{"id":6695,"date":"2015-05-07T15:52:10","date_gmt":"2015-05-07T08:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=6695"},"modified":"2015-05-12T08:24:32","modified_gmt":"2015-05-12T01:24:32","slug":"mot-nhan-thuc-moi-ve-tinh-duc-con-nguoi-theo-nhan-quan-than-hoc-va-thanh-kinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/mot-nhan-thuc-moi-ve-tinh-duc-con-nguoi-theo-nhan-quan-than-hoc-va-thanh-kinh\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed8T NH\u1eacN TH\u1ee8C M\u1edaI V\u1ec0 T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C CON NG\u01af\u1edcI THEO NH\u00c3N QUAN TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC V\u00c0 TH\u00c1NH KINH"},"content":{"rendered":"

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao? N\u00f3i chung, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lan ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Israel v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, th\u00ec Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi <\/span>c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i v\u1ed1n xem con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/strong>. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u00e0y v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, ng\u00e0i tuy l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t am hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy l\u1ea1p l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

I. <\/span>\u1ea2NH H\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A TRI\u1ebeT H\u1eccC TRUNG C\u1ed4 \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C<\/span><\/strong><\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Platon, tri\u1ebft gia Hy l\u1ea1p, trao cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Platon thuy\u1ebft. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Platon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n (ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n), ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Theo h\u1ecd, c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec x\u1ea5u; th\u1eadt v\u1eady, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, <\/span>Platon<\/span><\/strong> xem <\/span>th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa \u1ea5y<\/span><\/strong>. Qua trung gian c\u1ee7a <\/span>Augustin\u00f4<\/span><\/strong> (A.D. 354-430), Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Platon li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i x\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, <\/span>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa<\/span><\/strong>. Trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n (linh h\u1ed3n) v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 (A.D. 1225-1274), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a <\/span>Aristote<\/span><\/strong>, tri\u1ebft gia Hy l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Aristote v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00f4ma g\u1eb7p nhau trong kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, hay m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n. C\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 <\/span>\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/strong> v\u00e0 <\/span>m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/strong>, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh hay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y? Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? V\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 <\/span>t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng cho tr\u1ebb em m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi <\/span>c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng con c\u00e1i<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u01a1i gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, vv. H\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a> N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a> Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm <\/span>m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n quan th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

II. T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C CON NG\u01af\u1edcI THEO NH\u00c3N GI\u1edaI TH\u00c1NH KINH <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>1. GI\u00c1O HU\u1ea4N C\u1ef0U \u01af\u1edaC <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nam n\u1eef trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt) trong qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn giao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt Gia-v\u00edt<\/span><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m <\/span>(St 2-3)<\/span><\/strong>. \u1ede \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Gia-v\u00ea l\u00e0 \u2018<\/span>adam<\/span><\/em>, c\u00f3 nam c\u00f3 n\u1eef: \u201c<\/span><\/strong>Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nam c\u00f3 n\u1eef, Ng\u00e0i ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u2018<\/span>adam<\/span><\/em>\u2019\u201d (St 5,2). S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Giav\u00ea g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef l\u00e0 \u2018adam\u2019, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u1edfi th\u1ecbt t\u00f4i\u201d (St 2,23), v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c<\/span>m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/strong>\u201d (St 2,24).<\/span><\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gia-v\u00edt trong S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 950 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u01b0 T\u1ebf trong S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 550 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn <\/span>s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/strong>adam<\/span><\/em><\/strong> \u201ctheo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nam c\u00f3 n\u1eef\u201d (St 1,27).<\/span><\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean <\/span>adam<\/span><\/em> v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, <\/span>adam<\/span><\/em>, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span><\/strong>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh. V\u1ec1 sau, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb m\u00e8 nheo b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Do th\u00e1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nghi ng\u1edd. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

2. T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C T\u1ea0O N\u00caN C\u00d3 T\u00cdNH THI\u00caNG TH\u00c1NH <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, <\/span>tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gia-v\u00edt \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan<\/span><\/strong>. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u201d (St 2,18). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng <\/span>ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 <\/span>t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a hai b\u00ean <\/span>trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u1edfi th\u1ecbt t\u00f4i\u201d (2,23), h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n.<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m sau, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u01b0 T\u1ebf cho bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho <\/span>adam<\/span><\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho h\u1ecd \u201csinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3\u201d (1,28). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00fac ph\u00fac: v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e3i m\u00e3i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u01b0 T\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh sinh s\u1ea3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con c\u00e1i l\u1eabn trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m s\u0103n s\u00f3c ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/span>, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi hai vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, hai l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau<\/span><\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y hai vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 Hy-La. <\/span>Musonius Rufus<\/span><\/strong>, thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n, hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/span>[11]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan (m\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n) th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ea5u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau. Khi y\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u00ecnh, cha m\u1eb9 \u0111ang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n linh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ra n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c n\u00f3.