{"id":29687,"date":"2024-04-17T23:31:18","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T16:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=29687"},"modified":"2024-04-18T13:46:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T06:46:53","slug":"toan-van-tuyen-ngon-dignitas-infinita-ve-pham-gia-con-nguoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/toan-van-tuyen-ngon-dignitas-infinita-ve-pham-gia-con-nguoi\/","title":{"rendered":"TO\u00c0N V\u0102N TUY\u00caN NG\u00d4N “DIGNITAS INFINITA” – V\u1ec0 PH\u1ea8M GI\u00c1 CON NG\u01af\u1edcI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2019, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cvi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u00e0y nay\u201d. Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (Consulta ristretta<\/em>) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00e1c nhau. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong Consulta ristretta<\/em> ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2022, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean r\u00fat ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u0103n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2023 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t Consulta ristretta<\/em> v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea1i Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 (Feria IV<\/em>) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2023. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn d\u00e0nh cho t\u00f4i, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Deliberata<\/em> (ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft) c\u1ee7a Feria IV<\/em> n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.  Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u201d trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u201c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn Feria IV<\/em> v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2024, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi, b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2024, t\u1edbi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cPhi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha. Ng\u00e0i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em>. Do \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u00fat g\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n [\u2026] v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra\u201d. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2024, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u200b\u200bng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2024, d\u00e0nh cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng Armando Matteo \u2013 Th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft -, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n v\u0103n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5 n\u0103m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, do t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Trong ba ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng soi s\u00e1ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n nay trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u201d (dignitas infinita<\/em>), nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt [1], \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u201ctrong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u201d, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec, khi g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u00e1t c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 suy t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u00e9 l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3ng y V\u00edctor Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. (Dignitas infinita<\/em>) M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf trong ch\u00ednh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i, t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u201d.[2]<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch uy t\u00edn trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1<\/em>n (ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1948).[ 3] Khi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea3y sinh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Tin M\u1eebng, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[4] Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n qua l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d.[5]<\/p>\n

4. Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u1edf Puebla, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cPh\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p, \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do, quy\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng\u2026 N\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p, tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n tham gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tra t\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, v.v. [\u2026] N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u201d[6]<\/p>\n

5. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7.\u201d[7] Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n.\u201d[8]<\/p>\n

6. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u201ctuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cqua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u201d\u201d,[9] \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chung s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c: ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201cnh\u1eadn ra ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i sinh gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d.[10] Theo \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4, \u201cngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4,\u201d[11] nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn m\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cn\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t minh ra hay gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d.[12] Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3\u201d.[13] Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1 chung v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi,[14] nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra[15] v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi [\u2026] c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng.\u201d[16] T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1: ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/em>v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n sinh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3<\/em>, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u201cthi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d (indigne) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tin M\u1eebng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ef1 d\u1eef g\u00e2y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u201cm\u1ea5t \u0111i\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u1ea3 thi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, khi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u201cthi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u00e0m \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1edfi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n sinh<\/em>. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u201cc\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u201cthi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 g\u00ec thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng. Trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd n\u00e0y. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d [17] gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d, nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3): \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u201ct\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u201cl\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u01b0\u1edbc ao. Do \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cl\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i \u201cb\u1ea3n t\u00ednh\u201d ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi: b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do trau d\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi, do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

10. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i [18], ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi,[19] nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/em><\/p>\n

11. M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n: \u201cCh\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta\u201d. [\u2026] Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00ecnh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nam c\u00f3 n\u1eef\u201d (St 1, 26-27). Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. \u201cH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u201d kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh linh h\u1ed3n hay nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. C\u1ea3 hai, trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hay do c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau than c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c (x. Xh 3, 7; 22, 20 -26). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt (x. \u0110nl 12-26): \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n\u201d v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ba nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi : tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u. (x. \u0110nl 24, 17). Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qua l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Amos, H\u00f4s\u00ea, Isaia, Mikha v\u00e0 Gi\u00ear\u00eamia \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Amos cay \u0111\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i nh\u1ea5t (x. Am 2, 7; 4, 1; 5, 11-12). Isaia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tai h\u1ecda ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cKh\u1ed1n thay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb vi\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd!\u201d (Is 10, 1-2). Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan. S\u00e1ch Hu\u1ea5n ca so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thu\u00ea l\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u\u201d (Hc 34, 22). Trong c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh V\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n: \u201cH\u00e3y b\u00eanh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i k\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn; minh oan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ai h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn, ai ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang, c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi nanh vu\u1ed1t b\u1ecdn \u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u201d (Tv 82, 3-4).<\/p>\n

12. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.[20] Trong su\u1ed1t s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf (x. Mt 9, 10-11), ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (x. Ga 4, 1-42), tr\u1ebb em (x. Mc 10, 14-15), ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong c\u00f9i (x. Mt 8, 2-3), ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh (x. Mc 1, 29-34), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u (x. Mt 25, 35), g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 (x. Lc 7, 11-15). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c t\u1eed quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn duy ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t con chi\u00ean l\u1ea1c (x. Mt 18, 12-14). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cM\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta v\u1eady\u201d (Mt 25, 40). Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 vinh hi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd x\u00e9t x\u1eed theo t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1, tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a (x. Mt 25, 34-36). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, khi vi\u1ebft cho gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Gal\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 x\u1eed theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (x. Rm 13, 8-10), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i. (x. 1 Cr 13, 1-13).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/p>\n

13. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.[21] T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4: \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d.[22] Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, trong s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.[23] Ngay c\u1ea3 trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Descartes v\u00e0 Kant, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng vang v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy t\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, suy t\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u n\u00f3 theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u1edbi nhau.[24] \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa nh\u1edd t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.[25]<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n

14. Ng\u00e0y nay, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.[26]<\/p>\n

15. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ban cho nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00fat l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ban cho nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eadu nghi\u1ec7m, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nhau, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

16. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m\u201d [27] Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Dignitatis humanae<\/em> c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft; ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d[28] Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u201cnh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00fd tr\u00ed cho bi\u1ebft\u201d [29]. Ch\u00ednh hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng suy t\u01b0 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, khi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

2. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

17. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn m\u00e0, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em><\/p>\n

18. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, theo M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ng\u00e0i (x. St 1,26), m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Theo t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ed1n tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi chia s\u1ebb vinh quang c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

19. Ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n khi Ch\u00faa Cha sai Con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cQua m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d [30] Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i.[ 31] B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, theo \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u201cx\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng\u201d (digne) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u201cd\u00e1ng v\u1ebb\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c khai sinh ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh nan y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecb t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/em><\/p>\n

20. Ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn th\u1ee9 ba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: sau c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201ckh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, [32] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n vinh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cVinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d\u201d [33].<\/p>\n

21. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tin v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o [34] trong Ng\u00f4i Con l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn l\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, trong c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi (x. Ga 10,15-16,17,22-24; 2 Cr 3,18; \u00caph 1,3-14). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201cM\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i [\u2026] t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d [35]<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho t\u1ef1 do<\/em><\/p>\n

22. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n hay l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u2013 nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea hay th\u00e1nh Gioan \u0110amasc\u00f4 \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.[36] Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi<\/em> t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/em> s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 lu m\u1edd ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c tin g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u00fd tr\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cH\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o mang l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e9o m\u00f3, nh\u01b0 khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 thao t\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. R\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.\u201d[37]<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

23. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, \u201ctrong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, quy chi\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d\u201d.[38] \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

24. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d) thay v\u00ec \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), b\u1edfi v\u00ec qua nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a sinh ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.[39] Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u201ctrong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u201d, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/em>. Ch\u1ec9 khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy chi\u1ebfu h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cquy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.[40]<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quy chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan cho t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

25. Th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n [41], nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c mong mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 quan nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/em> thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan n\u00e0y, th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/em><\/p>\n

26. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan<\/em> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m l\u1eabn nhau. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ef1 do nh\u1eb1m \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb qua vi\u1ec7c trao ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00ednh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.\u201d[42]<\/p>\n

27. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

28. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa ban cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, [\u2026]: \u201cM\u1ed7i th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh [\u2026 ] C\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang, m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1.\u201d\u201d [43] H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u201cng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u00e2n trung lu\u1eadn\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c.\u201d[44] Theo vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta khi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt\u201d.[45] Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n \u0111ang b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n

29. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cho d\u00f9 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ban cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d[46] nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch s\u1ef1 d\u1eef h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Gal\u00e1t, khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta\u201d (Gl 5, 1), th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, tr\u00ean vai h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (x. Rm 8, 19tt). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0, t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi lan t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

30. T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi thu h\u00fat ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, xa r\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n. B\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy chi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 coi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00fd do kh\u00e1ch quan hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u0103n t\u00ednh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u201c\u00fd ch\u00ed\u201d kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u0169ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u00fd do\u201d kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cl\u00fd do\u201d n\u00e0o. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[47]<\/p>\n

31. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u201cvi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d[48], nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cquy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do\u201d l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, quy t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.\u201d[49] Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d [50] \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, \u201cch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0, tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thay th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u201d.[51] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. V\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

32. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 suy tho\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u2013 c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 men ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a \u2013 nh\u1eb1m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gay go n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

33. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo tinh th\u1ea7n Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafm, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd sinh ra ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u201d[52] M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia t\u0103ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

34. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nhi\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, ph\u00e1 thai, an t\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u201cb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft x\u1ebbo, tra t\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u201d.[54] V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ecf t\u00f9 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean; ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.[55] Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y[56]: \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u00ean t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta.\u201d[57] C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tra t\u1ea5n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

35. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/em><\/p>\n

36. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 ra, \u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u, trong khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[58] V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa \u201cc\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o\u201d: Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cx\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i m\u1edbi \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i phi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u201cTai ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u201d [59] trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hai l\u1ea7n, v\u1eeba do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eeba do s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

37. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u201d. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.\u201d[60] K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 lan r\u1ed9ng \u201ctheo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5.\u201d[61] Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c\u201d,[62] ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d.[63] N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/em><\/p>\n

38. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh, ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i: \u201cC\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m [\u2026] \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh\u201d\u201d.[64] V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn k\u00e8m theo, chi\u1ebfn tranh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n: \u201cTrong khi t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bcon m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t, t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0y sang l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. \u201d[65] T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d.[66] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

39. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa!\u201d \u00bb,[67] v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, \u201cv\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0111\u1eebng gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi! \u0110\u1eebng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi! H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o! H\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! \u201d.[68] \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i \u1edf th\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1eefa! \u201d.[69] V\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u00f4gic v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d.[70] M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: \u201cAi k\u00eau c\u1ea7u danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i: chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n danh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d.[71]<\/p>\n

Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0<\/em><\/p>\n

40. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,[72] nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.[73] H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecd, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai kh\u00e1c. [\u2026] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n, k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, k\u00e9m nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh h\u01a1n\u201d.[74] Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eadt c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u201d [75] \u0110\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, m\u00e0u da hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d [76]<\/p>\n

Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

41. Vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m.[77]. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch bi th\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \u201cT\u00f4i t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e8n h\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ed1n coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh! Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa! Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p bi\u1ebft bao! Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n.\u201d[78]<\/p>\n

42. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cbu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khai th\u00e1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m \u2013, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang hy sinh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy danh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng xoa d\u1ecbu l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda n\u00e0y.\u201d[79] \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d [80]. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t theo hai c\u00e1ch: \u201cVi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n.\u201d[81]<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/em><\/p>\n

43. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 s\u00e2u xa g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o s\u00e2u xa trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3: Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y lan r\u1ed9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.\u201d[82] T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/p>\n

44. B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Trong khi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, th\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nam gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 nam gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, \u201cngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d[83]<\/p>\n

45. Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/em> v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 nhau, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00e0m, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong quy\u1ec1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.\u201d[84] Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u00e2n danh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hoan l\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u00e1m l\u1ee3i \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.\u201d[85] Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, l\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1 thai, v\u1ed1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con, r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a th\u00ea \u2013 nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em> nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u2013 v\u1ed1n tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1eefu\u201d? [86]<\/p>\n

46. Trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i n\u1eef gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n im l\u1eb7ng, h\u1ecd gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng. C\u1ea3m \u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. [\u2026] Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi anh ch\u1ecb em h\u00e3y chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.\u201d[87]<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1 thai<\/em><\/p>\n

47. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d.[88] D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00ean \u00e1n. [\u2026] Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean lu m\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1 thai trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, trong phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, l\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 vang l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t: \u201cKh\u1ed1n thay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea3o c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ng, s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i\u201d (Is 5, 20). Ch\u00ednh trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1 thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thai k\u1ef3\u201d, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng che gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c: ph\u00e1 thai, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa l\u00fac th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 khi sinh ra<\/em>\u201d[89] ]. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a sinh ra l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d [90] Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a sinh ra n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin, th\u00ec \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d [91]. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Calcutta trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai.<\/p>\n

Mang thai h\u1ed9<\/em><\/p>\n

48. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh mang thai h\u1ed9, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thai nhi trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mang thai h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd cam k\u1ebft ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d[92]<\/p>\n

49. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh mang thai h\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai, sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00e0nh trai hay g\u00e1i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, nh\u1edd ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao t\u1eb7ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 con kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cquy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 con\u201d v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng [93].<\/p>\n

50. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecbu theo n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111ang l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ham mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00ec ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

