{"id":33108,"date":"2024-12-26T20:49:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=33108"},"modified":"2024-12-26T20:51:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T13:51:19","slug":"cac-nam-thanh-qua-dong-lich-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/cac-nam-thanh-qua-dong-lich-su\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C N\u0102M TH\u00c1NH QUA D\u00d2NG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u014db\u0113l, \u2018n\u0103m c\u1ee7a con c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u2013 s\u1eebng c\u1ee7a con c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ef1c) l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, lu\u1eadt M\u00f4s\u00ea truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai (m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i 50 n\u0103m.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-33080\" src=\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/porte4.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/porte4.jpeg 800w, http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/porte4-300x200.jpeg 300w, http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/porte4-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, sau N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1300, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Boniface VIII \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh R\u00f4ma t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00eament\u00ea VI (1342), t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i 50 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1389, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb s\u1ed1 n\u0103m trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c Urban\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chu k\u1ef3 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i 33 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u00eau m\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1390 \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Boniface IX, sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Urban\u00f4 VI.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u0103m 1400, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i chu k\u1ef3 50 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Boniface IX \u0111\u00e3 ban \u00e2n x\u00e1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 1425, \u0110\u1ee9c Martin\u00f4 V \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi, m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gioan Lat\u00earan\u00f4 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh theo chu k\u1ef3 50 n\u0103m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Nic\u00f4las V v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1450. \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh l\u00ean th\u00e0nh 25 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1475, m\u1ed9t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Xit\u00f4 IV. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nap\u00f4l\u00eaon \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1800 v\u00e0 1850.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875, sau khi s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Italy, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"La storia - Giubileo 2025\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Bayxz_fnJiY?start=34&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2015<\/strong>: <strong>\u0110\u1ee8C GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG PHANXIC\u00d4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Misericordiae Vultus <\/em>v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2015, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m k\u1ebft th\u00fac C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II. N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai m\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Trung Phi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh to\u00e0 Notre-Dame \u1edf Bangui v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 11, trong chuy\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng du c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025, l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh to\u00e0, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 trao quy\u1ec1n tha t\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 2000: \u0110\u1ee8C GIOAN PHAO-L\u00d4 II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1998, v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng s\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>Incarnationis Mysterium<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 2000. Trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen c\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin tha th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng khai cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma: h\u01a1n hai tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 tham gia. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1983: \u0110\u1ee8C GIOAN PHAO-L\u00d4 II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Aperite Portas Redemptori, <\/em>ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1983, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phao-l\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1950 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1975: \u0110\u1ee8C PHAO-L\u00d4 VI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phao-l\u00f4 VI quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp n\u0103m th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Apostolorum Limina <\/em>v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1974. Khi m\u1edf C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam Gi\u00e1ng Sinh n\u0103m 1974, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bvi\u1ec7c d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf v\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Byzantin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1ee5 Alexandria Melitone. Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, R\u00f4ma b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc quang c\u1ea3nh d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1950: \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 XII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1949, N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1950 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>Jubilaeum Maximum<\/em>. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng&nbsp;Pi\u00f4 XII&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 H\u1ed3n X\u00e1c L\u00ean Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3ng y \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dd v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed3ng y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, du l\u1ecbch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 De Gasperi c\u1ee7a Italy \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p &#8216;Th\u1ebb H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8217; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i Italy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1933: \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 XI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XI \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u2018N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1933, v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Quod Nuper, <\/em>nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 1900 n\u0103m c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1edbi 620 b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u01a1n hai tri\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 R\u00f4ma. Kho\u1ea3ng 500 toa t\u00e0u ho\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1925: \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 XI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XI, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1925 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc I<em>nfinita Dei Misericordia <\/em>v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1924. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i danh hi\u1ec7u \u2018Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Vatican nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Italy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1900: \u0110\u1ee8C LEO XIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Properante ad Exitum Saeculo <\/em>v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1899, \u0110\u1ee9c GI\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo XIII \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n v\u0169 n\u0103m 1900. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Italy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 Vua c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh trong \u2018Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Mi\u1ec7n\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hai th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 song h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Italia. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u1ee7a Italia c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh: c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai t\u1eeb Piedmont \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Sicily \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1875: \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 IX<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 IX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1874 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Gravibus Ecclesiae. <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, <em>&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Vua Victor Emmanuel II \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm R\u00f4ma, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1825: \u0110\u1ee8C LEO XII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1825, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1824 v\u1edbi S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh&nbsp;<em>Quod Hoc Ineunte<\/em>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Leo XII&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ee9c tin. H\u01a1n 325.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma. V\u00ec V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 Ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh (b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u0103m 1823) kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Santa Maria \u1edf Trastevere, cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1775: \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENTE XIV C\u00d4NG B\u1ed0, \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 VI CH\u1ee6 S\u1ef0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1774, v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Salutis Nostrae Auctor<\/em>,&nbsp;b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clemente XIV, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 VI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1775 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 2, ng\u00e0i long tr\u1ecdng khai m\u1ea1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam Gi\u00e1ng Sinh b\u1edfi v\u00ec To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng to\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1750: \u0110\u1ee8C B\u00caN\u00caDICT\u00d4 XIV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1749, N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1750 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>Peregrinantes a Domino<\/em>. C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb xa nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y \u1ea4n, Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Armenia. D\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0ng gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e1i v\u00f2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t Bernini \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y r\u1ef1c. 3000 c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&nbsp;Benedict XIV&nbsp;c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0110\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 (Via crucis) th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u&nbsp;<em>Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh<\/em>&nbsp;t\u1ea1i Colosseum, qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian linh thi\u00eang d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1725: \u0110\u1ee8C B\u00caN\u00caDICT\u00d4 XIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong su\u1ed1t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1725, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Redemptor et Dominus Noster<\/em>&nbsp;ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1724, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XIII th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf R\u00f4ma, \u0111i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 xe ng\u1ef1a khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c \u00e2n x\u00e1. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1725, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng R\u00f4ma t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Gioan Lateran, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 32 phi\u00ean. Trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang t\u1ea1i Piazza di Spagna (C\u00e1c B\u1eadc Thang T\u00e2y Ban Nha) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Santissima Trinit\u00e0 dei Monti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1700: \u0110\u1ee8C INNOCENT XII KHAI M\u1ede, \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENT XI K\u1ebeT TH\u00daC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Innocent XII c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1699, v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Regi Saeculorum<\/em>. L\u00fac khai m\u1ea1c, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh long tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ban c\u00f4ng Quirinale v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1700 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Clement XI (v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1700). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. D\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1nh v\u00ed R\u00f4ma v\u1edbi Paris v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1675: \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENT X<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clement X c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Ad Apostolicae Vocis Oraculum<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1674, Coloseum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p n\u0103m 1671 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00f2 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Christina c\u1ee7a Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u00f4i vua c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1655, theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Farnese. Kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1650: \u0110\u1ee8C INNOCENT X<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Appropinquat Dilectissimi Filii<\/em>&nbsp;ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1649, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Innocent X \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gioan Lateran b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Borromini. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y: \u00e2n x\u00e1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ec9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u1ea4n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Salvator et Dominus&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1654. Kho\u1ea3ng 700,000 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i sang C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1625: \u0110\u1ee8C URBAN\u00d4 VIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1624, v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>Omnes Gentes<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Urban\u00f4 VIII&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1625. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1625, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00e2n x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh (S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh&nbsp;<em>Pontificia sollicitudo<\/em>). V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 1, v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng&nbsp;<em>Paterna dominici gregis cura<\/em>, do nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda R\u00f4ma, cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Santa Maria \u1edf Trastevere. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma, ba nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh (Santa Maria del Popolo, Santa Maria \u1edf Trastevere v\u00e0 San Lorenzo \u1edf Lucina) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh (San Sebastiano, San Paolo v\u00e0 San Lorenzo). Kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1600: \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENT VIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1599,&nbsp;<em>Annus Domini Placabilis<\/em>. Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clement VIII&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i trong Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh, qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i leo l\u00ean Scala Sancta, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eefa \u0103n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa c\u00f9ng 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c m\u1eb7c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u00e0i 500 t\u1ea5m ch\u0103n ng\u1ee7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1600, h\u01a1n 80.