{"id":3812,"date":"2013-10-21T10:55:54","date_gmt":"2013-10-21T03:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=3812"},"modified":"2013-10-21T10:55:54","modified_gmt":"2013-10-21T03:55:54","slug":"tim-hieu-tai-sao-tan-phuc-am-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tim-hieu-tai-sao-tan-phuc-am-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U T\u1ea0I SAO T\u00c2N PH\u00daC \u00c2M H\u00d3A"},"content":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. N\u0103m 2010 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh lo th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2012 ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f3a 13 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cT\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d<\/em>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. Ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eadp B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, th\u00e1ng 2-2013, m\u1ee5c \u201cM\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb\u201d, linh m\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201cT\u00e2n<\/em>\u201d: T\u00e2n c\u00f3 12 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d, thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u00fac<\/em>\u201d: Ph\u00fac c\u00f3 9 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u may, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201c\u00c2m\u201d<\/em>: \u00c2m c\u00f3 11 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t ra b\u1edfi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng, tin t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201cH\u00f3a\u201d<\/em>: H\u00f3a c\u00f3 2 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t sau danh t\u1eeb hay t\u0129nh t\u1eeb th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, l\u00e0m cho tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu coi T\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hay c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, canh t\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu coi T\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1edbi: ta ngh\u0129 xem c\u00f3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ngay r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1edbi, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00fac \u00c2m duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 h\u00f4m qua, h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d (Dt,13,8). Ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00fac \u00c2m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00fac \u00c2m hay Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p euaggelion<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tin vui th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. Th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Evan: \u0111\u1ecdc Evan, s\u00e1ch Evan. Sau m\u1edbi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Linh m\u1ee5c Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cH\u1ed3i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 60 n\u0103m khi \u0111i l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch Evan. Khi \u0111i tu c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 55 n\u0103m t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m\u201d. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00eam 60, ch\u1eef Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp Vi\u1ec7t Nam: s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, rao gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Sang th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90, th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Tin M\u1eebng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf (xem Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng<\/em> s\u1ed1 73 th\u00e1ng 11 & 12). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 x\u01b0a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u; c\u00f2n Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng N\u00f4m, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tin l\u00e0nh, tin vui, nh\u01b0 tin tr\u00fang s\u1ed1, tin thi \u0111\u1eadu… Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo linh m\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh Tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec Tin M\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (tin chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tin vui, tin l\u00e0nh) c\u00f2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p may m\u1eafn tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t cho, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 Ng\u0169 Ph\u00fac hay Ph\u00fac L\u1ed9c Th\u1ecd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i th\u00edch t\u1eeb m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ee3i ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m thay Tin M\u1eebng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Tin M\u1eebng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng \u201cT\u00e2n Tin M\u1eebng h\u00f3a\u201d). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac \u00c2m bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y theo 3 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 <\/em>(c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em> (c\u00f3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em> (c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II)<\/p>\n

2.1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4<\/em>: l\u00e0 tin \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac do ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chia s\u1ebb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ma qu\u1ef7 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u1ed3i sa ng\u00e3 trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tin<\/em> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n trao cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i<\/em> b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 quy t\u1ee5<\/em> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 516-518). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u00e2u n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u hai t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng, Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng. C\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i<\/em> l\u00e0 k\u00e9o ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t do t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. C\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c<\/em> l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t. C\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a chung l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt linh h\u1ed3n, c\u00f2n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c. Hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f4m c\u1ed5, do c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u00e0 thay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1edbi, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Th\u1ef1c ra, theo linh m\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh Tr\u1ee5, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, b\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a qua t\u1eeb b\u1edd m\u00ea sang b\u1edd ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 hay m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p chung chung, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf hai t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t trong Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (xem T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Hu\u1ef3nh Tr\u1ee5).<\/p>\n

2.2 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em>, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c<\/em>do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em> nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e1ng sinh, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nadar\u00e9t, \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, ch\u1ecbu t\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha, v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2.3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch<\/em> ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Ta bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1edb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Aram v\u00e0 Hi L\u1ea1p, c\u00f2n s\u00e1ch th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Macc\u00f4, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Matth\u00eau, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Luca, sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo Th\u00e1nh Gioan, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i loan b\u00e1o cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Israel qua c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9a trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a: Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

3. Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng La tinh (evangelisatio), xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX b\u00ean \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, \u0111em Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00ean m\u1edbi (xem T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Loan B\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Ph\u00fac \u00c2m th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 men trong b\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba k\u1ec3, th\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00f3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn. Ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

3.1 Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, cho ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ra sao?<\/p>\n

a\/ Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/em> b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n<\/em> (ti\u1ebfng Aram), d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u1eeba th\u00e2m th\u00fay s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

b\/ Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> (t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

\u2013 V\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>: ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd Ch\u00faa Cha, lu\u00f4n li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Paul Tihon g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh. N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, mu\u1ed1i men c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (xem Paul Tihon, Pour lib\u00e9rer L\u2019Evangile,<\/em> trang 106).<\/p>\n

