{"id":1423,"date":"2013-01-18T15:03:57","date_gmt":"2013-01-18T08:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=1423"},"modified":"2013-01-19T09:50:57","modified_gmt":"2013-01-19T02:50:57","slug":"cac-nhan-duc-mot-nghe-thuat-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/cac-nhan-duc-mot-nghe-thuat-song\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C, M\u1ed8T NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT S\u1ed0NG\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c Anh ng\u1eef\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Virtues for Ordinary Christians<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u00bb)<\/em>, c\u1ee7a cha James F. Keenan, s.j; b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0Les Vertus, un Art de Vivre<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (2002) c\u1ee7a Claire Ferras-Douxami, l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a cha Philippe Bordeyne, khoa tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e2n khoa Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Paris (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n danh ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y). B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi trong suy t\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. Trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1 l\u1edd m\u1edd n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0? \"\"<\/a>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ba c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n<\/em>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0: \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd,<\/em> d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1<\/em> (c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c)\u00a0: c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, can \u0111\u1ea3m, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa \u1edf ph\u00eda n\u00e0y\u00a0? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch chung, qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c coi nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, s\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbc mong khi ta nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t\u00a0: l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, l\u00f2ng h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 \u0111oan trang, t\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 gan d\u1ea1, etc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u00a0: m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, xa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta\u00a0; m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111ang b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng chung\u00a0; s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3\u00a0?<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf hay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00fang trong l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9\u00a0sao?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0: c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111am m\u00ea n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00a0; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa. Nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1edfi th\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t m\u00e0, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng, s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n\u00a0: n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00ednh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng. Ai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn c\u00f2n h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m gi\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng<\/em> \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf r\u00f5, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng x\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, khi cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay Hy L\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed hay Aristote. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Aristote \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung dung gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em> trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. Khi ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh\u00a0? Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u01a1i l\u00ean, h\u00f4m qua v\u00e0 h\u00f4m nay, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong s\u1ee9c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay\u00a0?<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u00ab\u00a0Tout simplement\u00a0\u00bb h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, linh m\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, cha James F. Keenan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Virtues for Ordinary Christians<\/em>, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p [1] s\u1eafp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n phong ri\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng khung v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng n\u00e9t ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nghi\u00eang, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 [2]<\/span>. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a James F. Keenan, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. \u0110oan ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ed1i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Philippe Bordeyne<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Micha\u00ebl Walsh. Theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1edf New York, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh giao ph\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Church (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i). Danh s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m. T\u00f4i \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00e1t m\u00e1y, th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Mike, n\u1ebfu m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3\u00a0; t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c.\u00a0\u00bb M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mong \u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ham mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng ai s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng suy ngh\u0129. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 theo \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed1t\u00a0\u00bb, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t chung. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, thay v\u00ec suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\u00a0: ch\u00fang h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u00e0u m\u00e8, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 xa r\u1eddi v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ng\u1eebng xem ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4i coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n quen thu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00eau d\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u00a0: h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, th\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00e1m b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. \u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec nh\u1eefng trang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eaaN V\u00c0O NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C TH\u00d3I QUEN HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf R\u00f4ma, th\u00ec quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00e8m\u00a0 theo c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma n\u1eefa, v\u00ec \u1edf R\u00f4ma, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng xem th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u1edf Boston.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5 n\u0103m, t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft ng\u01b0ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 chu \u0111\u00e1o. T\u00f4i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng n\u0103m kil\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. (T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n sau.) T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0 t\u00f4i quen bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c. (Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 h\u00fat l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f9ng.) V\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c khi t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft, n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft g\u00ec n\u1eefa trong su\u1ed1t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Tro [3]. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u1ee3 nhu\u1ed9m\u2026 Th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7\u2026 V\u1ee9t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u1ea1t t\u00e0n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. Trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kem. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd m\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00fat n\u1eefa. V\u00e0\u00a0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u0103m kil\u00f4 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. M\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n l\u00ecnh\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3i qua, nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Suy t\u01b0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nam hay n\u1eef th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH TH\u00c0NH N\u1ebeP<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111an xen nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00ab\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u00bb. Trong cu\u1ed1n Apr\u00e8s la Vertu <\/em>[4] c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Alasdair McIntyre gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00ab\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u00bb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac<\/em> ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kia. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sinh ra th\u00f3i quen. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch hay g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1eb3ng may l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp t\u00f4i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e1i xe \u00f4t\u00f4. Ta ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng xe kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i x\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. S\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh v\u1edbi s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd \u1edf h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u0103ng\u00a0 t\u1ed1c, \u0111ang khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u00ecm xe l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo sau \u1edf m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e1i xe \u00f4t\u00f4 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00e0n y\u00eau th\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef\u00a0: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, hay nhanh h\u01a1n, hay ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen<\/em>. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u00a0: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua m\u1eb7t, theo sau, b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho qua m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, \u0103n s\u00e1ng, t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, \u0111i l\u00e0m, vi\u1ebft th\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u00e0o b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ch\u01a1i th\u1ec3 thao, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, l\u00e1i xe, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eefa \u0103n, l\u1ea5y n\u1ed1t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi t\u00ednh, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, \u0103n t\u1ed1i, \u0111i ng\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, mua s\u1eafm, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nghe, xem tivi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen, m\u00e0, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang, b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0<\/em>. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 MacIntyre c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tin, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f3i quen d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen kh\u00e1c. Hai trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecaA V\u1eca X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG NGH\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i suy n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh (trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp, \u0111i mua h\u00e0ng, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169\u00a0; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem tivi v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00eda nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, th\u00ec, sau m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ee9a con nhanh nh\u1eb9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu, ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 anh r\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 t\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec hay gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y r\u00e8n n\u1eafn n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u0103n s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng sinh ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac ch\u00fang ta. Cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh ph\u1ed1 New York trong v\u00f2ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thanh tra vi\u00ean. \u00ab\u00a0Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u00bb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gian\u00a0\u00bb) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (cha t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m). C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd k\u1ec3 ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n. Khi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 Manhattan Sud, cha t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean ma c\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm\u00a0; \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00d4ng y\u00eau th\u00edch s\u1ef1 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a cha t\u00f4i m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u nghi can tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129, y t\u00e1, linh m\u1ee5c hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1t r\u00e1c\u00a0: \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea6N C\u00d3 TH\u1edcI GIAN \u0110\u1ec2 THAY \u0110\u1ed4I C\u00c1C TH\u00d3I QUEN C\u1ee6A M\u00ccNH C\u00c1CH B\u1ec0N V\u1eeeNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f4i khi ta qu\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ta ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng\u00a0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ta tin r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1eedi t\u1ee5c trong v\u00f2ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, th\u00ec th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec5 Tro. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, hai ng\u00e0y sau, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ta tu\u00f4n ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a. Hay l\u00e0, trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i\u00a0 quen c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ta th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, ta xen ch\u00fang v\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i, ta bi\u1ebft ngay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1n l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 cho ai\u2026<\/p>\n

Bao l\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi\u00a0; nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/em> m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed0N \u0110\u1ecaNH H\u01af\u1edaNG CHO \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u00a0Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/em> n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, (b\u00e2y gi\u1edd) t\u00f4i ng\u01b0ng\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian, ta kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ta b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai tham gia h\u1ed9i Alcooliques Anonymes<\/em> (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00f4 danh) hay Boulimiques Anonymes<\/em> (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n \u0103n v\u00f4 danh), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng hay v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai xin s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh hay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ta gieo tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch nghi cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

