{"id":974,"date":"2012-12-29T06:44:14","date_gmt":"2012-12-28T23:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=974"},"modified":"2012-12-29T06:44:14","modified_gmt":"2012-12-28T23:44:14","slug":"phuc-cho-nguoi-da-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/phuc-cho-nguoi-da-tin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cPH\u00daC CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u00c3 TIN\u201d: M\u1eb8 THI\u00caN CH\u00daA L\u00c0 G\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1eaaU \u0110\u1ee8C TIN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kevin M. Clarke\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 T\u1ef1 s\u1eafc Porta Fidei<\/em> trong N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c Maria nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i noi theo v\u00e0 t\u00edn th\u00e1c N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u00e0y cho M\u1eb9. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0110\u1ee9c Maria qua Kinh Th\u00e1nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u2013 Truy\u1ec1n Tin, Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng, can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Kinh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Maria cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu qua cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Gabriel (Lc 1, 26-38). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201cXin ch\u00e0o! \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i!<\/em>\u201d (\u201cGreetings, O favored one!\u201d)[1]<\/a>.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 chaire<\/em> (\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u00e0o \u00f4ng, ch\u00e0o b\u00e0, ch\u00e0o b\u00e1c, ch\u00e0o ch\u00fa!\u201d m\u00e0 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Zacharia v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a V\u1ecb Vua v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (Dc 9, 9). L\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cH\u00e3y vui m\u1eebng hoan h\u1ef7! N\u00e0o thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef Sion!\u201d (LXX: \u03a7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03cd\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u03a3\u03b9\u1f7c\u03bd). \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 T\u00e2n Thi\u1ebfu N\u1eef Sion ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ecb vua khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea7y \u01a1n ph\u00fac<\/em>\u201d. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh St\u00eaphan\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea7y \u01a1n ph\u00fac<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i! Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p th\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng Th\u00e1nh Luca d\u00f9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Luca trong T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng cho Th\u00e1nh St\u00eaphan\u00f4 l\u00e0 hai t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau. Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 kecharit\u014dmen\u0113<\/em> (\u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh St\u00eaphan\u00f4 l\u00e0 pl\u0113r\u0113s charitos<\/em> (\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2). Pl\u0113r\u0113s charitos<\/em> d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n ph\u00fac\u201d (full of grace), \u201cfull\u201d (\u0111\u1ea7y) l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho danh t\u1eeb \u201cgrace\u201d (\u01a1n ph\u00fac), nh\u01b0ng kecharit\u014dmen\u0113<\/em> th\u00ec di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u1edf th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (perfect passive participle). Ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (participle) mang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (verb), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb (adjective) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb (adverb). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (participle) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. V\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (perfect), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passive) n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u2026 Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eabn m\u00e3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t cao tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng hai t\u1eeb Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria th\u1ee5 thai Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u2013 \u201cXin h\u00e3y th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 cho t\u00f4i\u201d <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Gabriel v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u1edf Nazar\u00e9t (Lc 1, 26-38) l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n song song \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Gabriel v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Zacharia trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd (Lc 1, 5-25). Hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng: s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Gabriel, l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sinh ra c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tin. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 – s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u00f4ng Zacharia v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria h\u1ecfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng Zacharia h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y? V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i<\/em>\u201d (c. 18). \u0110\u1ee9c Maria h\u1ecfi: \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng!<\/em>\u201d (c. 34). V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tin, Zacharia ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn con tr\u1ebb trong cung l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i sao? L\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd n\u01a1i \u00f4ng Zacharia v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng Zacharia l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f2n trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi. S\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Gabriel \u0111ang th\u00f4ng tin cho b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Maria kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebb cong v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p nh\u00e3n quan hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. L\u1eddi \u201cth\u01b0a v\u00e2ng<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn tin n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi hi\u1ec3u ra \u00fd c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng fiat<\/em>. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfng Latinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t): v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c (optative: m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc ao). Ignace de la Potterie vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng fiat<\/em> trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 fiat voluntas tua <\/em>(\u201cxin cho \u00fd Cha th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n\u201d) trong kinh L\u1ea1y Cha (Mt 6, 10) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Gi\u1ebfts\u00eamani (Mt 26, 42), v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u1edf th\u1ec3 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passive imperative) {gen\u0113th\u0113t\u014d<\/em>} \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9 (\u201ch\u00e3y th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1\u201d). C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng fiat<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin, Th\u00e1nh Luca d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u1edf v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c {genoito<\/em>} \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03cc (\u201cmong cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1\u201d) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 duy nh\u1ea5t trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c (optative) di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u201cm\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u1eebng vui\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c hay s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng hay kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng fiat<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi fiat voluntas tua <\/em>c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Gi\u1ebfts\u00eamani, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong kinh L\u1ea1y Cha. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y song hi\u1ec7n nay \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. Ti\u1ebfng fiat<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u01b0a vui m\u1eebng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ni\u1ec1m vui trong l\u1eddi th\u01b0a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u (c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean s\u1ee9).[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa \u2013 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1m hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u00f4n n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau mu\u1ed1n \u00f4m l\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau, d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m theo \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hy sinh.<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u00fac cho em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Elizab\u00e9t n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u01a1n ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng, b\u00e0 Elizab\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee3i khen \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00fac cho em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/em>\u201d (Lc 1, 45). N\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 Elizab\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb trong c\u00e2u 42[4]<\/a>. B\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb makaria<\/em> (\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1) (\u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac\u201d hay \u201ch\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d), c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u00f9ng trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng B\u00e1t Ph\u00fac. T\u1eeb Makaria<\/em> g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb eulog\u0113men\u0113<\/em> (\u03b5\u1f50\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7), m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n ph\u00fac, \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa[5]<\/a>. Eulog\u0113men\u0113<\/em> (\u201cph\u00fac cho b\u1ea1n\u201d) l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh (perfect passive participle), t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Makaria<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Elizab\u00e9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m chia s\u1ebb ngay trong ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng tin\u201d v\u00e0o l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean s\u1ee9\u00a0 (cf. Lc 1, 20). \u0110\u1ee9c Maria h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u00fac ph\u00fac nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tin trong khi \u00f4ng Zacharia ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trong c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sau n\u00e0y, khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng Luca d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u01a1n ph\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Maria? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu xem ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, hay \u00edt ra l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00ean ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria? Khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, \u0111\u00fang ra Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 \u00e2n ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria.<\/p>\n

Trong Luca ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea3m k\u00edch v\u00ec gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00fac (makaria)<\/em> cho l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0u mang Th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 v\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 cho Th\u1ea7y b\u00fa!\u201d. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1p: \u201c\u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00fac (makarioi)<\/em> cho nh\u1eefng ai nghe v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa!\u201d (cc. 27-28). C\u00e2u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e9n b\u1edbt \u0111i \u01a1n ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh M\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u01a1n ph\u00fac. \u0110\u00fang ra, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00a0(cf. Lc 2, 19.51)[6]<\/a>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u00e0 Elizab\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u01a1n ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf \u201cPh\u00fac cho em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi em<\/em>\u201d (Lc 1, 45). C\u00e2u n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Hy l\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin\u201d, h\u0113 pisteusasa<\/em> (\u1f21 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u1edf th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (aorist active), t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tin.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1m xin r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ecd h\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u r\u1ed3i!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta x\u00e9t qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e1m xin. Khi h\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana, \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: \u201cH\u1ecd h\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u201d (Ga 2, 3). Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 xin m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u00e0o y\u00eau h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra ngay l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong c\u00e2u n\u00f3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi nghe v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u00e1y b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y k\u00eau t\u00edt t\u00edt k\u00eca\u201d th\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: \u201cPhi\u1ec1n anh leo l\u00ean gh\u1ebf thay c\u1ee5c pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9?\u201d. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu hi\u1ec3u m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, n\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a b\u00e0, chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 can g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00e0?\u201d<\/em> (ti emoi kai soi, gunai?<\/em> \u03c4\u03af \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03bf\u03af, \u03b3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9); \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e9breu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng[7]<\/a>. