Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Harvard, Michael Joseph Sandel, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00bb. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 \u00ab S\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u00bb – , \u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do : ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng (m\u00e9ritocratie). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u2026\u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
La Croix Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o<\/strong> : \u00d4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u00fay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00ab s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u00bb. \u00d4ng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ?<\/p>\n Michael J. Sandel<\/strong> : D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c thu\u1edf x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc thang, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nhau cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng : qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u00fay hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong> : Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00ab ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00bb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ?<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e3y coi Usain Bolt, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea1y n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat t\u1eebng gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng : d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, anh ta t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng anh ta c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, anh ta may m\u1eafn khi nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a anh ta (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. \u1ede \u00dd, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u1ebd tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c thi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong> : V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n lao c\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta\u2026<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady ! V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu\u201d c\u00e1c thi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong>: \u00d4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng \u00edch.<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng g\u00e2y s\u00f3i m\u00f2n cho c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, Luther King \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecdn r\u00e1c \u1edf Tennessee khi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng lao c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 lao c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00ec, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng l\u00fd (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u00edch (s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Suy t\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c trong c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong>: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u00ab c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00bb g\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0y nay, quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia giao d\u1ecbch cao t\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch! Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung (m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u1edf Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n, trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n khoa \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, etc. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong>: \u00d4ng \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t \u00ab b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n \u00bb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u2026<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: V\u00e2ng, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u00e0, v\u00e2ng\u2026h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 \u201clao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gia t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u2026) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u1edf s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n La Croix:<\/strong> \u00d4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u1ecdc h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t do c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1eabn b\u00e1m ri\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i. \u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ivy League (c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3) cao g\u1ea5p 77 l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chia r\u1ebd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn, cho ph\u00e9p \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh! \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u1ea1t v\u1eebng\u201d n\u00e0y r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n La Croix<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1? V\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, ng\u00e0y mai, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n? Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?<\/p>\n M. J. Sandel<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00f4ng \u00edch. Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u00edt ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n (T\u00fd Linh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef theo nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o La Croix<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Harvard, Michael Joseph Sandel, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u00bb. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13961,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luan-ly","category-ty-linh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13960"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13960\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13964,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13960\/revisions\/13964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}