An t\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed<\/em><\/p>\n

51. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u . N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 an t\u1eed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng an t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d (\u201cdeath with dignity acts<\/em>\u201d). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng an t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

52. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy k\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u201cb\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n: nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d.[94] Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u1eabn mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p: \u201cS\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d.[95] V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ngay c\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng hay khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u1eed n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u01b0u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho. V\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu hay c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu.\u201d[96] Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, d\u00f9 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea1t b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n

53. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.[97] \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, [98] c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecf\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 mong manh ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.[99]<\/p>\n

54. \u1ede m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u00e1c \u00e1i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. [\u2026] \u201cCh\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh duy ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u2019 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. [\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y] c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u cho h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb.\u201d [100]<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/p>\n

55. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mong mu\u1ed1n \u201ct\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o\u201d.[101] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0, \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9, tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

56. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng (gender<\/em>). V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m, v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.\u201d [102]<\/p>\n

57. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tin M\u1eebng m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

58. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt: s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t: n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, trong c\u1eb7p nam n\u1eef, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

59. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi do l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0a ra. \u00dd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u201ccho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.[103] Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cgi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc (sex<\/em>) v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh (gender<\/em>) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi\u201d [104] V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi m\u01b0u toan nh\u1eb1m che gi\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u1eefa nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nam gi\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u201d.[105] Ch\u1ec9 khi m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y trong t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/em><\/p>\n

60. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em> r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/em> con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d.\u201d[106] M\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.[107] V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[108] Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh qua th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.\u201d[109] K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0o, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111e d\u1ecda ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee5 thai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 \u200b\u200br\u00e0ng khi sinh ra ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/em><\/p>\n

61. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 xem, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua tin t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vu kh\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qua m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, thao t\u00fang, khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan l\u00e0 web \u0111en<\/em>. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng qua m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng; trang web c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung khi\u00eau d\u00e2m v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u1edd b\u1ea1c.\u201d[110] B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean v\u1ecb: \u201cTrong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1ea9n danh. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf, ph\u1edbt l\u1edd v\u00e0 gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i\u201d. [111] Nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

62. Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n : \u201cTrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nhau h\u01a1n; gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n [cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026] C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch\u201d. [112]<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

63. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m ban h\u00e0nh Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/em> (1948), \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u201cgi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i \u0111i th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i. D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac! V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u201d.[113]<\/p>\n

64. Ch\u00ednh trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, qua Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/em>, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chung s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n minh.[114]<\/p>\n

65. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, trong khi c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb: \u201cTrong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d\u201d.[115]<\/p>\n

66. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ph\u1ee5c sinh, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trong l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4: \u201cT\u00f4i xin m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y \u0111i kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecd\u201d [116].<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4, trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn <\/em>\u200b\u200bd\u00e0nh cho v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00fd t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2024, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2024, v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma, t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2024, k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 19 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ed3ng y V\u00edctor Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez
\nT\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng Armando Matteo
\nTh\u01b0 k\u00fd B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2024<\/em>
\nPHANXIC\u00d4<\/em><\/p>\n

—————————————————————-<\/p>\n

                                                                      B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/em>
\nNh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o
\nTh\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>
\nCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\n\u01a0n g\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n
\nD\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho t\u1ef1 do<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>
\nM\u1ed9t quy chi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan cho t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb
\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n

4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/em>
\nChi\u1ebfn tranh
\nLao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0
\nBu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\nL\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c
\nB\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1eef gi\u1edbi
\nPh\u00e1 thai
\nMang thai h\u1ed9
\nAn t\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed
\nG\u1ea1t b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt
\nL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng
\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh
\nB\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

 ———————–<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00e1nh t\u00f2a Osnabr\u00fcck<\/em> (16\/11\/1980): Insegnamenti<\/em> III\/2 (1980), 1232.<\/p>\n

[2] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Laudate Deum<\/em> (ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2023), s\u1ed1 39: Osservatore Romano<\/em> (4\/10\/2023), III.<\/p>\n

[3] N\u0103m 1948, Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng qua Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/em>, bao g\u1ed3m 30 \u0111i\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb \u201cph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m l\u1ea7n, \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> v\u00e0 trong c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u 1<\/em>. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cg\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d (L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u 1<\/em>).<\/p>\n

[4] N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum novarum<\/em> (1891) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII, trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo anno<\/em> (1931) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XI v\u00e0 trong Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p N\u1eef h\u1ed9 sinh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00dd<\/em> (1951) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Dignitatis humanae<\/em> (1965) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gaudium et spes<\/em> (1965).<\/p>\n

