{"id":12155,"date":"2020-07-25T22:30:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T15:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=12155"},"modified":"2020-07-25T22:30:58","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T15:30:58","slug":"tong-giam-muc-oscar-romero-nhat-ky-cua-mot-muc-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tong-giam-muc-oscar-romero-nhat-ky-cua-mot-muc-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed4NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C OSCAR ROMERO: NH\u1eacT K\u00dd C\u1ee6A M\u1ed8T M\u1ee4C T\u1eec"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/em>: Ngh\u1ec9 d\u1ecbch Covid-19, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u2026 d\u1ecbch! V\u00e2ng, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng sinh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Anh Vi\u1ec7t \u0110CV Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Oscar Romero (ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n 2 n\u0103m), v\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u linh \u0111\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a linh \u0111\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd. Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong> (ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1edcI N\u00d3I \u0110\u1ea6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng trang nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1978, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Salvador. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i h\u00f4m 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1980. Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i hai trong ba n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y cung \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb V\u00e0 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Romero nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1977, n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1ch g\u1ea5p r\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, ch\u1ec9 hai ng\u00e0y sau cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 2, trong \u0111\u00f3 Carlos Humberto Romero, \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb gian l\u1eadn nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p gia t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Libertad v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 2.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e2u l\u01b0u, b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t. Hai linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng ra kh\u1ecfi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cha Inhaxi\u00f4 Ellacur\u00eda, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o El Salvador \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Romero tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, cha Rutilio Grande, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 Romero r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, 1978, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i El Savador. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac Romero quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 trong khi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp x\u1ea3y ra – b\u1ed5 sung, v\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ghi \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Romero \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft l\u1eebng danh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn San Salvador; ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n thanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o phong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t m\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00e9t th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. B\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ebfm khi th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00f3p m\u00e9o tin t\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n dai d\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng tin cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi \u0110\u00e0i YSAX c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khi tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh bom. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1977 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m s\u00e9c t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng, n\u01a1i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh bom. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1980, ng\u00e0y YSAX l\u00ean s\u00f3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u0103m tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng YSAX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero.<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 73% d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 47% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1edf k\u00eanh ph\u00e1t thanh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 nghe b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, v\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfm khi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u01b0\u1ee1i. S\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong tu\u1ea7n\u201d (hechos de la semana<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tin x\u1ea5u, c\u1ea3 anuncio<\/em> v\u00e0 denuncia<\/em> (loan b\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o) \u2013 ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tin M\u1eebng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 x\u01b0a, ng\u00e0i t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo cha James Brockman, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n \u201cRomero: M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Romero v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i San Salvador \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 h\u01a1n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong hai n\u0103m, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ghi \u2018n\u1ed1t\u2019 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch th\u0103m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m c\u1ea7m tay \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e9t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Romero v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Romero c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang t\u01b0 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i (v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y) t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i m\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i t\u1ea5n k\u1ecbch v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc El Salvador b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Romero mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Trong ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1979, ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi ban qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu x\u1ebfp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadt k\u00fd ghi \u00e2m. Ng\u00e0i than phi\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c\u201d. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m) r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n n\u00e0y, bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1ea5y – r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c – r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ghi ch\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1eb1ng cha Rafael Urrutia, v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ghi \u00e2m (Ph\u1ee5c sinh 1978), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 trao t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00fap l\u1ec5 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng sinh tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 Rafael Edgardo Urrutia Herrera; ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 11 sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea7y. Trang nh\u1eadt k\u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1980, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cha Urrutia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1980, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 cha Urrutia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, cha l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Oscar Arnulfo Romero. Cha Urrutia l\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean trong \u00e1n tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Romero c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cha Urrutia, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u0103ng c\u00e1t-x\u00e9t g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 Romero \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Romero m\u00e0 danh t\u00ednh c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u1edf ngay m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c trang gi\u1eefa n\u1eefa), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Roberto Cuellar, v\u1ecb lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c\u201d, Romero n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi El Salvador. C\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Romero, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 Cuellar, l\u00e0 Arturo Rivera Damas v\u00e0 Mar\u00eda Jul\u00eda Hern\u00e1ndez, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n theo Tin M\u1eebng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n Quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh leo thang trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp theo sau v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n thanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra v\u00e0 mang \u0111i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 (USCC) \u1edf Washington.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982, John McAward, khi \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c \u1ee6y ban Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Unitarian Universalism (ph\u00e1i Ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3), \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u1edbi USCC 153 b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1980. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, cha James Brockman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Salvador v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u1edbi 30 cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a USCC. Khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u0103ng g\u1ed1c \u1edf El Salvador b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt gi\u1eefa hai Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1ecbp tr\u00f2n 10 n\u0103m, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Salvador \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Oscar Arnulfo Romero <\/em>(Monse\u00f1or<\/em> Oscar Arnulfo Romero: Su Diario)<\/em>. V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Rivera Damas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Roger Mahony, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a USCC, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Julian Filochowski, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Qu\u1ef9 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i (CAFOD), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 (USCC) \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n St. Anthony Messenger Press cho \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u1edf M\u1ef9. V\u00ec quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Rivera (v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a USCC v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n) \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch trau chu\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Irene B. Hodgson. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eafm d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i cho \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y trong c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef; v\u00e0 h\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u00e2m s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Oscar Arnulfo Romero.<\/p>\n