<\/span>[12]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i trang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gi\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ed1n xem t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 hai gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nhau, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 sinh hoa qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1ebb phong ph\u00fa n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n n\u01a1i t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n linh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u2013 hay kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n th\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>n\u00f3i h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 khi cho <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>r\u1eb1ng: ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n sinh. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a phong ph\u00fa b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c th\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong c\u1ee7a sinh s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma cho \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u2013 t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngang nhau. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec1u 1013 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt 1917, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201c<\/span>m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 sinh v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span><\/em>.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, <\/span>tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, sinh s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai<\/span><\/strong>. Trong <\/span>Gaudium et Spes<\/span><\/em> (Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay), ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trong nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. <\/span>C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/span><\/strong> g\u1ecdi <\/span>h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 <\/span>m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/em><\/strong>v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (GS, s\u1ed1 47). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady <\/span>ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a> Thay v\u00ec nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n theo ngh\u0129a giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed. N\u00f3 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 T\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i\u201d (GS, s\u1ed1 49).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00e1 v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/strong>. \u201cDo ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong con c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d (GS, s\u1ed1 48).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, <\/span>C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/strong>Vatican II<\/span><\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, cho d\u00f9 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span><\/span>[14]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

III. M\u1ed8T T\u1ed4NG QUAN TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC V\u1ec0 T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C CON NG\u01af\u1edcI <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a M\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc V\u1ec1 T\u00ednh D\u1ee5c Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban t\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch sai tr\u00e1i. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, m\u1ecdi qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ednh c\u00f3-th\u1ec3-b\u1ecb-l\u1ea1m-d\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c che m\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng: <\/span>t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/span><\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf ngay \u0111\u1ea7u Th\u00e1nh Kinh, trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean kia.<\/span><\/span>[15]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 hai trong t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 <\/span>qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/span><\/strong>. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng tr\u00f9m ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (hay mang t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu th\u1ec3) c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/span>[16]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c; kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span>[17]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a <\/span>l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>[18]<\/span><\/a> S\u1edf d\u0129 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft, <\/span>th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i <\/span>Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/span><\/strong>. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <\/span>Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4<\/span><\/strong>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Augustin\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o Manik\u00ea. Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Manik\u00ea, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Augustin\u00f4 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ngay c\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4 (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng xem t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u) s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong ng\u00f3t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m.<\/span>[19]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    Trong ph\u1ea1m vi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i <\/span>Gians\u00eanit<\/span><\/strong> \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. <\/span>Gians\u00eanit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Gians\u00eanit b\u1ecb<\/span><\/strong>ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khai t\u1eed. Gians\u00eanit c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eafm vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o M\u1ef9 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i Gians\u00eanit, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o M\u1ef9 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 <\/span>gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/span><\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u.<\/span><\/span>[20]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea5y l\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o g\u1ee3i l\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span>[21]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, gi\u00fap th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng <\/span>l\u00fd do, t\u1ea1i sao ta <\/span>b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n: v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u1ed1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ee9 hai, trong khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Manik\u00ea, th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u. Th\u1ee9 ba, trong khi c\u1ea3 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y. Trong khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ca ng\u1ee3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/span>[22]<\/span><\/a> Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tu\u1ed1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c hay h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 90 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma ch\u1ec9 sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span>[23]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 l\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u2013 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c.