[5] Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI, Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn <\/em>\u200b\u200bchung<\/em> (4\/9\/1968): Insegnamenti VI<\/em> (1968), 886.<\/p>\n

[6] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh<\/em> (28\/1\/1979), III.1-2: Insegnamenti II\/1<\/em> (1979), 202-203.<\/p>\n

[7] B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/em> (13\/2\/2010): Insegnamenti VI\/1<\/em> (2011), 218.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8] B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp chung l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 45 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Sala Clementina<\/em> (12\/6\/2010): Insegnamenti VI\/1<\/em> (2011), 912-913.<\/p>\n

[9] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii gaudium<\/em> (24\/11\/2013), s\u1ed1 178: AAS 105 (2013), 1094, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00e1nh t\u00f2a Osnabr\u00fcck<\/em> (16\/11\/1980): Insegnamenti III\/2<\/em> (1980), 1232.<\/p>\n

[10] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 8: AAS 112 (2020), 971.<\/p>\n

[11] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 277: AAS 112 (2020), 1069.<\/p>\n

[12] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 213: AAS 112 (2020), 1045.<\/p>\n

[13] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 213: AAS 112 (2020), 1045, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201cNh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i: Chinh ph\u1ee5c, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn\u201d<\/em> (10\/12\/2018): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (10-11 dicembre 2018), 8.<\/p>\n

[14] Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb <\/em>c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1966 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 an ninh v\u00e0 t\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/em>, n\u0103m 1975.<\/p>\n

[15] Xem \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/em> (1983), D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, 3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 1700-1876.<\/p>\n

[16] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 22: AAS 112 (2020), 976.<\/p>\n

[17] Bo\u00e8ce, Contra Eutychen et Nestorium<\/em>, c. 3: PL 64, 1344: \u201cpersona estrationis naturae individua substantia\u201d. Xem th\u00e1nh B\u00f4naventura, In I Sent.<\/em>, d. 25, a. 1, q. 2; th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, Summa Theologiae<\/em>, I, q. 29, a. 1, resp<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[18] V\u00ec Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n<\/em> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 R\u00f4ma c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu cho suy t\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

[19] X. ad es. Cic\u00e9ron, De Officiis<\/em> 1, 105-106: “sed pertinet ad omnem officii quaestionem semper in promptu habere, quantum natura hominis pecudibus reliquisque beluis antecedat [\u2026] Atque etiam si considerare volumus, quae sit in natura excellentia et dignitas, intellegemus, quam sit turpe diffluere luxuria et delicate ac molliter vivere quamque honestum parce, continenter, severe, sobrie” (Scriptorum Latinorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis<\/em>, ed. M. Winterbottom, Oxford 1994, 43; ” Trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u xa t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c [\u2026] V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ed n\u00e0o khi \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 xa hoa v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh khi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c, kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9.” (Des devoirs<\/em>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ch. Apphun, Garnier, Paris, 1933).<\/p>\n

[20] Xem th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI, L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Truy\u1ec1n Tin \u1edf Nadar\u00e9t<\/em> (5\/1\/1964): AAS 56 (1964), 166-170.<\/p>\n

[21] Trong s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n xem th\u00e1nh Cl\u00eament\u00ea th\u00e0nh R\u00f4ma, 1 Clem. 33, 4s: PG 1, 273; Th\u00e9ophile d\u2019Antioche, Ad Aut. T\u00f4i, 4: PG 6, 1029; th\u00e1nh Cl\u00eament\u00ea th\u00e0nh Alexandria, Strom<\/em>. III, 42, 5-6: PG 8, 1145; Ibidem<\/em>, VI, 72, 2: PG 9, 293; th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyon, Adv. Haer<\/em>. V, 6, 1: PG 7, 1137-1138; Origen, De princ<\/em>. III, 6.1: PG 11, 333; th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, De Gen. ad litt<\/em>. VI, 12: PL 34, 348. De Trin<\/em>. XIV, 8, 11: PL 42, 1044-1045.<\/p>\n

[22] Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, Summa Theologiae<\/em>, I, q. 29, a. 3, resp<\/em>. : ” persona significat id, quod est perfectissimum in tota natura, scilicet subsistens in rationali natura.”<\/p>\n

[23] Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Jean Pic de la Mirandola v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Oratio de hominis dignitate<\/em> (1486).<\/p>\n

[24] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 E. Levinas (1906-1995), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

[25] M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 XX, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh J.H. Newman, Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc A. Rosmini, J. Maritain, E. Mounier, K. Rahner, H.U. von Balthasar, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