Thomas E. Quigley<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 – Latinh<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sinh ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng El Salvador n\u0103m 1917, Oscar Romero r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 n\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 20 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Roma h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1942. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 El Salvador n\u0103m 1943, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u0103ng say trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb cha x\u1ee9 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Miguel cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng g\u00e2y b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb, Romero th\u00edch th\u00fa theo d\u00f5i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan XXIII tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1962 \u0111\u1ebfn 1965, \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cung \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u1edb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng). C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 1967, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 50, Romero \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c El Salvador, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn San Salvador l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1970, Romero \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Salvador. (Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn.) L\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, c\u00f3 l\u00fac Romero ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1edd tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Sau khi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 Latinh \u0111\u00e3 qui t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 Latinh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i Medellin, Colombia, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Vatican II theo \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Medellin \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Latinh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00e0n lan. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai tri\u1ec3n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ecfi \u00e1n x\u1eed chung c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn San Salvador h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Medellin, nh\u01b0ng Romero trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II theo nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 sau h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Medellin.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1974, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Romero \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Santiago de Maria nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c \u1edf San Miguel, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Salvador. N\u0103m 1975, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t n\u0103m n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 Romero \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976, m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00edt ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt Salvador kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha x\u1ee9 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111a s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf xung quanh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 coi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ng\u1ea7m \u0111e d\u1ecda quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1976, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean cao, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1977, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n

V\u1ecb <\/strong>T\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng <\/strong>Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cao ni\u00ean l\u00e0 Luis Ch\u00e1vez s\u1eafp ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edf El Salvador ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc [xem c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa*]. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn mu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Arturo Rivera Damas, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c g\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a El Salvador th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ch\u00e1vez  v\u00e0 cho ng\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. H\u1ecd nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero. V\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00fd l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecd suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd vui m\u1eebng khi T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh Vatican ch\u1ecdn Romero.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y ba tu\u1ea7n sau khi Romero nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng tay s\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cha s\u1edf nong th\u00f4n, l\u00e0 cha Rutilio Grande, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 \u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe jeep c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. Cha Rutilio Grande \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Romero coi cha nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n; ch\u00ednh Grande l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i l\u1ec5 nghi t\u1ea5n phong gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Romero h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1970.<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf El Salvador, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i cho h\u1ecd. Cha Grande \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ecf. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1ea5y. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb t\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi suy x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, Romero \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong ba ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 duy nh\u1ea5t cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt sau l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng cha Grande t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Vatican, t\u1ee9c v\u1ecb Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i Romero kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u00eau kh\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda v\u1ecb Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Trong ba n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3, Romero l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t. Th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang theo Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Trong ba n\u0103m \u1ea5y, th\u00eam n\u0103m linh m\u1ee5c n\u1eefa b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha Rutilio Grande; ch\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t b\u1edfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i  hay c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an ninh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Romero, g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 \u0111i\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i t\u00e2m s\u1ef1, ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 “c\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng” \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Romero ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c anh em gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c cha Rivera, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Romero \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Salvador, b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ra m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho R\u00f4ma, Romero \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ch\u00faa th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra trong T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i, cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp quan tr\u1ecdng – trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng – \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 khi \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0i \u0111i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0i linh c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 leo thang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i. K\u1ef3 t\u0129nh t\u00e2m sau c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

