{"id":13238,"date":"2020-11-08T20:48:15","date_gmt":"2020-11-08T13:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=13238"},"modified":"2020-11-12T10:58:19","modified_gmt":"2020-11-12T03:58:19","slug":"ban-dich-thong-diep-fratelli-tutti-chuong-5-va-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/ban-dich-thong-diep-fratelli-tutti-chuong-5-va-6\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea2N D\u1ecaCH TH\u00d4NG \u0110I\u1ec6P FRATELLI TUTTI (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 v\u00e0 6)"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u01af\u01a0NG V<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T TH\u1ee8 CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca T\u1ed0T H\u01a0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u – d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n h\u1eefu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia – \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng \u00edch. \u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    NH\u1eeeNG H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A D\u00c2N T\u00daY V\u00c0 CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A T\u1ef0 DO<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u1edbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n sau m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hay m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edf ra d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      D\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u00fay<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00e2n t\u00fay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec7n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u2018d\u00e2n t\u00fay\u2019 hay kh\u00f4ng \u2018d\u00e2n t\u00fay\u2019. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng l\u00ean t\u1eadn tr\u1eddi xanh.<\/li>\n
      2. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xem ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: n\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d. M\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00ednh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n do d\u00e2n\u201d. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chung. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u201d. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u2018ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n v\u1eadn\u2019 \u2013 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/li>\n
      3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. \u201cD\u00e2n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, hay cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u2018thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n\u2019. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u2026 Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i trong t\u1eeb \u2018d\u00e2n\u2019, b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u2018d\u00e2n\u2019 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay lu\u1eadn l\u00fd. Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n t\u00ednh chung do nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u2026 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng chung\u201d. (132)<\/li>\n
      4. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u201cc\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u201d, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3! Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung \u1ee9ng qua c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qui t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u01a1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cd\u00e2n t\u00fay\u201d kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n theo l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Hay trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi m\u00e0 – trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n hay tinh t\u1ebf – n\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thao t\u00fang c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n
      5. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u00fay \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u2018d\u00e2n\u2019 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1edf. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi, xuy\u00ean qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u0103n t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      6. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ebfu hay s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n t\u00fay v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d. (133) Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ki\u00ean v\u1eefng. (134) \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi\u201d. (135)<\/li>\n
      7. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cv\u00ec d\u00e2n\u201d \u2013 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 gieo tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta: c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ta, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 xuy\u00ean qua lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. (136) V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c sao cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0o t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. (137) Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00e2n ban. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d, v\u1ed1n g\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, v\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n chung; trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u00fay. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201cd\u00e2n\u201d l\u1eabn \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201cl\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. (138)<\/li>\n
        2. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, b\u00e1c \u00e1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u2013 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u2013 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1: c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026 Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb phi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Gian b\u1ebfp trong nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d. (139)<\/li>\n
        3. B\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y trong m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb em \u1edf xa ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra. Ngay c\u1ea3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari T\u1ed1t L\u00e0nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau tha nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 khi c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 hay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eadm t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
        4. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00e1i tim, c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebfu ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf li\u00ean k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n. Nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, hay nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c\u201d: xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ecf nhen c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/li>\n
        5. Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, sai l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ecf qua y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
        6. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa. D\u00f9 g\u1eb7p lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n ng\u1eaft n\u00e0y v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y! T\u00e2n ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u201ctr\u00e0n b\u1edd\u201d hay \u201cr\u1ec9 gi\u1ecdt\u201d \u2013 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e0n b\u1edd\u201d kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ed1n sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cvi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong kinh doanh\u201d (140) v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ed1t nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nhau, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u201d. (141) C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, \u201cch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n\u201d. (142)<\/li>\n