\u2013 V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>: Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, chia s\u1ebb, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecdn g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

c\/ \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/em> l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Palestin, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

d\/ K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tin theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao cho. Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0m vinh danh Ch\u00faa Cha, c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt sinh ra tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.<\/p>\n

3.2 Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em>. Nh\u1eadn hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, cho ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

a\/ C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian. Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng can \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111i loan bao Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n<\/em>, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Nh\u1edd n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng do Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 ban cho, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm l\u1eddi l\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u1edf Athen (Cv 17,22-32 ). L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Aram, v\u1ec1 sau ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/em> noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 – s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>, c\u00f9ng nhau chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, si\u00eang n\u0103ng tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 b\u1ebb b\u00e1nh, ca t\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Cv 2, 42.47) – s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a chung r\u1ed3i chia s\u1ebb cho nhau t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u (Cv 2,42-44 ) v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o \u201cs\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00ecnh\u201d (Gl 2,20). \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed5 sinh c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Do Th\u00e1i<\/em> nh\u01b0 Hi L\u1ea1p, R\u00f4ma hay c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Palestin. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n Do Th\u00e1i, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma d\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

d) K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4) khi\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf Gi\u00earusalem m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng. Khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i di t\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng chung quanh r\u1ed3i lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma. Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 4 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

3.3 Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 khi \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a trong 33 n\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay trong su\u1ed1t 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba d\u00e0i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, c\u1ea7n chia l\u00e0m nh\u00ec\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Xin chia ra 3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 2 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a, Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, cho ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

a\/ Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m<\/em> do s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em>nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Ph\u00fac \u00c2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II) l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, th\u00e1nh Hi\u00ear\u00f4nym\u00f4 l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Latinh \u0111\u1ec3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trong Kinh Tin K\u00ednh, L\u1ea1y Cha, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, Th\u00eam s\u1ee9c, Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1 t\u00f2ng<\/em>, d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 khai t\u00e2m cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

b\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/em> noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ec3: – \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa<\/em> v\u1eabn gi\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, suy g\u1eabm Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, l\u00e3nh c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, – \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, chia s\u1ebb cho nhau trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1c quy\u00ean, c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 (xem 2 Cr 8, 1-9,15), s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho Ph\u00fac \u00c2m b\u1eb1ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

c\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung quanh<\/em> c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma. Nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd (xem s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n \u0111o\u1ea1n 12 v\u00e0 13).<\/p>\n

d\/ K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/em>: Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hi L\u1ea1p, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Ph\u00fac \u00c2m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hi L\u1ea1p R\u00f4ma, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Lin\u00f4 k\u1ebf v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5<\/em>, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Giustin\u00f4, Ir\u00ean\u00ea, Augustin\u00f4\u2026 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa\u201d v\u00ec trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf R\u00f4ma<\/em> l\u00e0 Constantin\u00f4, n\u00ean Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma, v\u1ec1 sau ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf R\u00f4ma c\u00f2n ch\u1ecdn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u00fac \u00c2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 2, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft (C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Nix\u00ea v\u00e0 Eph\u00eax\u00f4). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tu d\u00f2ng (th\u00e1nh Ant\u00f4n tu r\u1eebng, th\u00e1nh B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4). C\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n mandi l\u00e0 di d\u00e2n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma \u0111ang chia r\u1ebd, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, cho ai, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

a\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, \u0111ang khi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n mandi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 sinh s\u1ed1ng, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea5y Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a d\u00e2n mandi, r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u ch\u00e2u. V\u00ec d\u00e2n mandi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p Latinh, l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a d\u1ef1 t\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

b\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0a chi\u1ec1u (Kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin), d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, \u0103n chay ki\u00eang th\u1ecbt, \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7u, h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c kinh L\u1ea1y Cha, kinh Tin K\u00ednh, kinh 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0110CT v\u00e0 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, kinh T\u00e1m m\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac th\u1eadt, kinh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 14 m\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap c\u00f4 nhi qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c binh l\u00ednh bi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb gian di\u1ec7t b\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n hay lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

c\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>: c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 t\u00f2ng, t\u00e2n t\u00f2ng, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n mandi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

d\/ K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/em>: Trong m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. R\u1ed3i khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n mandi th\u00ed\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII v\u00e0 XIII c\u1ea3 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9, n\u00ean sao nh\u00e3ng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a; c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u virus<\/em> phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai danh v\u1ecdng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chia r\u1ebd, khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tan r\u00e3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Phanxic\u00f4 Atxidi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp hai d\u00f2ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV v\u00e0 XVI gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129 m\u1ea3i m\u00ea lo nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n th\u1ea7n b\u00e1n th\u00e1nh (\u00e2n x\u00e1) v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c\u2026 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0: khi X\u00eada ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u nguy h\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khi b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i. C\u00e0ng xa r\u1eddi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng suy s\u1ee5p.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 3, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV \u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u0103m 1520 linh m\u1ee5c Lut\u00ear\u00f4 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang suy s\u1ee5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, ly khai kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Tin l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u0103m 1545 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 M\u1ef9 ch\u00e2u, Phi ch\u00e2u, \u00c1 ch\u00e2u, \u00dac ch\u00e2u, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i sai c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV- XVI).<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV): \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00fd tr\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi su\u1ed1t 400 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n 50 n\u0103m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u01b0a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, cho ai, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ra sao?<\/p>\n