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 m\u1edf C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1575: \u0110\u1ee8C GREGORIO XIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1575 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1574 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>Dominus ac Redemptor<\/em>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh sau s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 XIII canh t\u00e2n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o theo c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4. N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a trang n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Philip Neri. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1575 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 400.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8211; m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 R\u00f4ma ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 80.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1550: \u0110\u1ee8C PHAOL\u00d4 III C\u00d4NG B\u1ed0, \u0110\u1ee8C JULIUS III CH\u1ee6 S\u1ef0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Julius III \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 III, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Si pastores<\/em>&nbsp;ovium, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1550. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1525: \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENTE VII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh&nbsp;<em>Inter Sollucitudines<\/em>&nbsp;do&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Clement VII&nbsp;ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1524.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1500: \u0110\u1ee8C ALEXANDER VI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1500, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1498, T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Consueverunt Romani Pontifices <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi \u00e2n x\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp theo cho n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Inter multiplices <\/em>ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1499. T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1499, <em>Pastores Aeterni Qui<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u00f4 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n tha t\u1ed9i. Trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Alexander VI \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c khai m\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nghi th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh. Nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trong Tin M\u1eebng Gioan: &#8220;<em>Ta l\u00e0 C\u1eeda. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111i qua Ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u<\/em>.&#8221; \u0110\u1ee9c Alexander VI c\u0169ng ra l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ba V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ba V\u01b0\u01a1ng Cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u1edf ni\u00eam phong. C\u00e1c C\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o s\u0129 thay phi\u00ean nhau canh g\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1475: \u0110\u1ee8C PHAOL\u00d4 II C\u00d4NG B\u1ed0, \u0110\u1ee8C SIXTUS IV CH\u1ee6 S\u1ef0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1470, T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Ineffabilis Providentia, <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, Phaol\u00f4, Gioan Lat\u00earan\u00f4, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 C\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb 1475 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c n\u0103m th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i 25 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4 II.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1473, <em>Quemadmodum operose, <\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Sixtus IV \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1450: \u0110\u1ee8C NICHOLAS V<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Nicholas V \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0o 1450 v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Immensa et Innumerabilia, <\/em>ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1449. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u0103m th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i 50 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng phong th\u00e1nh cho v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4, th\u00e1nh Berna\u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Siena, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1390: \u0110\u1ee8C URBAN\u00d4 VI C\u00d4NG B\u1ed0, \u0110\u1ee8C BONIFACE IX CH\u1ee6 S\u1ef0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1389, T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Salvator noster Unigenitus <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Urban\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed7i 33 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u00ean s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1390 (l\u1ebd ra vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1400). Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, s\u1ef1 ly gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1390, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp Clemente VII \u0111ang tr\u00fa \u1ea9n t\u1ea1i Agvinon, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Clement VII \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, x\u1ee9 Catalan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland, b\u1eafc \u00dd v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai theo ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1350: \u0110\u1ee8C CLEMENTE VI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng s\u1eafc <em>Unigenitus Dei Filius, <\/em>n\u0103m 1343, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clemente, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n R\u00f4ma xin ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 100 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh cho n\u0103m 1350. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tai \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4 V\u0129nh C\u1eedu n\u0103m 1349, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n 1,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Anh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0102M 1300: \u0110\u1ee8C BONIFACE VIII<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi T\u00f4ng S\u1eafc <em>Antiquorum habet<\/em>, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1300, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Boniface VIII \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1300 l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, ra s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n R\u00f4ma vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 30 l\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u01a1n to\u00e0n x\u00e1, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i R\u00f4ma ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 15 cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t 2 tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3. Giotto, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch ho\u1ea1 trong <em>Loggia delle Benedizioni<\/em>\u2014hay ban c\u00f4ng ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh \u2013 \u1edf Vatican, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang tham gia v\u00e0o N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Cimabue. B\u1ee9c b\u00edch ho\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Giotto nh\u1eb1m ghi nh\u1edb bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Gioan Lanteran.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sau c\u00f9ng, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i Dante Alighieri, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>C\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>(ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iubilaeum2025.va\/en\/giubileo-2025\/giubilei-nella-storia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iubilaeum2025.va<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Trong Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u014db\u0113l, \u2018n\u0103m c\u1ee7a con c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/cac-nam-thanh-qua-dong-lich-su\/\" title=\"C\u00c1C N\u0102M TH\u00c1NH QUA D\u00d2NG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[205,8],"tags":[183,137],"class_list":["post-33108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-co-ngoc-hai","category-the-gioi","tag-nam-thanh-2025","tag-phanxico-i"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33110,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108\/revisions\/33110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}