        7. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh chung\u201d, trong khi c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u2013 tr\u1ed7i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, t\u1eeb s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhau\u201d. (143) Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf sao cho kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i cung c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo m\u1ea7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean can t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111an k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1\u201d. (144) Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d \u2013 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u201cc\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1edbi<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a<\/em> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. (145) C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hoang mang, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201cl\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u00ec \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd suy vong, h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef su\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. (146)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          S\u1ee8C M\u1ea0NH QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe <\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u1ed3i n\u0103m 2007-08 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u \u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. (147) Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u00edt t\u00ednh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
          2. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c trao cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7) gi\u1eefa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7\u201d. (148)<\/li>\n
          3. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u201c\u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, do c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00e0n sang l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft\u201d. (149) Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt, (150) ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
          4. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u201cT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d. (151) Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a hay s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu, do nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. V\u00ec \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. (152) \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c – theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong L\u1eddi M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1u Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u2026 C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 trung gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d. (153) C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nhau xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
          5. S\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch, th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u201cvi\u1ec7c trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft (pacta sunt servanda<\/em>)\u201d, (154) v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u201cc\u00e1i c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thay v\u00ec n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt\u201d. (155) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qui m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u201d. (156) Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0y, n\u00ean d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec \u2013 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 ch\u00fang b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
          6. \u0110\u00e1ng m\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch anh h\u00f9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            B\u00c1C \u00c1I C\u00d3 T\u00cdNH CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca V\u00c0 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I <\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb g\u00e2y kinh t\u1edfm, th\u01b0\u1eddng do nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh? (157)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c kinh t\u1ebf, kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 tr\u1ecb duy hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng\u201d. (158) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch sai tr\u00e1i, n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng, s\u1ef1 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u201ckinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n nay\u201d. (159) Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui ph\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u201d. (160) N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u201cm\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh\u2026 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00ec quan li\u00eau\u201d. (161) Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p kinh t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nhen t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 khi \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, (162) c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tranh c\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 trao l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn sau\u201d. (163)<\/li>\n
              3. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p manh m\u00fan hay nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u1eadt c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u201cnh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng theo nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh m\u1edbi\u201d. (164)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb <\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n h\u1eefu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c thi b\u00e1c \u00e1i r\u1ea5t cao qu\u00ed. \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o \u201cl\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1c \u00e1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d. (165) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (166) M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cao qu\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i, trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung\u201d. (167)<\/li>\n
                2. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u00e1c \u00e1i, m\u00e0 theo gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u00ec b\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt (x. Mt 22,36-40)\u201d. (168) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u1eabn nhau, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d. (169) V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u0129 m\u00f4: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d. (170)<\/li>\n
                3. B\u00e1c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a: \u201cB\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau qu\u00ed thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung\u201d, n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. (171) M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cD\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea5t minh. N\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d (172) gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. B\u00e1c \u00e1i, v\u1edbi xung n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. (173) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong\u201d. (174)<\/li>\n
                  2. B\u00e1c \u00e1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u201cn\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00ec b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d. (175) B\u00e1c \u00e1i, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t\u201d. (176) Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi \u201cb\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\u201d. (177) N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u201cb\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa tri v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh\u201d. (178) N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi \u201cm\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00edn t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d. (179)<\/li>\n