a\/ Linh m\u1ee5c Lut\u00ear\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00ec nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng xa r\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea1y theo th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh ra ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00f2n C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a<\/em> l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129, tu s\u0129, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5, s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1edd Kinh, s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c cha x\u1ee9 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh (m\u00e3i t\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng). Khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i sai c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4, \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

b\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, l\u00e3nh c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

c\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em>, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n lo Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a cho nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u00c2u ch\u00e2u<\/em>, s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII tr\u1edf \u0111i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mau ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

d\/ K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/em>: Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Lut\u00ear\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ec7ch ra kh\u1ecfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c2u ch\u00e2u (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 40 tri\u1ec7u) ly khai kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Tin l\u00e0nh, g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay ch\u01b0a h\u00e0n g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng theo Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec su\u1ed1t 400 n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Hoa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c d\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u00f4ng b\u00e0\u2026 v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (\u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y). Cho t\u1edbi nay \u1edf \u00c1 ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3% l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc,vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. N\u00ean t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Galil\u00ea l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o khi \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (1633), (m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II n\u0103m 1992 m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i danh d\u1ef1 cho \u00f4ng), cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: Ph\u00e1p (1789) v\u00e0 Nga (1917); v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u00e2y ra hai cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 1914 \u2013 1918 v\u00e0 1939 \u2013 1945, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u1ea3 70 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau 2 th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn c\u1ecfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa 2 kh\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Uy t\u00edn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/em>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II (1965) gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tuy nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n 50 n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. D\u1ecbp N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 2000, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX cho t\u1edbi nay, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o y t\u1ebf (m\u00e1y hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed), giao th\u00f4ng (m\u00e1y bay si\u00eau thanh), truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng (vi t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2026), v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

4<\/strong>. T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m H\u00f3a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Qua ba s\u1ed1 1, 2, 3 ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, r\u1ed3i xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ta m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee9 xem qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec bi\u1ebft c\u00e2y\u201d (Mt 12, 33). C\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh hoa tr\u00e1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i bao gi\u1edd: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, h\u00f4m qua c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi\u201d (Dt 13, 8); nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Do \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, n\u00f3i cho c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh m\u1edbi<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay tin v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy v\u1eadt n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m lu\u00f4n \u1edf c\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch<\/em> (Ecclesia semper reformanda), m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. V\u1eady Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu mu\u1ed1n T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u00f2ng Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: L\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, xin ban cho con ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa xin ban cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh con, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 con. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho con m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1c, r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 long, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. Gi\u1edd n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, xin ban cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh con\u201d. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 600 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tu th\u00e2n th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 t\u1ec1 gia th\u00ec m\u1edbi tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 2000 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng chu to\u00e0n ba s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 l\u00e0: t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3. T\u01b0 t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n<\/em> chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thay nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap<\/em> cho \u0111\u1eddi; ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o<\/em> cho \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o<\/em> m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/em> cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y (x. Mt 20, 26-28). Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh sao cho gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ra gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ra gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c ra linh m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129 ra tu s\u0129, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ra gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n chu to\u00e0n ba s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc kinh xem l\u1ec5 theo \u0111\u00fang \u201cch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecf\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng loan b\u00e1o Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i quan li\u00eau, xa hoa, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c\u2026 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5i thay ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1nh Gioan t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu mua thu\u1ed1c \u0111au m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf m\u1eaft cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Kh 3, 13). Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Anh c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: B\u00e1c \u00e1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc (charity begins at home)<\/em>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf d\u00f9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn, hay \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tu th\u00e2n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n r\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 \u201cmu\u1ed9n c\u00f2n h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng\u201d (better late than never)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u00c2U H\u1eceI TH\u1ea2O LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/p>\n

1. T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Ph\u00fac \u00c2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a?<\/p>\n

3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n tham gia vi\u1ec7c T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a?.<\/p>\n

4. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n tham gia vi\u1ec7c T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a?<\/p>\n

5. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u1eafn t\u1eaft: s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 T\u01b0 T\u1ebf, s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4n S\u1ee9, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

6. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 trao cho m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ba s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

7. B\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

8. B\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tan r\u00e3?<\/p>\n

9. B\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n?<\/p>\n

10. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, giao th\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\u2026 v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a? C\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

[B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u <\/em>\u201cT\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d (2012)\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o 2013<\/em><\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c Ant\u00f4n Nguy\u1ec5n m\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 H\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Linh m\u1ee5c C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cT\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d, <\/em>th\u00e0nh Vatican, 2012<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u00e9o, Le Temps de J\u00e9sus, <\/em>Droguet-Ardant\/Fayard, 1989<\/p>\n

Lm Ant\u00f4n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac-\u00c2m-h\u00f3a. N\u0103m 2010 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh lo […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[150,139,46,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-can-tho","category-lm-nguyen-manh-dong","category-truyen-giao","category-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3812"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3813,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3812\/revisions\/3813"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}