{"id":31031,"date":"2024-08-05T21:21:57","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T14:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=31031"},"modified":"2024-08-05T22:22:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T15:22:53","slug":"thu-cua-duc-phanxico-ve-vai-tro-cua-van-chuong-trong-dao-tao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/thu-cua-duc-phanxico-ve-vai-tro-cua-van-chuong-trong-dao-tao\/","title":{"rendered":"TH\u01af C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ee8C PHANXIC\u00d4 V\u1ec0 VAI TR\u00d2 C\u1ee6A V\u0102N CH\u01af\u01a0NG TRONG \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/em>\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Qua th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00ab \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c<\/em> \u00bb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00ab vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng <\/em>\u00bb. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh : \u00ab C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em> <\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng qua th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha l\u00e0 \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u0103n l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4\/8\/2024 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, trong c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch hay s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u201ct\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat thanh th\u1ea3n\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ed1t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh \u0111ang tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nghe nh\u00ecn trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa\u201d c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n phong nhi\u00eau, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh – v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin gi\u1ea3<\/em> \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c – \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ecdc thanh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi hay c\u0169, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1ch chung chung, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh, vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, th\u00f4ng qua v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

5. Qua l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng […] ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [\u2026]. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. [1]<\/p>\n

6. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

7. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1965, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 28, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Santa Fe trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y hai n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Le Cid<\/em>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc Garc\u00eda Lorca<\/em>. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc Le Cid<\/em> \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0, trong gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u01b0a th\u00edch. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng, khi h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 thu h\u00fat h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf th\u00edch chung h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u01a1 ca, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u00e1i tim t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. [2] Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 bi k\u1ecbch v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi kh\u00f3c cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang kh\u00f3c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc theo ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, linh ho\u1ea1t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

8. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cv\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt [\u2026] c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c\u201d. [3] Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d. [4]<\/p>\n

9. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ph\u1edbt l\u1edd, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh im l\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ph\u1edbt l\u1edd, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y bi k\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca?<\/p>\n

10. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau – th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng – trong \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u200b\u200bnh\u1eefng g\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy ng\u00e3 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ef1u, v\u1ed1n h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed-v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. [5] Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb1m gieo r\u1eafc n\u1ed7i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u t\u00ednh \u0111a \u00e2m c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

11. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Basile de C\u00e9sar\u00e9e, trong Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 370 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 375, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n – do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e9xothen<\/em> (\u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u201d) t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o – v\u1eeba v\u00ec t\u00ednh l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00f3goi<\/em> (\u201cc\u00e1c di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb\u201d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, v\u1eeba v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 pr\u00e1xeis<\/em> (\u201ch\u00e0nh vi, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u201d) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong tu \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu tr\u1ebb h\u00e3y coi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t eph\u00f3dion<\/em> (\u201cc\u1ee7a \u0103n \u0111\u00e0ng\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d (IV, 8-9). V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

12. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo Tin M\u1eebng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 <\/em>b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u00e2u xa n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra trong S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/em>, l\u00fac Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u1edf Ar\u00e9opage (x. Cv 17, 16-34), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cCh\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng, c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi s\u0129 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Cv 17,28). C\u00f3 hai tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1eabn gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Epim\u00e9nide (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Aratus of Silo (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1c ch\u00f2m sao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ca, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo Tin M\u1eebng. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athen \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tinh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon qu\u1ea1, k\u1ebb l\u1eafm chuy\u1ec7n, lang b\u0103m\u201d nh\u01b0ng, theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ck\u1ebb thu ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (x. Cv 17, 16), ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Athen l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cr\u1ea5t s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng trang v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> (preparatio evangelica<\/em>) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d. [6]<\/p>\n

13. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ckh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m \u1edf n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i, r\u1ed3i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d. [7] Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, [8] d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5c t\u1eed b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

14. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e2m linh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0ng, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vong th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d. [9] Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u201cth\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4: th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tay ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ef1 gan d\u1ea1: t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

15. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II n\u00f3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn bi\u1ebft bao: \u201cTh\u1ef1c ra, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3\u201d. [10] \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t <\/strong>thi\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/strong> l\u1edbn lao<\/strong><\/p>\n

16. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi: n\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

17. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch, nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

18. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u201ctrong ch\u00fang ta, trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang\u201d. [11]<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam trong th\u01a1 ca Hy L\u1ea1p, t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 con m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, tuy nhi\u00ean, khi t\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft\u201d. [12]<\/p>\n

19. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

L\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

20. Khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Argentina Jorge Luis Borges [13] \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta, thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 <\/em>\u200b\u200b<\/em>b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/em>. V\u00e0 Borges gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc; nh\u01b0ng, d\u00f9 sao, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nghe th\u1ea5y \u201cti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch: l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3<\/em>. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ebft bao khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ch\u00fang ta! Ch\u00fang ta ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ebfc \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n\u201d, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

21. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00e0o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1964? Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y.\u201d [14] Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

22. T.S. Eliot, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o mang \u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u201d lan r\u1ed9ng [15]. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ng\u00e0y nay tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tin \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau chuy\u1ebfn t\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc g\u00ec t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u01a1 ca\u201d. [16]<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

23. V\u1eady linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng? T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a paideia<\/em> (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c) linh m\u1ee5c? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Karl Rahner v\u1ea1ch ra, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1? [17]<\/p>\n

24. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. [18] Rahner vi\u1ebft: nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m\u201d, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edf ra cho s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho s\u1ef1 bao la. Ch\u00fang g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3, ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3.\u201d L\u1eddi th\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u201ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang hay gi\u1ea5u trong n\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 T\u1eadn\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 – Rahner n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp – \u201cl\u1eddi th\u01a1 c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u201d. [19] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mang d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb nhung n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i suy nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i<\/em> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (x. Dt 4, 12-13).<\/p>\n

25. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Karl Rahner c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 song song tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang giam c\u1ea7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: s\u1ef1 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng kh\u1ecfi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u201d . [20]<\/p>\n

26. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/em> v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> nh\u1eb1m m\u00e0i gi\u0169a nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 xem x\u00e9t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u01a1i m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m linh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u01a1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trang v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n\u201d.<\/p>\n

27. \u201cT\u00f4i g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n [\u2026] l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, thi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh an do nh\u1eefng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin, kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, khi linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m, bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d [21]<\/p>\n

28. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au bu\u1ed3n hay ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 \u00edch. Ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Loyola \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb x\u1ea5u sang x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n\u201d, th\u1ea7n l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y ra lo l\u1eafng, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. [22] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111i t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7n l\u00e0nh \u201cth\u00fac gi\u1ee5c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1eafn r\u1ee9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u2013 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri \u2013 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed\u201d [23] \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u1edbi c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

29. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, n\u01a1i ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t vong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean thi\u00ean<\/em>. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi \u201cph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3\u201d c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d qua nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc. [24] Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean s\u00e2n: h\u1ecd ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra qua h\u1ecd, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bao h\u00e0m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m. [25]<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

30. V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n\u201d \u2013 theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do Proust s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf [26] \u2013 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u201ckho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn lao\u201d m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cd\u00f9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn: \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d, [27] \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/em> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

31. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u201cgi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ch\u00fang ta. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u2013 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u2013 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo gi\u1ed1ng, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 sinh hoa tr\u00e1i theo th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t hay gai g\u00f3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft ngh\u1eb9t (Mt 13, 18-23). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed1i nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o \u0111i t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

32. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, phi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn lao v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, trong s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

33. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhai l\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111an s\u0129 Guillaume de Saint-Thierry v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Jean-Joseph Surin v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII. Jean-Joseph Surin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cd\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Michel De Certeau \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201csinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u00eau h\u00f3a\u201d. [28] V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u201cti\u00eau h\u00f3a\u201d n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m; do \u0111\u00f3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. [29]<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn qua \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

34. V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra: \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u201cnh\u00ecn qua \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d [30] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, chia s\u1ebb, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

35. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f3a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hay nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

36. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafp ch\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u \u0111ang ng\u1ee7, n\u1ed7i \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xoay x\u1edf b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, s\u1ef1 t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i qua \u00e1nh m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9, c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 n\u1ec1, c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 v\u1eabn tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bao dung v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

37. Jean Cocteau \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho Jacques Maritain: \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh-c\u0169ng v\u1eady\u201d. [31] Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t trong l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta? T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

38. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng duy t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. S\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u00e0 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ng\u0103n n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ecfi l\u00ean \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta: \u201cSao anh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i r\u00e1c trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u00e0 trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi ?\u201d (Mt 7, 3).<\/p>\n

39. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i hay mong manh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i suy ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Khi m\u1edf ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec3u, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khoan dung \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

40. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 quy ng\u00e3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m, d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh v\u00f4 \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n th\u1eadt\/gi\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang\/sai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u0169ng ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00c2n S\u1ee7ng: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

41. Trong nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5c t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe Ti\u1ebfng N\u00f3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

42. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh quy ng\u00e3, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh quy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ngay c\u1ea3 di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch giam c\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. L\u1eddi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 canh th\u1ee9c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1<\/em> (x. Kh 21, 5).<\/p>\n

43. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ph\u00f3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean\u201d cho c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (x. Stk 2,19-20). S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ph\u00f3 cho A\u0111am, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ngang qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean\u201d n\u00e0y, mang l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh soi s\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

44. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00ed t\u00edch huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng v\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Paul Celan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d. [32]<\/p>\n

Ban h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma, g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Gioan Lat\u00earan\u00f4, ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2024, v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n

PHANXIC\u00d4<\/p>\n

———————————–<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>T\u00fd Linh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh)<\/em><\/p>\n

(ngu\u1ed3n : vatican.va<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

——————————————-<\/em><\/p>\n

[1] R. Latourelle, Letteratura<\/em>, in R. Latourelle – R. Fisichella, Dizionario di Teologia Fondamentale, Assisi (PG) 1990, p. 631.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2] Cf. A. Spadaro, \u00abJ. M. Bergoglio, il \u201cmaestrillo\u201d creativo. Intervista all\u2019alunno Jorge Milia\u00bb, in La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica<\/em> 2014 I, pp. 523-534.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf  Gaudium et spes<\/em>, s\u1ed1 62.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4] K. Rahner, \u00abIl futuro del libro religioso\u00bb, in Nuovi saggi II<\/em>, Roma 1968, p. 647.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5] xem T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em>, s\u1ed1 6.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6] A. Spadaro, Svolta di respiro. Spiritualit\u00e0 della vita contemporanea<\/em>, Milano, Vita e Pensiero, p. 101.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7] R. Latourelle, \u00abLetteratura\u00bb, p. 633.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8] Th\u00e1nh Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129<\/em>, 4\/4\/1999, s\u1ed1 6.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9] T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em>, s\u1ed1 89.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[10] Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em>, s\u1ed1 22 \u00a7 1.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11] M. Proust, \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu – Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de chez Swann<\/em>, B. Grasset, Paris 1914, pp. 104-105.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12] C.S. Lewis, Lettori e letture. Un esperimento di critica<\/em>, Milano 1997, 165 .<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[13] Cf. Borges<\/em>, Oral<\/em>, Buenos Aires 1979.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14] Hom\u00e9lie, \u00ab Messe des Artistes \u00bb, <\/em>7\/5\/1964.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[15] The Idea of a Christian Society<\/em>, London 1946, p. 30.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[16]  Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha trong chuy\u1ebfn bay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb chuy\u1ebfn t\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/em>, ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[17] Cf. A. Spadaro, La grazia della parola. Karl Rahner e la poesia<\/em>, Milano, Jaca Book, 2006.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[18] Cf. K. Rahner, \u00abSacerdote e poeta\u00bb, in La Fede in mezzo al mondo<\/em>, Alba 1963, pp. 131-173.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[19] Ibid<\/em>., p. 171 s.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[20] Ibid<\/em>., p. 146.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[21] Th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Loyola, Linh Thao<\/em>, s\u1ed1 317.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[22] Cf. ibid<\/em>., s\u1ed1 335.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[23] ibid.<\/em>, s\u1ed1 314.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[24] Cf. K. Rahner, \u00abSacerdote e poeta\u00bb in La fede in mezzo al mondo<\/em>, Alba 1963, p. 141.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[25] Cf. A. Spadaro, La pagina che illumina. Scrittura creativa come esercizio spirituale<\/em>, Milano, Ares, 2023, pp. 46-47.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[26] Cf. M. Proust, \u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu. Le temps retrouv\u00e9<\/em>, Paris 1954, Vol. III, p. 1041.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[27] A. Spadaro, La pagina che illumina, <\/em>op. cit., p. 14<\/p>\n

<\/a>[28] M. de Certeau, Il parlare angelico. Figure per una poetica della lingua (Secoli XVI e XVII)<\/em>, Firenze 1989, p. 139.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[29] Cf. A. Spadaro, La pagina che illumina, op. <\/em>cit., p. 16.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[30] C.S. Lewis, Lettori e letture. Un esperimento di critica<\/em>, Milano 1997, p. 165.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[31] J. Cocteau \u2013 J. Maritain, dialogue sur la foi<\/em>, Firenze, Passigli 1988, p. 56. Cf. A. Spadaro, La pagina che illumina, <\/em>op. cit., p. 11-12.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[32] Microliti<\/em>, Milano 2020, p. 101.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,26,31,32,25,33,8,98,28,48,43,122],"tags":[137],"class_list":["post-31031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-giao-dan","category-linh-muc","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban","category-on-goi","category-tam-linh","category-the-gioi","category-tho-ca","category-tu-si","category-ty-linh","category-van-kien-giao-hoi","category-duc-tin-ly-tri","tag-phanxico-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31031"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31038,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31031\/revisions\/31038"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}