                  3. B\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d, (180) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ec khi thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    TH\u1ef0C THI \u0110\u1ee8C \u00c1I CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau r\u1ea5t \u201cth\u00fac b\u00e1ch\u201d: nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau r\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u01a1n. (181) Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u201c\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sao cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o n\u1eefa\u201d. (182) \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 l\u1ed9i qua m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Trong khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00e1c \u00e1i cao \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u00f4n qu\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Nh\u1eefng hy sinh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. L\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd. (183) Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ra, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngoan ngo\u00e3n d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o. Th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft bao khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. (184) \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tham gia trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                      2. Nh\u1eefng xem x\u00e9t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111e d\u1ecda hay x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201cch\u0103m s\u00f3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u2019\u2026 N\u00f3 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 li\u00ean can t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y\u201d. (185) N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d. (186) C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y xa h\u01a1n c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb trai v\u00e0 g\u00e1i, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai, n\u1ea1n m\u1ea1i d\u00e2m, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy danh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 su\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m y\u00ean \u1ed5n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y\u201d. (187) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung \u1ee9ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                      3. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n xem vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201ckhi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh thao t\u00fang gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, xem \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, th\u00ec h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1edb v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c; th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. (188) R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 hay v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0103n s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n v\u0103n h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. B\u00e1c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2ng thu\u1eadn trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Xuy\u00ean qua hy sinh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111a di\u1ec7n xinh \u0111\u1eb9p trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
                        2. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t bao dung c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u00f4m nay, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u01b0u t\u00e2m sao cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi suy b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                        3. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ahmad Al-Tayyeb v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c \u201cnh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 lan t\u1ecfa v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao dung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i\u201d. (189) Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n danh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 gieo r\u1eafc h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u01a1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          KH\u1ea2 N\u0102NG SINH S\u1ea2N QUAN TR\u1eccNG H\u01a0N K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean v\u1ecb h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui, v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0111au \u1ed1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa; h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ec1n; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 \u1edf; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phung ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian\u201d. (190)<\/li>\n
                          2. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u201c\u00c2n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea9y ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb con tim ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi con m\u1eaft, l\u1ed7 tai, b\u00e0n tay\u2026 \u00c2n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t\u201d. (191) Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, y\u1ebfu \u1edbt nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim ch\u00fang ta: th\u1eadt v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u2018quy\u1ec1n\u2019 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd\u201d. (192)<\/li>\n
                          3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i trao hi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m d\u00e2n t\u00edn trung c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean!\u201d (193) Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ai y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ea3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed7i \u0111au n\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean phung ph\u00ed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e2y quanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d. (194)<\/li>\n
                          4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u01a1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea5u \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gieo v\u00e3i, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n trong tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec1u mang tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, tri th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb\u201d. (195)<\/li>\n
                          5. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cao qu\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y gieo chia r\u1ebd, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 gieo m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed5 v\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta theo \u0111u\u1ed5i thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac, khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?\u201d V\u00ec khi th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00f4i?\u201d, \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho t\u00f4i?\u201d, \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i?\u201d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, s\u1ebd l\u00e0: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh?\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n g\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o?\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o?\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gieo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i?\u201d, \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0o trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y trao cho t\u00f4i?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            CH\u01af\u01a0NG VI<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \u0110\u1ed0I THO\u1ea0I V\u00c0 T\u00ccNH TH\u00c2N H\u1eeeU TRONG X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, n\u00f3i, l\u1eafng nghe, nh\u00ecn, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi bi\u1ebft nhau, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhau, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m k\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i\u201d. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, vi\u1ec7c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang, nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m gi\u00fap cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \u0110\u1ed0I THO\u1ea0I X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I CHO M\u1ed8T N\u1ec0N V\u0102N H\u00d3A M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cngo\u00e0i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1edd \u01a1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7; \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3; s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn, trong khi v\u1eabn m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u0103n h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\u201d. (196)<\/li>\n
