![\"\"](\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/somalia-moitruong.jpg\")
<\/p>\nN\u0103m 2023 l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh COP28 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Dubai, thu\u1ed9c C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9 N\u0103m ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 Ba ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 12. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i: \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i COP 28 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 12. Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
COP<\/strong><\/p>\n COP l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cconf\u00e9rence des parties<\/em> \/ h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u00ean<\/em>\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1c b\u00ean<\/em>\u201d \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft. N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1 quan t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 COP26, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, UNFCCC, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd n\u0103m 1992, trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf Rio de Janeiro. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Rio de Janeiro \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, COP \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Berlin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995.<\/p>\n Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris (Accord de Paris)<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i COP21 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2015 t\u1ea1i Paris, 195 b\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft UNFCCC n\u0103m 1992 t\u1ea1i Rio de Janeiro) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd t\u1eaft th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00ean k\u00fd k\u1ebft cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u201cs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 2\u00b0C so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean 1,5\u00b0C so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/em>\u201d. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean trang web UNFCCC (H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu), th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cpertes et pr\u00e9judices<\/em>\u201d (\u201ct\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\u201d) ho\u1eb7c \u201cpertes et dommages<\/em>\u201d (\u201ct\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\u201d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u1eadn l\u0169 l\u1ee5t m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2022 \u1edf Pakistan khi\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1.700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00eda Nam\u201d, v\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, trong khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc G20 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u1ea1i COP27 \u1edf Charm el-Cheikh, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Qu\u1ef9 \u201ct\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u1edf Dubai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u00f3.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u00e9nergies fossiles)<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lo\u1ea1i than c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 360 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m cacbon, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh theo quy m\u00f4 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, than, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea3 ba c\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 84,3% m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (climat)<\/strong><\/p>\n Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v.v. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n B\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n – Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ef1c, l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/p>\n – Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/p>\n – Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi<\/p>\n – Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, vi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu… M\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ri\u00eang. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc (Biodiversit\u00e9)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c\u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Theo trang web c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Sinh th\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau,:<\/p>\n – s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi quy m\u00f4: \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, n\u00fai non… T\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 rau t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn rau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n – s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi) \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n – s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1992, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (D\u00e9veloppement durable)<\/strong><\/p>\n Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987 trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a <\/em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 <\/em>ch\u00fang ta<\/em>\u201d, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Brundtland do \u1ee6y ban M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1: \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng <\/em>g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cnhu c\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ch\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u201d t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Kh\u1eed <\/strong>kh\u00ed <\/strong>cacbon<\/strong> hay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon<\/strong> (<\/strong>D\u00e9carbonation <\/strong>ho\u1eb7c<\/strong> d\u00e9carbonisation<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Kh\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon hay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cacbon dioxide c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf quy m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u201cTh\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn xanh\u201d (Green deal<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trung h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng) ch\u1ee9a cacbon, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t (r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea7m than b\u00f9n, v.v.), \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbon ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1.<\/p>\n B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon (Puits de carbone)<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o) gi\u00fap h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cacbon c\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 c\u00f3 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp cacbon.<\/p>\n R\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 450 petagram cacbon m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, thay v\u00ec 916 petagram m\u1ed7i n\u0103m n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (<\/strong>r\u00e9chauffement climatique<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u00f3 quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,2\u00b0C m\u1ed7i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u00e0 1,2\u00b0C so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ee9c quy chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, cho ph\u00e9p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Kh\u00ed cacbon (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a cacbon dioxide, CO2) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed m\u00ea-tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201ckh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (<\/strong>temp\u00e9rature<\/strong> de la p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9industrielle)<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WMO) t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 “so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>“, n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1850 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1900.<\/p>\n Theo WMO, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 1,2\u00b0C. S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng: 6 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2011-2020 l\u00e0 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1850. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1,5\u00b0C hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng t\u1eeb 26 \u0111\u1ebfn 77 cm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2100, theo GIEC (Nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu).<\/p>\n M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (<\/strong>neutralit\u00e9 climatique)<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u 4 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris.<\/p>\n N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trung h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0<\/em>\u201d (Z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions nettes<\/em> \/ ZEN), trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Christian de Perthuis gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n T\u00fd Linh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef (theo <\/em>Marine Henriot \u2013 Vatican News<\/a>) N\u0103m 2023 l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, h\u1ed9i […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6825,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,31,32,8,48],"tags":[84,142,137],"class_list":["post-27560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","tag-giao-hoi-nha-nuoc","tag-moi-truong","tag-phanxico-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27560"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27776,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27560\/revisions\/27776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/cop28.jpeg\")
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