<\/span>[24]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (1Ga 4,16), v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, <\/span>trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh Do th\u00e1i<\/span><\/strong>, <\/span>t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/span>[25]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. <\/span>T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t thi\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/strong>. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng <\/span>m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>[26]<\/span><\/a> S\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng, s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i y\u00eau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i y\u00eau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean trong h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i.<\/span>[27]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    Hy v\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n<\/span> nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh bao qu\u00e1t ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra cho m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ai v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ai h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c to\u00e0n b\u00edch trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u2018\u0111ang h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 th\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, <\/span>v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra nh\u01b0 sau<\/span><\/strong>: T\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 thi\u00ean b\u1ea9m l\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (tr\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00ecnh), v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i), v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thi\u00eang th\u00e1nh? <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/span><\/strong>, khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <\/span>c\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u1ec1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh hay lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span>[28]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 Ba Ng\u00f4i (kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay b\u00ean trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. V\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u2018tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\u2019 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/span>[29]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y, ta h\u00e3y n\u00eau b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t . Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 <\/span>tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/strong>. Ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1eadp trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/span>[30]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 <\/span>t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

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    Lm Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Melbourne, \u00dac Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 03.7.2014.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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    [1]<\/span><\/a> C\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hy l\u1ea1p ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 Platon v\u00e0 Aristote \u0111\u1ec1u xem kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Plato, <\/span>Republic<\/span><\/em>, IX, <\/span>The Symposium, and the Laws. <\/span><\/em>Aristotle, <\/span>Nichomachean Ethics, <\/span><\/em>III. Cf. Todd Salzman and Michael Lawler, <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.10. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [2]<\/span><\/a> Xem: Vincent J. Genovesi, S.J. <\/span>In Pursuit of Love<\/span><\/em> (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, Inc., 1987), pp. 134-135.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [3]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1edfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a anh ta hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. Xem Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/span>Deus Caritas Est<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. (Strathfiled, NSW: St. Pauls Publications, 2006), pp.10-11. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [4]<\/span><\/a> V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec \u201cm\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.\u201d Xem: <\/span>Persona Humana \u2013 Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics <\/span><\/em>(1976). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u201cm\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.\u201d <\/span>Humanae Vitae<\/span><\/em>, 11. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n. <\/span>Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong> thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 <\/span>n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/strong>; t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Xem: Vincent J. Genovesi, S.J. <\/span>In Pursuit of Love<\/span><\/em> (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, Inc., 1987), p.136; also Todd Salzman and Michael Lawler, <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.11.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [5]<\/span><\/a> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n khi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan-tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qui lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Xem: Todd Salzman v\u00e0 Michael Lawler, <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.9; xem th\u00eam: Richard M. Gula,<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cTwo Strains of Interpretation of Natural Law and Implications for Moral Norms,\u201d trong<\/span> Reason Informed by Faith<\/span><\/em> (New York: Paulist Press, 1989), pp. 239-240.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [6]<\/span><\/a> Philip S. Keane, S.S., <\/span>Sexual Morality: A Catholic Perspective<\/span><\/em> (New York: Paulist Press, 1977), p. 3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [7]<\/span><\/a> Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n x\u00e1c trong giao h\u1ee3p. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u2018tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u2019, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, <\/span>v\u00ec \u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Do th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb<\/span><\/strong>. Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, H\u1ed3ng y Bernard Alfrink, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Do th\u00e1i <\/span>dabag<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, t\u1ee9c <\/span>kollao<\/span><\/em><\/strong> trong Hy ng\u1eef, <\/span>h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/strong>.\u201d Xem: Todd Salzman v\u00e0 Michael Lawler, <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.17.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [8]<\/span><\/a> Xem:<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Todd Salzman v\u00e0 Michael Lawler,<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.16.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [9]<\/span><\/a> Ibid., p. 18.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [10]<\/span><\/a> Raymond F. Collins ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1edf Israel b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Israel \u0111\u00f4ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a d\u00e0nh cho Abraham.\u201d Xem: Raymond F. Collins, <\/span>Christian Morality: Biblical Foundations <\/span><\/em>(Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986), p. 176.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [11]<\/span><\/a> Xem: Todd Salzman v\u00e0 Michael Lawler,<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>The Sexual Person: Toward a Renewed Catholic Anthropology<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>(Washington D.C.: Georgetown Uni. Press, 2008), p.18. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [12]<\/span><\/a> Xem: Jack Dominian, <\/span>Sexual Integrity: The Answer to AIDS<\/span><\/em> (Melbourne, Australia: Collins Dove, 1987), pp. 128-130.