                              2. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t song song b\u00ean nhau. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do \u00e2m gi\u1ecdng s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai, v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng qui ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
                              3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ed3n \u00e0o tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eafc m\u1ea9m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u sai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng v\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. T\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n lan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n mu\u1ed1n ma m\u00e3nh l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh. Lo\u1ea1i thao t\u00fang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u01a1i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 bao bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                              4. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tranh th\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tr\u00f2n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, thay v\u00ec h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang. Mong sao, nh\u1edd \u01a1n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ngay c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nay, gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                C\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoa tr\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201ctrong m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u\u201d. (197) Vi\u1ec7c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ch\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thao t\u00fang hay che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap n\u1eafm hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3 gi\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n v\u00e0 qui ng\u00e3 trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 trong khi h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9\u201d. (198)<\/li>\n
                                2. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft bao qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                                3. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a h\u00f4m nay, \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u01a1i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang internet cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn lao cho s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d. (199) Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7y qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Australia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u201d. (200)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. D\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a bao dung, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u201cN\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch quan, hay thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2026 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7\u2026 Khi ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ecb suy b\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n hay nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh\u201d. (201)<\/li>\n
                                  2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m? N\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sai tr\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                                  3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o v\u00e0 che gi\u1ea5u trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u1eafm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0 khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u1ea5y.<\/li>\n
                                  4. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n th\u1edd \u01a1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1t s\u1ee3? Duy ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau – m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o – th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta. S\u1ef1 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n v\u1ed1n si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 sao? Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang c\u00e1i nguy c\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi k\u1ebb n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c hay b\u1edfi k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201ckhi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n hay ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u2019 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. (202)<\/li>\n
                                  5. \u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. T\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 x\u1ea3y ra: m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u201csan b\u1eb1ng\u201d b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng xy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn; ch\u00fang si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n \u2013 v\u00e0 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
                                    2. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u1edf ph\u00eda sau n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00e0 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 sao? G\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 \u2013 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd – ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui t\u1eafc l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc \u1ea5y th\u00ec t\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. Ba th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
                                    3. Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh hay t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n – do nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 – b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt xuy\u00ean qua suy t\u01b0, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn ra trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u1ea5y – v\u1ed1n si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean tr\u00ed n\u0103ng – n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
                                    4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 trao hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng trao cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u1ea5y n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. (203) \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0o, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      M\u1ed8T N\u1ec0N V\u0102N H\u00d3A M\u1edaI<\/p>\n

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                                      1. \u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1\u201d. (204) T\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u2018kh\u1ed1i \u0111a di\u1ec7n\u2019 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111a s\u1eafc, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n\u201d. (205) H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa nhau, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nhau, ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ri\u00eang. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, n\u00ean h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        S\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. T\u1eeb \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u201cV\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n, n\u00ean s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u, v\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2018b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2019 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                                        2. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 mong manh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ec v\u1ebft, v\u00ec \u201cngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do c\u00e1c sai l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua\u201d. (206) H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hay vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, hay m\u1ed9t h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng\u201d. (207) \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y trang b\u1ecb cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i! Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          Ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c <\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                          1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong khi t\u1ea9y chay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5: b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh r\u1ebb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                                          2. Khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, vi\u1ec7c d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1ecdt ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. T\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00e3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao v\u1eddi tr\u1eeb phi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t khung v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ckh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u201d n\u1eefa, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                                          3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7n gian. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu bao dung v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u1eeb phi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                                          4. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 bao dung ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef v\u1eabn trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 (hay \u00edt ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            PH\u1ee4C H\u1ed2I L\u00d2NG T\u1ed0T<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                                            1. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb xem ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u00eam \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hung h\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u1ea7n ai n\u1ea5y lo\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn vun x\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                                            2. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (Gl 5,22). Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Hi l\u1ea1p \u2018chrest\u00f3tes<\/em>\u2019, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 hay c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia s\u1ebb g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00fd t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m v\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 li\u00ean can t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u201cn\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi an \u1ee7i, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1eddi s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, u u\u1ea5t, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef hay tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng\u201d. (208)<\/li>\n
                                            3. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f4 b\u1ed3 h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 trong khi qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian hay ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201cxin l\u1ed7i\u201d, \u201cc\u1ea3m phi\u1ec1n\u201d, \u201cc\u1ea3m \u01a1n\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi, th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 trao m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun x\u1edbi; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch k\u1ebb c\u1ea3 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u00fap t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn; n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y m\u1ecdi c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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                                              Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[132]<\/a> ANTONIO SPADARO, S.J., Le orme di un pastore. Una conversazione con Papa Francesco, in JORGE MARIO BERGOLIO \u2013 PAPA FRANCESCO, Nei tuoi occhi \u00e8 la mia parola. Omelie e discorsi di Buenos Aires 1999-2013, Rizzoli, Milan 2016, XVI; cf. T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 11, 2013), 220-221: AAS 105 (2013), 1110-1111.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[133]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 11, 2013), 204: AAS 105 (2013), 1106.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[134]<\/a> Cf. ibid<\/a>.: AAS 105 (2013), 1105-1106.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[135]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 202: AAS 105 (2013), 1105.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[136]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 128: AAS 107 (2015), 898.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[137]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1i T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh (12 th\u00e1ng 1, 2015): AAS 107 (2015), 165; cf. Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/a> (28 th\u00e1ng 10, 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 851-859.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[138]<\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t ghi nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[139]<\/a> PAUL RICOEUR, Histoire et Verit\u00e9<\/em>, ed. Le Seuil Paris, 1967, 122.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[140]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 129: AAS 107 (2015), 899.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[141]<\/a> B\u00caN\u00ca\u0110ICT\u00d4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 6, 2009), 35: AAS 101 (2009), 670.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[142]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/a> (28 October 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 858.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[143]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[144]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/a> (5 th\u00e1ng 11, 2016): L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 7-8 th\u00e1ng 11, 2016, tr. 4-5.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[145]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[146]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[147]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 189: AAS 107 (2015), 922.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[148]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, New York<\/a> (25 th\u00e1ng 9, 2015): AAS 107 (2015), 1037.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[149]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 175: AAS 107 (2015), 916-917.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[150]<\/a> Cf. B\u00caN\u00caD\u0110ICT\u00d4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 6, 2009), 67: AAS 101 (2009), 700-701.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[151]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.: AAS 101 (2009), 700.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[152]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 434.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[153]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, New York<\/a> (25 th\u00e1ng 9, 2015): AAS 107 (2015), 1037, 1041.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[154]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 437.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[155]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh GIOAN PHAOL\u00d4 II, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2004, 5: AAS 96 (2004), 117.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[156]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 439.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[157]<\/a> Cf. \u1ee6Y BAN X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I c\u1ee7a H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C PH\u00c1P, Declaration R\u00e9habiliter la Politique<\/em> (17 th\u00e1ng 2, 1999).<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[158]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 189: AAS 107 (2015), 922.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[159]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 196: AAS 107 (2015), 925.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[160]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 197: AAS 107 (2015), 925.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[161]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 181: AAS 107 (2015), 919.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[162]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 178: AAS 107 (2015), 918.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[163]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C B\u1ed2 \u0110\u00c0O NHA, Th\u01b0 M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Responsabilidade Solid\u00e1ria pelo Bem Comum<\/em> (15 th\u00e1ng 9, 2003), 20; cf. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 159: AAS 107 (2015), 911.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[164]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 191: AAS 107 (2015), 923.