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu xem ra kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh \u0111a ngh\u0129a n\u01a1i l\u1eddi xin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cGi\u1edd con ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d (c. 4). Trong Tin M\u1eebng Th\u00e1nh Gioan, gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i[8]<\/a>, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u \u201ch\u1ecd h\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u201d theo ngh\u0129a hy l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u1edb trong nh\u00e0: \u201cH\u00e3y l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c anh<\/em>\u201d (c. 5). Khi n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn\u201d cho l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 M\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, n\u00eau b\u1eadt l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y[9]<\/a>. Ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00f4 d\u00e2u ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 cho b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u201cgi\u1edd\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean b\u00e1o cho \u201cgi\u1edd\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 (cf. Ga 19, 25). D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Calvari\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 s\u1ea7u bi (mater dolorosa<\/em>) \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng (stasis<\/em>) c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 ti\u00ean b\u00e1o cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh (anastasis<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. M\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee3i khen trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca Akathist (\u1f08\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f5d\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh ca kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 ca t\u1ee5ng M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i<\/em>\u201d. Trong khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Xin V\u00e2ng (fiat<\/em>) nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 vang v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee9c tin cao tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec M\u1eb9 d\u00e1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7u xin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng M\u1eb9 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Cana n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1eddi trong Tin M\u1eebng Matth\u00eau: \u201cH\u00e3y xin th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ee9 t\u00ecm th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 g\u00f5 c\u1eeda th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1edf cho<\/em>\u201d (Mt 7, 7). Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u201cd\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u\u201d ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ed5 h\u1ebft m\u00e1u m\u00ecnh ra tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u201c\u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft r\u01b0\u1ee3u r\u1ed3i!<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c tin ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2m th\u00e2u, M\u1eb9 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m v\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng lung lay v\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1ea1i Nazareth thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi M\u1eb9: \u201cTri\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u201d (Lc<\/em> <\/em>1, 33). Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, ngay trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea9y c\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh, M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 mang trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap M\u1eb9 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/a>. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 s\u1eafc Porta Fidei<\/em>: \u201cV\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Tin, M\u1eb9 Maria \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u1eebng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2ng (cf. Lc 2, 19.51), v\u00e0 M\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y cho Nh\u00f3m M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi M\u1eb9 trong Nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Ly \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u00a0 (cf. Cv 1, 14; 2, 1-4)\u201d (PF<\/em>, 13). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb khi Truy\u1ec1n Tin cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00fac v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tin.<\/p>\n

Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 trong nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng M\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i Nazar\u00e9t, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u00e0o trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh m\u1eabu t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch M\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi Cana, vv \u2026. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u201d g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u201cN\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edn th\u00e1c, M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu lu\u00f4n v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang Th\u00e1nh Kinh. M\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u xin nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u201cb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>\u201d Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng tin v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1<\/em>\u201d (cf. Kh 21, 5).<\/p>\n

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Chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

Lm. Phaol\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ch\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
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[1]<\/a> Cf. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch New Living Translation<\/em> v\u00e0 English Standard Version<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u00a0Kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin<\/em>, ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i, 8 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Ignace de la Potterie, SJ, Mary in the Mystery of the Covenant<\/em>, Alba House, 1992, tr. 34-35<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> \u201cEm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con em \u0111ang c\u01b0u mang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac<\/em>\u201d (Lc 1, 42)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> M. Zerwick, S.J., v\u00e0\u00a0 M. Grosvenor, A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament<\/em>, Gregorian and Biblical Press, Rome, tr. 172-173<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi Lc 8, 19-21: \u201cM\u1eb9 v\u00e0 anh em Ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai nghe v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> Zerwick v\u00e0 Grosvenor, s\u0111d, tr. 289<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Cf. Ga. 7, 30; 8, 20; 12, 23 tt; 13, 1; 17, 1. Xem th\u00eam Ignace de la Potterie, The Hour of Jesus: The Passion and the Resurrection of Jesus According to John<\/em>, Alba House, 1990<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> Cf. M.J. Scheeben, Mariology<\/em>, Vol. 1, B. Herder Book Co., London, 1946, pp. 154 ff<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Spe Salvi<\/em>, 30 Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t 2007, s\u1ed1 50<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kevin M. Clarke\u00a0 Khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 T\u1ef1 s\u1eafc Porta Fidei trong N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c Maria nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,35],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-nguyen-minh-chinh","category-duc-maria","tag-nam-duc-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":976,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974\/revisions\/976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}