{"id":13270,"date":"2020-11-10T13:06:30","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T06:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=13270"},"modified":"2020-11-10T20:08:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T13:08:24","slug":"trao-ban-su-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/trao-ban-su-song\/","title":{"rendered":"TRAO BAN S\u1ef0 S\u1ed0NG"},"content":{"rendered":"

LTS. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cha Luc Cr\u00e9py (nay l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Orl\u00e9ans, Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Hu\u1ebf t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay. H\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, hi\u1ec3u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai.<\/em> <\/p>\n

———–<\/p>\n

Trao ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n  con c\u00e1i, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n mang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eeba thai. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae vitae<\/em> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1 thai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhau gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

I. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 trong Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1n ng\u1eeba thai c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Humanae vitae<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy-La th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf R\u00f4ma khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng :ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p giao h\u1ee3p n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng, thu\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1ed1c b\u00f4i d\u1ebbo cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t tinh tr\u00f9ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ea3n, bao b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u2026Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u xung quanh (kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7, ng\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o\u2026) m\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sinh s\u1ea3n trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 khung suy t\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00f3 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n

    V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924, Ogino cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft y khoa n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u00bb. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 giao ph\u00f3 n\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban. Ng\u00e0y 29\/7\/1968, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae vitae<\/em>. Ti\u1ebfp theo sau, trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n b\u00e0n c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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    1. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t x\u01b0a, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y khoa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t :<\/p>\n

      a. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00ab truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00bb<\/p>\n

      + Giao h\u1ee3p n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng : r\u00fat d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t tinh.<\/p>\n

      + Bao cao su.<\/p>\n

      b. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

      Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai (r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y :<\/p>\n

      + Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ogino \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

      + Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

      + Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Billings d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn ra \u1edf c\u1eeda m\u00ecnh m\u00e0, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

      c. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

      Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft tinh tr\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u1eed cung. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ebft tinh tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kem hay ch\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n

      d. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

      – \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tinh tr\u00f9ng (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eddn d\u1ea1 con), ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a t\u1eed cung (l\u00e0m t\u1ed5).<\/p>\n

      – Thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 ba th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

      e. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00ean trong t\u1eed cung<\/p>\n

      – v\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh thai: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong t\u1eed cung, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho tinh tr\u00f9ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

      – m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn ng\u1eeba thai (v\u00e0nh ng\u0103n) \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

      Th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u1eeba thai n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1eaft v\u00f2i t\u1eed cung n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tinh n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam.<\/p>\n

      Sau c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 thai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ng\u1eeba thai v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n mang thai (interruption volontaire de grossesse:IVG) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p RU 486[1]<\/a> (tr\u01b0\u1edbc 10 tu\u1ea7n) tr\u1ee5c b\u1ecf ph\u00f4i thai.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae vitae<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng : \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha n\u00f3i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch chung chung, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y[2]<\/a> (s\u1ed1 1), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh. C\u0169ng trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, trong F.C (s\u1ed1 32), s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o). \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00ab n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eeba thai <\/em>\u00bb, n\u00f3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean c\u00e1ch v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. C\u1ea9m nang cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Th\u00e1ng 2\/1997, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u2013 c\u1ea9m nang \u2013 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1ebb trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX (t\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Casti Connubii<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00bb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II ). V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u2018t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u2019, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/em> (s\u1ed1 3, 1) : a) m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, b) s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y,  c) s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d) nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

          Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai, cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 trao hi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n[3]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00ab tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng theo \u00fd ngay l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00e1ch cho s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 th\u1eafng, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ; khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00bb (s\u1ed1 3,8). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n. Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt \u2013 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (s\u1ed1 3,9).<\/p>\n

          Cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ngay l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

          C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ea3n (3,13). C\u00e1ch chung chung, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang gi\u00fap cho hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ng\u1eeba thai.<\/p>\n

          II. Ph\u00e1 thai<\/strong><\/p>\n

          V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1 thai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u2026 T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Quy ch\u1ebf ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            1.1. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1<\/em><\/p>\n

            V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy ch\u1ebf ph\u00f4i thai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00f4m nay. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau d\u1eabn v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/p>\n

            + \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f4i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1  c\u1eadp v\u1edbi\u2026H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y\u2026<\/p>\n

            + S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y khoa m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt hay nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, Parkinson.<\/p>\n

            + Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap y t\u1ebf sinh s\u1ea3n (M\u00e9dicalement Assist\u00e9es (P.M.A.)), t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 sinh, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

            Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u00ab \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc \u00bb chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay. T\u1ea1i sao ? X. Th\u00e9venot \u0111\u01b0a ra ba l\u00fd do[4]<\/a> :<\/p>\n