{"id":36273,"date":"2025-08-01T20:56:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T13:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=36273"},"modified":"2025-08-01T21:01:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T14:01:28","slug":"leo-xii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/leo-xii\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ca\u00d4 XII, V\u1eca GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG NGHI\u00caM KH\u1eaeC \u0110\u00c3 R\u1edcI B\u1ece QUIRINAL \u0110\u1ec2 V\u1ec0 L\u1ea0I VATICAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV l\u00ean ngai t\u00f2a Ph\u00ear\u00f4, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 13 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV<\/em>. B\u00e0i 12: L\u00ea\u00f4 XII.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Annibale Sermattei della Genga sinh ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1760 g\u1ea7n Ancona, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. L\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1783, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh cho Qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 – ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y nay, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Vatican. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 VI giao ph\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n cho Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u00c1o Joseph II v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1790. N\u0103m 1794, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 phong ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Kinh s\u0129 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4,v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1793 \u0111\u00e3 phong ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Tyre. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1794 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn Lucerne v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 S\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y S\u0129.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecb bao quanh b\u1edfi danh ti\u1ebfng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Napol\u00e9on. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong H\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1816 b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 VII v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m qu\u1ea3n R\u00f4ma. C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ee5 khanh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 VII, l\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng y Ercole Consalvi (1757-1824), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd v\u1edbi Napol\u00e9on v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p danh ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, Annibale Sermattei della Genga v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1823, l\u00fac 63 tu\u1ed5i, l\u1ea5y t\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 L\u00ea\u00f4 XII. Cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/a>, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn “m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft”. Trong m\u1eadt ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e9n \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y xem m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y v\u00e0 lo\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c b\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u00e1u n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh – m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh 25 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u2013 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u0103m th\u00e1nh 1800, 1850 v\u00e0 1875 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. L\u00ea\u00f4 VII mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1825 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang – v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n – \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 R\u00f4ma, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang h\u00f3a\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecbch thu quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi R\u00f4ma, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00e1c dinh th\u1ef1 v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Quirinal \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn dinh \u1edf Vatican, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, L\u00ea\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m “v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Tam \u0110i\u1ec3m trong s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 Quo Graviora<\/em>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 “h\u1ed9i k\u00edn carbonari”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9 de Chateaubriand, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea\u00f4 XII, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed1n M\u00e9moires d’Outre-Tombe<\/em>  c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201cL\u00ea\u00f4 XII, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba thanh th\u1ea3n v\u1eeba bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3, m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00f2ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vatican News<\/em><\/a> cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 252 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, theo nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u00e1nh L\u00ea\u00f4 C\u1ea3 (L\u00ea\u00f4 I), n\u01a1i v\u0103n bia c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2023, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 200 n\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XII l\u00ean ng\u00f4i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 \u1edf R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb, v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/em><\/p>\n

(theo Aleteia<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIV l\u00ean ngai t\u00f2a Ph\u00ear\u00f4, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 13 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng mang t\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36275,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,48],"tags":[168],"class_list":["post-36273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","tag-cac-thanh-nhan-vat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36273"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36277,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36273\/revisions\/36277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}