{"id":36128,"date":"2025-07-25T00:01:46","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T17:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=36128"},"modified":"2025-07-24T20:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:11:34","slug":"duc-leo-iv-nguoi-trung-tu-roma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/duc-leo-iv-nguoi-trung-tu-roma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee8C L\u00ca\u00d4 IV, \u201cNG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u00d9NG TU R\u00d4MA\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV l\u00ean ngai t\u00f2a Ph\u00ear\u00f4, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 13 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV<\/em>. B\u00e0i 4: \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 IV.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n Borgo<\/em><\/p>\n

Sinh ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 790, v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Lombardie, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Saint-Martin \u1edf R\u00f4ma, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh H\u1ed3ng y d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Serge II, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 844 \u0111\u1ebfn 847. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 846, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sarrasins c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 R\u00f4ma, khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Serge II c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vatican.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 847, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 IV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Franc, nh\u01b0 phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh l\u0169y xung quanh Vatican. C\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 852, v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a “th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e9onin”, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng R\u00f4ma, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 846.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u<\/strong> l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed R\u00f4ma, s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u1edf Borgo – qu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Vatican \u2013 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Theo m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Liber Pontificalis<\/em> t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 IV \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 long tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ban c\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Borgo, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 847 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Raphael mang t\u00ean V\u1ee5 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n Borgo<\/em>. B\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Vatican trong Ph\u00f2ng Raphael, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1514 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1517. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u00e0y pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 vai tr\u00f2 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y li\u00ean minh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sarrasins, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 IV \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Amalfi, Gaeta, Naples v\u00e0 Sorrento. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i “Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb man di” trong tr\u1eadn Ostia, n\u0103m 849, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Raphael.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Lothaire I, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 840 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 855, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng trao v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cho con trai m\u00ecnh, Louis II le Jeune, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 850 \u0111\u1ebfn 855, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ngay sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha m\u00ecnh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 875. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng th\u1ea7n linh” c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f9ng tu R\u00f4ma\u201d, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7t danh sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00f2ng trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Paris, Lyon v\u00e0 Anh.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/em><\/p>\n

(theo Aleteia<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV l\u00ean ngai t\u00f2a Ph\u00ear\u00f4, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 13 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36130,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,48],"tags":[168],"class_list":["post-36128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","tag-cac-thanh-nhan-vat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36131,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36128\/revisions\/36131"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}