[26] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n [\u2026] ng\u1ea7m g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d: \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em> (2009), s\u1ed1 115.<\/p>\n

[27] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 26: AAS 58 (1966), 1046; to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 11-22) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d.<\/p>\n

[28] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Dignitatis humanae<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 1: AAS 58 (1966), 929.<\/p>\n

[29] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 2: AAS 58 (1966), 931.<\/p>\n

[30] B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Dignitas Personae<\/em> (8\/9\/2008), s\u1ed1 7: AAS 100 (2008), 863. Xem th\u00eam th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyon, Adv. Haer.<\/em> V, 16, 2: PG 7, 1167-1168.<\/p>\n

[31] V\u00ec \u201cqua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 22: AAS 58 (1966), 1042), n\u00ean ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

[32] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 19: AAS 58 (1966), 1038.<\/p>\n

[33] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Evangelium vitae<\/em> (25\/3\/1995), s\u1ed1 38 : AAS 87 (1995), 443, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyon, Adv. Haer<\/em>. IV, 20,7: PG 7, 1037-1038.<\/p>\n

[34] Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ban cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u201cl\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d: xem S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em>, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 1213, 1265, 1270, 1279.<\/p>\n

[35] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Dignitatis humanae<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 9: AAS 58 (1966), 935.<\/p>\n

[36] Xem th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea th\u00e0nh Lyon, Adv. Haer.<\/em> V, 6, 1. V, 8, 1. V, 16, 2 : PG 7, 1136-1138. 1141-1142. 1167-1168; th\u00e1nh Gioan \u0110amasc\u00f4, De fide orth.<\/em> 2, 12: PG 94, 917-930.<\/p>\n

[37] B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Westminster<\/em> (17\/9\/2010): Insegnamenti VI\/2<\/em> (2011), 240.<\/p>\n

[38] Phanxic\u00f4, Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn <\/em>\u200b\u200bchung<\/em> (12\/8\/2020): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (13 agosto 2020), 8, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (2\/10\/1979), 7 v\u00e0 Id . , Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (5\/10\/1995), 2.<\/p>\n

[39] Xem B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Dignitas Personae<\/em> (8\/9\/2008), s\u1ed1 8: AAS 100 (2008), 863-864.<\/p>\n

[40] \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, T\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> (2019), s\u1ed1 38.<\/p>\n

[41] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ch\u00fac m\u1eebng n\u0103m m\u1edbi<\/em> (8\/1\/2024): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (8 gennaio 2024), 3.<\/p>\n

[42] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Evangelium vitae<\/em> (25\/3\/1995), s\u1ed1 19: AAS 87 (1995), 422.<\/p>\n

[43] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato si\u2019<\/em> (24\/5\/2015), s\u1ed1 69: AAS 107 (2015), 875, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 339.<\/p>\n

[44] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Laudate Deum<\/em> (4\/10\/2023), s\u1ed1 67: Osservatore Romano<\/em> (4 ottobre 2023), IV.<\/p>\n

[45] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 63: Osservatore Romano<\/em> (4 ottobre 2023), IV.<\/p>\n

[46] S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 1730<\/p>\n

[47] B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (1\/1\/2011), s\u1ed1 3: Insegnamenti<\/em> VI\/2 (2011), 979.<\/p>\n

[48] \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bH\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u201cC\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, s\u1ed1 137.<\/p>\n

[49] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 109: AAS 112 (2020), 1006.<\/p>\n

[50] H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u201cC\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, s\u1ed1 137.<\/p>\n

[51] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean Cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/em> (28\/10\/2014): AAS 106 (2014), 858.<\/p>\n

[52] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 107: AAS 112 (2020), 1005-1006.<\/p>\n

[53] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> (7\/12\/1965), s\u1ed1 27: AAS 58 (1966), 1047.<\/p>\n

[54] Ibidem<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[55] Ibidem<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[56] Xem Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 2267 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 2267 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh<\/em> (1\/8\/2018), c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 7-8.<\/p>\n

[57] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 269: AAS 112 (2020), 1065.<\/p>\n

[58] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo rei socialis<\/em> (30\/12\/1987), s\u1ed1 28: AAS 80 (1988), 549.<\/p>\n

[59]  B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> (29\/6\/2009), s\u1ed1 22 : AAS 101 (2009), 657, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Populorum progressio<\/em> (26\/3\/1967), s\u1ed1 9: AAS 59 (1967), 261-262.<\/p>\n

[60] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 21: AAS 112 (2020), 976, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> (29\/6\/2009), s\u1ed1 22: AAS 101 (2009), 657.<\/p>\n