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[165]<\/a> PI\u00d4 XI, Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00dd (18 th\u00e1ng 12, 1927): L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 23 th\u00e1ng 12, 1927, tr. 3.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[166]<\/a> Cf. ID., Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo Anno<\/em><\/a> (15 th\u00e1ng 5, 1931): AAS 23 (1931), 206-207.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[167]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 11, 2013), 205: AAS 105 (2013), 1106<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[168]<\/a> B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 6, 2009), 2: AAS 101 (2009), 642.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[169]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 231: AAS 107 (2015), 937.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[170]<\/a> B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 6, 2009), 2: AAS 101 (2009), 642.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[171]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 207.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[172]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh GIOAN PHAOL\u00d4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Redemptor Hominis<\/em><\/a> (4 th\u00e1ng 3, 1979), 15: AAS 71 (1979), 288.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[173]<\/a> Cf. Th\u00e1nh PHAOL\u00d4 VI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Populorum Progressio<\/em><\/a> (26 th\u00e1ng 3, 1967), 44: AAS 59 (1967), 279.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[174]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 207.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[175]<\/a> B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 6, 2009), 2: AAS 101 (2009), 642.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[176]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 3: AAS 101 (2009), 643.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[177]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 4: AAS 101 (2009), 643.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[178]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[179]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 3: AAS 101 (2009), 643.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[180]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>.: AAS 101 (2009), 642.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[181]<\/a> Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, theo gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cth\u00fac b\u00e1ch\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d; cf. Summa Theologiae, I-II, qq. 8-17; M. ZALBA, S.J., Theologiae Moralis Summa. Theologia Moralis Fundamentalis. Tractatus de Virtutibus Theologicis, ed. BAC, Madrid, 1952, vol. I, 69; A. ROYO MAR\u00cdN, Teolog\u00eda de la Perfecci\u00f3n Cristiana, ed. BAC, Madrid, 1962, 192-196.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[182]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1O HO\u00c0NG V\u1ec0 C\u00d4NG L\u00dd V\u00c0 H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH, Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, 208.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[183]<\/a> Cf. Th\u00e1nh GIOAN PHAOL\u00d4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo Rei Socialis<\/em><\/a> (30 th\u00e1ng 12, 1987), 42: AAS 80 (1988), 572-574; Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Centesimus Annus<\/em><\/a> (1 th\u00e1ng 5, 1991), 11: AAS 83 (1991), 806-807.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[184]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (28 th\u00e1ng 10, 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 852.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>185]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Strasbourg (25 th\u00e1ng 11, 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 999.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[186]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Cu\u1ed9c G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 C\u00e1c L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Trung Phi , Bangui<\/a> (29 th\u00e1ng 11, 2015): AAS 107 (2015), 1320.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[187]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (25 th\u00e1ng 9, 2015): AAS 107 (2015), 1039.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[188]<\/a> Di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang (28 th\u00e1ng 10, 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 853.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[189]<\/a> V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 T\u00ecnh Huynh \u0111\u1ec7 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00ec H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi V\u00e0 C\u00f9ng Chung S\u1ed1ng<\/a>, Abu Dhabi (4 th\u00e1ng 2, 2019): L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 4-5 th\u00e1ng 2, 2019, tr. 6.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[190]<\/a> REN\u00c9 VOILLAUME, Fr\u00e8res de tous<\/em>, ed. Cerf, Paris, 1968, 12-13.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[191]<\/a> S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Video g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb TED \u1edf Vancouver<\/a> (26 th\u00e1ng 4, 2017): L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 27 th\u00e1ng 4, 2017, tr. 7.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[192]<\/a> Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn chung (18 th\u00e1ng 2, 2015): L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 19 th\u00e1ng 2, 2015, tr. 8.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[193]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 11, 2013), 274: AAS 105 (2013), 1130.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[194]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 279: AAS 105 (2013), 1132.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[195]<\/a> S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2019 (8 th\u00e1ng 12, 2018), 5: L\u2019Osservatore Romano, 19 th\u00e1ng 12, 2018, tr. 8.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[196]<\/a> G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 C\u00e1c L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Kinh t\u1ebf, Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<\/a> (27 th\u00e1ng 7, 2013): AAS 105 (2013), 683-684.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[197]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Querida Amazonia<\/em><\/a> (2 th\u00e1ng 2, 2020), 108.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[198]<\/a> T\u1eeb b\u1ed9 phim Pope Francis: A Man of His Word<\/em>, c\u1ee7a Wim Wenders (2018).<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[199]<\/a> S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ng\u00e0y Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2014 (24 th\u00e1ng 1, 2014): AAS 106 (2014), 113.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[200]<\/a> H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u00c1M M\u1ee4C \u00daC, Commission for Social Justice, Mission and Service, Making It Real: Genuine Human Encounter in Our Digital World<\/em> (th\u00e1ng 11, 2019).<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[201]<\/a> Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 5, 2015), 123: AAS 107 (2015), 896.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[202]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh GIOAN PHAOL\u00d4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Veritatis Splendor<\/em><\/a> (6 th\u00e1ng 8, 1993), 96: AAS 85 (1993), 1209.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[203]<\/a> L\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban \u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a nhau. <\/a><\/p>\n

                                              [204]<\/a> VINICIUS DE MORAES, Samba da Ben\u00e7\u00e3o, trong Um encontro no Au bon Gourmet, Rio de Janeiro (2 August 1962).<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[205]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24 th\u00e1ng 11, 2013), 237: AAS 105 (2013), 1116.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[206]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 236: AAS 105 (2013), 1115.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[207]<\/a> Ibid<\/a>., 218: AAS 105 (2013), 1110.<\/p>\n

                                              <\/a>[208]<\/a> T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Amoris Laetitia<\/em><\/a> (19 th\u00e1ng 3, 2016), 100: AAS 108 (2016), 351.<\/p>\n

                                              \n

                                              Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, PSS (d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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