{"id":6519,"date":"2015-03-14T06:40:48","date_gmt":"2015-03-13T23:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=6519"},"modified":"2015-03-14T06:40:48","modified_gmt":"2015-03-13T23:40:48","slug":"than-hoc-luan-ly-cua-bernard-haring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/than-hoc-luan-ly-cua-bernard-haring\/","title":{"rendered":"TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC LU\u00c2N L\u00dd C\u1ee6A BERNARD HARING"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Bernard Haring<\/strong> \u2013 \u201cMoral Theology of\u00a0 Bernard Haring\u201d by Charles E. Curran,\u00a0 in A New Look at Christian Morality<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 (Notre Dame: \u201cFides Publishers, 1968), pp. 145-157. Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef do Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, C.Ss.R.<\/p>\n

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Bernard Haring l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Va-ti-ca-n\u00f4 II. B\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng chung n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Haring ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Va-ti-ca-n\u00f4 II c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, cha Haring kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi n\u00e0o hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u00edt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cha Haring. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, cha Haring t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. “Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4”, b\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd g\u1ed3m ba quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cha Haring ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cha Haring c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi cho n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1edf trong “Vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gia Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd’, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a “Vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gia Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd” l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ho\u00e1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c canh t\u00e2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u00ed t\u00edch. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn B\u00ed t\u00edch Ho\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. B\u00ed t\u00edch Ho\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u01b0ng th\u00fa m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 v\u1ec1 B\u00ed t\u00edch Ho\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec h\u01a1i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u00ed t\u00edch Ho\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 D\u00f2ng t\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a “Vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gia Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd”. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t xem nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. Gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c canh t\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a John Michael Sailer (1751-1832) v\u00e0 John Hirscher (1788-1865). \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Tubingen \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tubingen n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf ngay t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1eeba \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eeba \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u1eb1m canh t\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Bernard Haring l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng canh t\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. “Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4”, c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Haring, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 7 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 8 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a cha Haring trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tubingen v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u00ean phong nh\u1eb1m canh t\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Cha Haring sinh \u1edf Botingen v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1912, th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb) \u1edf Ba Lan. M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng khung trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 300 trang m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 sang c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Cha Haring c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, song tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00ec v\u1eabn quy v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3ng t\u0129nh t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha Haring xem ra kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 ra cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng. Cha Haring c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eabn b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, song \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 cha Haring \u0111\u01b0a lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 canh t\u00e2n \u1ea5y v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Haring l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu giao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 D\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi – con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cha Haring. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, cha Haring mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft P\u00ealagi\u00f4 (Pelagianism) m\u00e0 l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea9n n\u00fap n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Ki-t\u00f4. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n khi\u00eam nhu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a cha Haring li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 ph\u1ee5c sinh. Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u00ed t\u00edch – ex opere operato – \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y: \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn b\u00ed t\u00edch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. L\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh L\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng minh nhi\u00ean. T\u1eeb khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u00ed t\u00edch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p. Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eabn nhau. S\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, tr\u1eeb phi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ng\u1ee3i khen Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i (metanoia), chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y mang t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Qua ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tin M\u1eebng – Tin M\u1eebng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9!<\/p>\n

Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a anh em m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n r\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Tin M\u1eebng th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec m\u1ecdi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, n\u00ean cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u00f4m na \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi linh h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a V\u1ecb Ch\u00faa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00ec Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 mang chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a cha Haring v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. M\u1ecdi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n mang chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho s\u1ef1 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, lu\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Haring. \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00cdt-ra-en m\u1edbi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfu trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb cho nhau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Agape) ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng chia s\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e1m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf. Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. B\u1edfi l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf th\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc chung, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi . Cha Haring th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt chung c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o; song lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su Ki-t\u00f4. Trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0y, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, theo nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc tu\u1ef3 tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean Kairos l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong t\u1eebng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kairos kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn chung, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng chia s\u1ebb cho nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. H\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh ra. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong v\u00e0 qua th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, song m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 quy v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Song con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ri\u00eang th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a an t\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u1edbt l\u1edd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i. Ri\u00eang cha Haring th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, song nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch quan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed9i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i th\u00ec lu\u00f4n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u1ed9i gian d\u00e2m. Cha Haring kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 sai, song t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, metanoia hay s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. H\u00e0nh vi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 cho ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng (mortal sin) v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 (venial sin). T\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nguy t\u1eed th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1edf m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng (grave sin) v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm (t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp, ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh) th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eb9 (n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng) th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu gi\u1eefa t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng hay t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean can \u1ea5y n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9. V\u00ec t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (fundamental option) cu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb “t\u1ed9i”trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac t\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1edf m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t), nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u khi t\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi sai l\u1ed7i ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai). H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha Haring ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb “t\u1ed9i” \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1edbt \u0111i s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u1ea5n l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u1ea5y. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o do c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kinh vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e1nh Thomas \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt tr\u1eeb, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m do Th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebb l\u00f2ng ngay v\u00e0 k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt. Nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 am hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb. Cha Haring v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c epikeia trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt. Epikeia \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cha Haring \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ra sao? N\u00f3i chung, cha Haring ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, song ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh \u1ee9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u00fat ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 linh h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cha Haring c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tinh d\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 trung th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1 thai, ly d\u1ecb v.v\u2026th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n, cha Haring th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee7 quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Cho d\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi sai, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ngay l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i. Cha Haring c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho chu to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, th\u00ec anh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft m\u1edf ra cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 anh \u1ea5y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, ch\u1ea3 l\u1ebd cha Haring lai kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 quan nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nan gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu (hay an t\u1eed). V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1eadt, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi . Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tranh lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, li\u00eam s\u0129 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4” c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 15 n\u0103m. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn lao trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho cha Haring v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II. Tuy nhi\u00ean, “Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4” \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft uy\u00ean th\u00e2m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a kinh vi\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan giao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cha Haring c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa l\u00e0 khoa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cha Haring r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay. T\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cha Haring c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u00e0i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

“Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 \u2013 The Law of Christ” b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, cha Haring d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh, l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf, quy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t (Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4) k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cha Haring. Cha Haring v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5, v\u00ec khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef th\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n ba n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y chia \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh hai ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 “S\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa”, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi r\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 “Y\u00eau trong t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Hu\u1ed1ng chi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n g\u1ecdi cha Bernard Haring l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Haring hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cha Haring \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II, cha Haring ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vaticano II, Cha Haring \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

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Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Bernard Haring \u2013 \u201cMoral Theology of\u00a0 Bernard Haring\u201d by Charles E. Curran,\u00a0 in A New Look at Christian Morality\u00a0 (Notre […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-tran-manh-hung","category-luan-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6521,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6519\/revisions\/6521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}