[61] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 20: AAS 112 (2020), 975-976. Xem th\u00eam \u201cL\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a\u201d \u1edf cu\u1ed1i Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[62] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 116: AAS 112 (2020), 1009, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean Cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/em> (28\/10\/2014): AAS 106 (2014), 851-852.<\/p>\n

[63] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 162: AAS 112 (2020), 1025, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ea1nh T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh<\/em> (12\/1\/2015): AAS 107 (2015), 165.<\/p>\n

[64] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 25: AAS 112 (2020), 978, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 49, 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2016<\/em> (8\/12\/2015): AAS 108 (2016), 49.<\/p>\n

[65] Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Paris v\u1ec1 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6<\/em> (10\/11\/2023): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (10 novembre 2023), 7, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn <\/em>\u200b\u200bchung<\/em> (23\/3\/2022): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (23 marzo 2022), 3.<\/p>\n

[66] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc – khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (COP 28) (2\/12\/2023): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (2 dicembre 2023), 2.<\/p>\n

[67] Xem Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (4\/10\/1965): AAS 57 (1965), 881.<\/p>\n

[68] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Redemptor hominis<\/em> (4\/3\/1979), s\u1ed1 16: AAS 71 (1979), 295.<\/p>\n

[69] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 258: AAS 112 (2020), 1061.<\/p>\n

[70] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (14\/6\/2023): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (15 giugno 2023), 8.<\/p>\n

[71] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/em> (20\/9\/2016): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (22 settembre 2016), 5.<\/p>\n

[72] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 38: AAS 112 (2020), 983: \u201cDo \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201ct\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng di c\u01b0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d\u201d, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Di D\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u1ecb N\u1ea1n<\/em> (12\/10\/2012): AAS 104 (2012), 908.<\/p>\n

[73] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 38: AAS 112 (2020), 982-983.<\/p>\n

[74] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 39: AAS 112 (2020), 983.<\/p>\n

[75] B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> (29\/6\/2009), s\u1ed1 62: AAS 101 (2009), 697.<\/p>\n

[76] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 39: AAS 112 (2020), 983.<\/p>\n

[77] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 III v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c \u201cT\u00e2n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d trong s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 Pastorale officium<\/em> (29\/5\/1537), trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng \u2013 r\u1eb1ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, \u201cngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, [\u2026] v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u201d (\u201clicet extra gremium Eccelesiae t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, non tamen sua libertate, aut rerum suarum dominio [\u2026] privandos esse, et cum homines, ideoque fidei et salutis capaces sint\u201d): DH 1495.<\/p>\n

[78] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1i<\/em> (24\/5\/2013): AAS 105 (2013), 470-471.<\/p>\n

[79] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 188: AAS 112 (2020), 1036, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c<\/em> (25\/9\/2015): AAS 107 (2015), 1039.<\/p>\n

[80] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh U\u1ef7 nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0<\/em> (12\/12\/2013): Osservatore Romano (13 dicembre 2013), 8.<\/p>\n

[81] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> (11\/4\/2019): AAS 111 (2019), 700.<\/p>\n

[82] T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XV c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/em> (27\/10\/2018), s\u1ed1 29.<\/p>\n

[83] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 23: AAS 112 (2020), 977, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii gaudium<\/em> (24\/11\/2013), s\u1ed1 212: AAS 105 (2013), 1108.<\/p>\n

[84] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/em> (29\/6\/1995), s\u1ed1 4: Insegnamenti<\/em> XVIII\/1<\/em> (1997), 1874.<\/p>\n

[85] Ibidem<\/em>, s\u1ed1 5: Insegnamenti<\/em> XVIII\/1 <\/em>(1997), 1875.<\/p>\n

[86] S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 1645.<\/p>\n

[87] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i bu\u1ed5i m\u1eebng l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 C\u1eeda Th\u00e0nh<\/em> (20\/01\/2018): AAS 110 (2018), 329.<\/p>\n

[88] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin<\/em> (21\/1\/2022): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (21 gennaio 2022), 8.<\/p>\n

[89] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Evangelium vitae<\/em> (25\/3\/1995), 58: AAS 87 (1995), 466-467. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, xem B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Donum vitae<\/em> (22\/2\/1987): \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1eef cho ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, in vivo<\/em> (th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c in vitro <\/em>(trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/em>), v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (I, 4): AAS 80 (1988), 82.<\/p>\n

[90] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii gaudium<\/em> (24\/11\/2013), 213: AAS 105 (2013), 1108.<\/p>\n

