

      Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Rerum Novarum<\/em>, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo Anno<\/em> (T\u1ee9 Th\u1eadp Ni\u00ean), \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng khi l\u1ea5y \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00ab c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (\u2026) nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em> \u00bb (24). \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI s\u1ebd n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c : \u00ab Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, th\u00f4ng qua quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trung gian. S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb khi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u1ed1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em> \u00bb (25). \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 : \u00ab Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> \u00bb (26).<\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i : \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mater et Magistra<\/em> (M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u00ab gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00f3 hay nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i <\/em>\u00bb (27). \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u00ab  (\u2026) \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf chung ta v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n : \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1, khi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em> \u00bb (28). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y nay h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/em> \u00bb (29).<\/p>\n

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      1. Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tham gia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt, n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean tr\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ngang b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta: \u00ab Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y. <\/em>Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n ban n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ai qu\u00ean \u0111i b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay ch\u1ec9 chu to\u00e0n ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng tay n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng tay kia<\/em> \u00bb (30). S. Weil gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n khi b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft: \u00ab Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cngh\u0129a v\u1ee5\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u01a1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i\u201d, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. (\u2026). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5<\/em> \u00bb (31).<\/p>\n

        Khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chia nh\u1ecf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00ab T\u00f4i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang? \u00bb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00ab T\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ? Ai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ? \u00bb. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ai y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em> (T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 anh em), khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n. \u00ab C\u00e2u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u : \u00ab \u00d4ng h\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00bb (Lc 10, 37). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00ab nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u00bb m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em> \u00bb (32).<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ai, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham gia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham gia  t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hannah Arendt (33), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n<\/em> \u00bb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n : c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

           V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tham gia, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd. \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi tai ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft bao khi th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tha, ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> \u00bb (34).<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m qua, phong tr\u00e0o ATD Quart Monde<\/em> ( Agir tous pour la dignit\u00e9 Quart Monde \/ M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/em>) (35) nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho \u0111i. M\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111i, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i Hannah Arendt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 trao cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0m c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 tham gia, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ed1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh : c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ; c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5m ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u1eabn nhau\u2026Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5u tr\u0129 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u2026(36).<\/p>\n

            Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em> (B\u00e1c \u00e1i trong Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd), \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang : \u00ab H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/strong> v\u1ed1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00ab polis \u00bb, c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4<\/em> \u00bb (37).<\/p>\n

            Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn chung v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n chung ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chung v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng khi ch\u00fang  kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

            Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban, m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n hay m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tham gia v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan trung gian m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

             Sau c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m lo cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 tham gia th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i l\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/em> ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u00edch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

              Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n \u00ab t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tha nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i <\/em>\u00bb (38). C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3u ch\u00fang ta th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang. Kh\u00f4ng khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 xoay x\u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng  t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00ab Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1ea9n, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ; b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c hay \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i <\/em>\u00bb (39).<\/p>\n

                 —————————————————————-<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(1)   T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00a7189.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(2)   S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o 1914, 1915, 1916.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(3)   Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/a>, GS 24<\/a>.3<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(4)   S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u2013 1913.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(5)   S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u2013 1913.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(6)   Stk 2, 15.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(7)   Xh 24, 7.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(8)   1Sm 8, 11-18.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(9)   1Sm 8, 22.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(10) Mt 20<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(11)  Mt 19, 14.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(12) Mt 25, 40.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(13) Lc 14, 13.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(14) Lc 9, 13. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu s\u1ebd sai c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1eebng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t (Lc 10, 1) v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho Ng\u00e0i (Lc 24, 48).<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(15) 1Cr 12, 25<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(16) Cf. Leo Moulin, \u201cle pouvoir dans les ordres religieux<\/em>\u201d dans \u201cPouvoir\u201d n\u00b017, 1981.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(17) Leo Moulin khai tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111an tu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Hy L\u1ea1p C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00ab Les origines religieuses des technique \u00e9lectorales et d\u00e9lib\u00e9ratives moderne<\/em> \u00bb,  Politix. Revue des sciences sociales du politique<\/a> Ann\u00e9e 1998 43<\/a> pp. 117-162<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(18) Khi n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh Catarina Si\u00eana \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(19) S. Catherine de Sienne, Dial<\/em>. 1, 6<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(20) Rerum Novarum<\/a>, RN 27<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(21) Laborem exercens<\/a>, LE 25<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(22) Laborem exercens<\/a>, LE 25<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(23) Gaudium et Spes<\/a>, GS 68<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(24) Quadragesimo Anno<\/a>, QA 86<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(25) Caritas in veritate<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(26) Fratelli Tutti<\/a>, FT 175<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(27) Mater et Magistra<\/a>, MM 32<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(28) Christifideles Laici \u00a75<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(29) Christifideles Laici \u00a72 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Mt 20, 6-7. Xem th\u00eam trong Laudato Si<\/a> : \u00ab \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f2a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(30) Pacem in Terris<\/a>, PT 30<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(31) Simone Weill, L\u2019enracinement<\/em>, 1943. Trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, b\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u00ab Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ngay khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u00bb.<\/em> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00ab kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(32) Fratelli tutti<\/a>, FT 81<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(33) Hannah Arendt, les origines du totalitarisme<\/em>, 1951<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(34) Fratelli tutti<\/a>, FT187<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(35) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957 b\u1edfi Cha Joseph Wresinski, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng do Paulo Freire ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(36) Cf. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m Rerum Novarum<\/em> : \u00ab S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(37) Caritas In Veritate<\/a>, CV 7<\/a>. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00abN\u1ec1n sinh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ngang qua c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.  Trong m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/em> \u00bb (Laudato Si<\/a>\u2019, \u00a7 139)<\/p>\n

                <\/a>(38) Fratelli Tutti<\/a>, FT114<\/a><\/p>\n

                <\/a>(39) Gioan XXIII, Pacem in terris<\/a><\/em>, PT 34<\/a><\/p>\n

                —————————————-<\/p>\n

                T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 : Nicolas Masson, Phong tr\u00e0o Doanh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (EDC)<\/em><\/p>\n

                 T\u00fd Linh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

                (ngu\u1ed3n : https:\/\/www.doctrine-sociale-catholique.fr\/les-principes\/216-participation<\/a> )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tham gia c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (HTXH) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,31,32,8,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25595"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25605,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25595\/revisions\/25605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}