\u2026 T\u00f4i d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho <\/em>Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i\u2026 T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 trong l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa\u2026 H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u00edn th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf trong<\/em> tay Ch\u00faa, bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng cho d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c – kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n – s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a <\/em>Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00ean s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn tr\u00fang ng\u00e0i khi ng\u00e0i \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng trong Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. D\u00f9 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf El Salvador trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u00ean ng\u00e0i. Su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vun tr\u1ed3ng ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

James R. Brockman, S.<\/strong>J.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n \u201cRomero<\/em>: <\/em>M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d<\/em> (Orbis Books);<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp quy\u1ec3n \u201cB\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d c\u1ee7a Romero (Harper).<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghi Ch\u00fa C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ecbch B\u1ea3n Anh Ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng ghi ch\u00ednh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u0103ng ghi \u00e2m do T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 El Salvador v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Romero, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u201cR\u00f4m\u00ear\u00f4: M\u1ed9t Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a James R. Brockman, S.J. (Orbis, 1990). T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn El Salvador v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1990, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u0103n nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Romero \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0, nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i; khi kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf l\u1eedng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u00e0i ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a hai ho\u1eb7c ba ng\u00e0y (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i) v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u00f3i cho nh\u1eefng th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00ecnh \u0111ang n\u00f3i, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p cha Jon Sobrino, S.J.,[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang d\u1ecbch, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1eafp d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y. Cha Sobrino \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ed7i khi d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cd\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Romero\u201d. Hy v\u1ecdng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 l\u00f2ng cha Sobrino.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4i trong \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp Lisa Biedenbach v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean Carol Luebering c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n St. Anthony Messenger Press, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3;<\/p>\n

– Susan Harper, Margaret Warminski v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Carol, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o;<\/p>\n

– Bruce Pulliam, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh;<\/p>\n

– Gail Nurre v\u00e0 Monica Rivera c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Xavier, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y;<\/p>\n

– Thomas E. Quigly, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n V\u1ee5 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh thu\u1ed9c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o;<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c cha James R. Brockman v\u00e0 Jon Sobrino, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi am hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed El Salvador v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3;<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Ricardo Urioste v\u00e0 Maria Julia Hern\u00e1ndez thu\u1ed9c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 Conny de Huezo, th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Urioste, \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i gh\u00e9 th\u0103m V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1990;<\/p>\n

– Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y d\u00e0i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Irene B. Hodgson<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

—–<\/strong><\/p>\n

*<\/strong>C\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh hay T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho R\u00f4ma v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng x\u1ea3y ra trong gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018suffragan\u2019. \u1ede El Salvador ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong \u0111\u00f3, trong khi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Romero c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf El Salvador, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Cha Sobrino d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Universidad Centroamericana Jos\u00e9 Sime\u00f3n Canas t\u1ea1i San Salvador. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Romero: K\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 Suy t\u01b0 <\/em>(Orbis Books, 1990). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: Ngh\u1ec9 d\u1ecbch Covid-19, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u2026 d\u1ecbch! V\u00e2ng, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng sinh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Anh Vi\u1ec7t \u0110CV Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,51,50,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linh-muc","category-lm-le-cong-duc","category-thien-phong","category-dai-chung-vien-hue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12155"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12156,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12155\/revisions\/12156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}