[91] Ibidem.<\/em><\/p>\n

[92] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng n\u0103m m\u1edbi<\/em> (8\/1\/2024): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (8 gennaio 2024), 3.<\/p>\n

[93] Xem B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Dignitas Personae<\/em> (8\/9\/2008), s\u1ed1 16: AAS 100 (2008), 868-869. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Donum vitae<\/em> (22\/2\/1987): AAS 80 (1988), 71-102.<\/p>\n

[94] B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Th\u01b0 Samaritanus bonus<\/em> (14\/7\/2020), V, s\u1ed1 4: AAS 112 (2020), 925.<\/p>\n

[95] Xem Ibidem<\/em>, V, s\u1ed1 1: AAS 112 (2020), 919.<\/p>\n

[96] Phanxic\u00f4, Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn <\/em>\u200b\u200bchung<\/em> (9\/2\/2022): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (9 febbraio 2022), 3.<\/p>\n

[97] Xem \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 18-21: AAS 112 (2020), 975-976: \u201cS\u1ef1 g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d S\u1ed1 188 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u201d.<\/p>\n

[98] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 v\u00f5 T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a<\/em> (21\/10\/2017): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (22 ottobre 2017), 8: \u201cT\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi”.<\/p>\n

[99] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n Ng\u00e0y Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/em> (3\/12\/2020): AAS 112 (2020), 1185-1186.<\/p>\n

[100] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 187-188: AAS 112 (2020), 1035-1036, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/em>, (25\/11\/2014): AAS 106 (2014), 999, v\u00e0 Id., Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n, Bangui \u2013 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Trung Phi<\/em> (29\/11\/2015): AAS 107 (2015) 1320.<\/p>\n

[101] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em> (19\/3\/2016), s\u1ed1 250: AAS 108 (2016), 412-413, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 2358.<\/p>\n

[102] Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng n\u0103m m\u1edbi<\/em> (8\/1\/2024): Osservatore Romano<\/em> (8 gennaio 2024), 3.<\/p>\n

[103] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em> (19\/3\/2016), s\u1ed1 56: AAS 108 (2016), 334.<\/p>\n

[104] Ibidem<\/em>, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIV c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, Relatio Finalis<\/em> (24\/10\/2015), 58.<\/p>\n

[105] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em> (19\/3\/2016), s\u1ed1 286: AAS 108 (2016), 425.<\/p>\n

[106] S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 364.<\/p>\n

[107] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, xem B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb Ad resurgendum cum Christo<\/em> (15\/8\/2016), s\u1ed1 3: AAS 108 (2016), 1290: \u201cKhi ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c chia s\u1ebb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.\u201d T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, xem th\u00eam \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1nh chung h\u1ecdc<\/em> (1990), s\u1ed1 5: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

[108] Xem Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato si\u2019<\/em> (24\/5\/2015), s\u1ed1 155: AAS 107 (2015), 909.<\/p>\n

[109] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris laetitia<\/em> (19\/3\/2016), s\u1ed1 56: AAS 108 (2016), 344.<\/p>\n

[110] Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Christus vivit<\/em> (25\/3\/2019), s\u1ed1 88: AAS 111 (2019), 413, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XV c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c <\/em>(27\/10\/2018), s\u1ed1 23.<\/p>\n

[111] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 42: AAS 112 (2020), 984.<\/p>\n

[112] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 205: AAS 112 (2020), 1042, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 48<\/em> (24\/1\/2014): AAS 106 (2014), 113.<\/p>\n

[113] Phanxic\u00f4, Kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin (10\/12\/2023): Osservatore Romano (11 dicembre 2023), 12.<\/p>\n

[114] Xem \u1ee6y ban Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb<\/em> (1983), s\u1ed1 2.<\/p>\n

[115] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli tutti<\/em> (3\/10\/2020), s\u1ed1 195: AAS 112 (2020), 1038, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Id., T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii gaudium<\/em> (24\/11\/2013), s\u1ed1 274: AAS 105 (2013), 1130.<\/p>\n

[116] Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato si\u2019<\/em> (24\/5\/2015), s\u1ed1 205: AAS 107 (2015), 928.<\/p>\n

———————————————<\/p>\n

Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/p>\n

(ngu\u1ed3n: vatican.va<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2019, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cvi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,36,31,32,107,33,48,43,97],"tags":[96],"class_list":["post-29687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban","category-phai-tinh","category-tam-linh","category-ty-linh","category-van-kien-giao-hoi","category-dao-duc-sinh-hoc","tag-nhan-pham"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29687"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29726,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29687\/revisions\/29726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}