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [13]<\/span><\/a> Sau g\u1ea7n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn xem h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t <\/span>c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/em>. C\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vatican II v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong <\/span>Gaudium et Spes<\/span><\/em> (s\u1ed1 47 \u2013 51), cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [14]<\/span><\/a> C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cdo ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y vinh d\u1ef1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (<\/span>Gaudium et Spes<\/span><\/em>, 48). R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1eef ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u00e1i t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u201ct\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i,\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n,\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n\u201d (<\/span>Gaudium et Spes<\/span><\/em>, 50). Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh trong <\/span>B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em> m\u1edbi (1983) qua tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c<\/span>Giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i\u201d (GL. 1055,1). H\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn ba \u0111i\u1ec1u. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh <\/span>giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i <\/span>m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ea3n. Th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong <\/span>Gaudium et Spes<\/span><\/em>, thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu hay t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc canh t\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Manik\u00ea theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean. Xem: Lisa Sowle Cahill, \u201cCurrent Teaching on Sexual Ethics,\u201d trong Charles Curran v\u00e0 Richard McCormick (eds.), <\/span>Dialogue About Catholic Sexual Teaching <\/span><\/em>(New York: Paulist Press, 1993), p. 528.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [15]<\/span><\/a> \u1ede ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 ta th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i: \u201cTa h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ta v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ta, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n chim tr\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i c\u1ea7m th\u00fa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026\u201d Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ng\u00e0i\u2026 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef (St 1,26-27). Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (St 1,31). T\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [16]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/span>Deus Caritas Est<\/span><\/em>, (Strathfiled, NSW: St. Pauls Publications, 2006), pp.13-14.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [17]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft, xin xem: Charles E. Curran, \u201cOfficial Catholic Social and Sexual Teachings: A Methodological Comparison,\u201d trong Charles E. Curran v\u00e0 Richard A. McCormick, (eds.),<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>Readings in Moral Theology<\/span><\/em>, No. 8 (New York: Paulist Press, 1993), pp. 536-558. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [18]<\/span><\/a> Ba l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 <\/span>Manichaeism<\/span><\/strong>, <\/span>Albigensianism<\/span><\/strong>, v\u00e0 <\/span>Jansenism<\/span>. <\/strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd (hay hai v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng nhau, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ec7n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u1eef l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac, Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c sinh con c\u00e1i, v\u00ec con c\u00e1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Xem: Philip S. Keane, S.S., <\/span>Sexual Morality: A Catholic Perspective<\/span><\/em> (New York: Paulist Press, 1977), pp. 6-7.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [19]<\/span><\/a> Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [20]<\/span><\/a> Philip S. Keane, S.S., <\/span>Sexual Morality: A Catholic Perspective<\/span><\/em> (New York: Paulist Press, 1977), p.7.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [21]<\/span><\/a> Ibid, p. 8.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [22]<\/span><\/a> Xem: Jack Dominian, <\/span>Sexual Integrity: The Answer to AIDS<\/span><\/em> (Melbourne, Australia: Collins Dove, 1987), pp. 134-136.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [23]<\/span><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t theo quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Xem: Jack Dominian, <\/span>Sexual Integrity: The Answer to AIDS<\/span><\/em> (Melbourne, Australia: Collins Dove, 1987), pp. 134-136. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 Cha Kevin Kelly nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quy\u1ec3n <\/span>New Directions in Moral Theology <\/span><\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u2013 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.\u201d Xem: Kevin T. Kelly, <\/span>New Directions in Moral Theology. <\/span><\/em>(London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1992), chapter 5, pp. 86-103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [24]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft, xem Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/span>Deus Caritas Est<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI, (Strathfiled, NSW: St. Pauls Publications, 2006), pp. 1-27.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [25]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb khi th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/span>Deus Caritas Est<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau (eros, philia v\u00e0 agape) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00e1 v\u1ecb\u2026 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span>eros<\/span><\/em>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 <\/span>agape<\/span><\/em>. Ibid., pp. 18-19.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [26]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/span>Deus Caritas Est, <\/span><\/em>p.13.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [27]<\/span><\/a> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i r\u1ea5t hay c\u1ee7a Jack Dominian vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a giao h\u1ee3p. Xem: Jack Dominian, \u201cSexuality and Interpersonal Relationships,\u201d in Joseph A. Selling (ed.), <\/span>Embracing Sexuality: Authority and Experience in the Catholic Church <\/span><\/em>(England: Ashgate Publishing Inc., 2001), pp. 3-21.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [28]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 n\u00f3i, h\u00e3y y\u00eau r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec hay c\u01b0 x\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [29]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201c<\/span>\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u00f4i d\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 do nh\u1eefng sai tr\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/span><\/em>.\u201d xem: <\/span>Thich Nhat Hanh, <\/span>The Third Precept: Sexual Responsibility. <\/span><\/span>http:\/\/dharma.ncf.ca\/introduction\/precepts\/precept-3.html<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 <\/span>(truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 6, 2014).<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [30]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Do th\u00e1i xem nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh than.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,87,31,107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-le-cong-duc","category-lm-tran-manh-hung","category-luan-ly","category-phai-tinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6695"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6707,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6695\/revisions\/6707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}