– Ta ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u1eaft v\u00e0 tai r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean h\u01a1n<\/em>. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. V\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u00e1n rong l\u1eafm chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thao t\u00fang hay nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i Alcooliques Anonymes<\/em> hay Boulimiques Anonymes <\/em>l\u00e0m, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u sang m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t, ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u00a0: ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u01b0u mang ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LU\u00c2N L\u00dd TH\u01af\u1edcNG NG\u00c0Y<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i xin b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ghi xu\u1ed1ng ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu, chi\u1ebfn tranh hay ly d\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i xin b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u00e1ng nay. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0\u00bb Tu\u1ea7n v\u1eeba qua, bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u00a0? Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng\u00a0? c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u00a0? nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u00a0? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed7i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y\u00a0? D\u00f9 sao, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch sao\u00a0? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang\u00a0\u00bb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd sao\u00a0? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 sao\u00a0? Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u00ea-k\u00edp gi\u00e1o\u00a0 x\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb n\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0sao? C\u0169ng th\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh nghi\u1ec7n \u0103n, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, t\u00ednh r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u00a0sao? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. D\u00f9 sao, ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0H\u00f4m nay, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

CU\u1ed8C S\u1ed0NG \u0110\u1edcI TH\u01af\u1edcNG THU\u1ed8C V\u1ec0 LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u00f4i d\u00e1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi h\u00ecnh dung l\u1ea1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t<\/em>. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hay t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u00ec b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef) tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo cho con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef) tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi hai \u0111i\u1ec1u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0? V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft <\/strong>t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y\u00a0?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1 thai, g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu, chi\u1ebfn tranh hay ly d\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i. Nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd d\u00f2ng T\u00ean John Mahoney, trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch [5] c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI, c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Trong v\u00f2ng 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 nam gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef0 \u0110\u1ecaNH NH\u1eeeNG M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, John Mahoney nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em> v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i\u00a0; c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. John Mahoney kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng li\u00ean l\u1ec9 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0, trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n xem hai danh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang\u00a0: danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh<\/em> (ch\u1ebft \u00eam d\u1ecbu, ph\u00e1 thai, ly d\u1ecb), danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/em> b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i g\u00ec, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab\u00a0tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0: b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, cha s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u00e1ng nay l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em> nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i [6] nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 canh t\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ai, Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 ai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/em>. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i hay nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. (Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n s\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn<\/em>\u00a0!). B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u00edt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng\u00a0: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vun tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u00c1C H\u00c0NH VI NH\u00c2N LINH THU\u1ed8C V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ba h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed hay m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, rao gi\u1ea3ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, lau ch\u00f9i, etc. \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m hay v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (hay x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n). Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang l\u00fac th\u1ee9c d\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m hay h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, h\u1ecda s\u0129, th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c hay thi s\u0129 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta<\/em>\u00a0: n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean\u00a0; n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m t\u1ed3i, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua kh\u1ecfe s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua ch\u1ea1y gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n\u00a0; m\u1ed9t v\u1edf m\u00faa ba-l\u00ea mang d\u1ea5u duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eau v\u0169\u00a0; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110ang khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua m\u1ec7t l\u1eed, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u00bb (immanentes), nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma n\u00f3i\u00a0: nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u1ed9i sang t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m k\u1ebft trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m.\u00bb \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 xem ra \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao c\u01a1 may ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch cao ng\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta\u00a0: ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Chung cu\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp<\/em>\u00a0: v\u00ec m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp l\u00e0 con tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp can \u0111\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 trung t\u00edn, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u1eefng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma ngh\u0129. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c ban mai, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3<\/strong><\/p>\n

PH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ecaNH TRONG M\u1ed8T TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI PH\u1ee8C T\u1ea0P<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y\u00a0: m\u1ed9t c\u1eed t\u1ecda\u00a0 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i ng\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd lo \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i ng\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. B\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng nghe ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u00a0: nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta soi s\u00e1ng cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hay \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf s\u1eb5n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea6N PH\u1ea2I \u0110\u1ec0 NGH\u1eca C\u00c1C NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C HAY NH\u1eeeNG NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd \u00edt gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh) b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 nghe tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i<\/em> xung quanh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, l\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y, s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m, s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u00a0; n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i hay b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng (hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i sinh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh<\/em> m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb hay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 hay n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta quen \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1 thai, ly d\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u1eeba thai. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, th\u00ec l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u00ab\u00a0li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ly d\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 thai hay kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00bb. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch l\u1edd m\u1edd v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u1eb1m \u1edf trang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1eed ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/em>. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, t\u00f4i tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em>. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec V\u1eaeN T\u1eaeT V\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 \u0110\u1ed2NG H\u00c0NH LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 X, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 xin \u01a1n tha th\u1ee9 cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec mong mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XV, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nghi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p hay b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Sau c\u00f9ng, trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 nam cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nam\u00a0\u00bb, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i chi ti\u1ebft<\/em> v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngay th\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nghi h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Sau h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u do v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1edd l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c suy t\u01b0. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 h\u00f4m nay. C\u00e1c c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nam, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn<\/em>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o th\u1eed gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f4i khi v\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u00e0nh vi li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef0 KH\u00d4N NGOAN, H\u01a0N L\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG PH\u00c1N \u0110O\u00c1N CH\u1ebe S\u1eb4N<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em> v\u00e0 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecfa lan r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/em>, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p hay b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. Nh\u01b0ng sau nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 xin h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o hay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan (<\/em>prudence) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>. Qua thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1eafng th\u1ebf\u00a0: ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng sai l\u1ea7m xem s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi<\/em>, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m cho v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0, tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1ch quan. H\u1ecd ao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho phong ph\u00fa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadn c\u0103n\u00a0: tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xin c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4n ngoan\u00a0; ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xin h\u1ecd khai d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea0I SAO C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T S\u1ef0 THAY \u0110\u1ed4I NH\u01af TH\u1ebe\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ngay th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/em> kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u00a0: nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u00a0; \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, etc. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng bo bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1edd New York Times<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 da tr\u1eafng hay \u0111en, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd sai l\u1ea7m khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi r\u0103n hay l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u00ec nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia John Courtney Murray [7] \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 [8] \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c tin h\u1eefu nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00f4m nay\u00a0: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean<\/em> trong \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1edcI M\u1edcI G\u1eccI L\u1edaN L\u00caN C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI KIT\u00d4 H\u1eeeU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh\u00a0? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau m\u1ee5c t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tr\u1ebb con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu tr\u00ec b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u01b0ng\u00a0? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh\u00a0? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0?<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf n\u00ean kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn l\u00ean. Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u00edt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfm t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0B\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb hay \u00ab\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb hay c\u00f2n n\u1eefa\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0B\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ch\u00e1n ch\u00ea r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0a\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb hay \u00ab\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia John Mahoney ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00a0\u00bb. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc linh \u0111\u1ea1o <\/em>[9].\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng hay do d\u1ef1, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Aristote v\u00e0 T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n hay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

CHUY\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A TIN M\u1eeaNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/em>. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 vi\u1ebft\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Qu\u00ean \u0111i ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 lao m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi cao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu\u00bb (Phil 3, 13-14). Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 cho l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i than tr\u00e1ch khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gal\u00e1t b\u1ecb v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Anh em \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y ngon tr\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0\u00bb (Gal 5, 7).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Phaol\u00f4 n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/em>, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u01a1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u00a0: Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111ang khi ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Damas \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft b\u1edb c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau khi ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Khi ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa ph\u1ee5c sinh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngay l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh do Phaol\u00f4 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3<\/em> c\u1ee7a Luca, l\u00e0m vang d\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u00e0, trong Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean Gi\u00earusalem. B\u01b0\u1edbc theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gieessu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7\u00a0: v\u1ecb l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Tin M\u1eebng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>\u00a0: c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1ng c\u1ecf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111i theo ng\u00f4i sao\u00a0; Giak\u00eau tr\u00e8o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 L\u00eavi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf b\u00e0n thu thu\u1ebf\u00a0; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u0103ng huy\u1ebft m\u1edf l\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u00e1i nh\u00e0\u00a0; ng\u01b0\u1eddi con hoang \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a anh ta ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nhau\u00a0; \u00f4ng Giair\u00f4 v\u00e0 Nic\u00f4\u0111\u00eam\u00f4 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u00a0; Corn\u00eali\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ph\u00ear\u00f4. C\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a MacIntyre \u00ab\u00a0<\/em>Apr\u00e8s la Vertu\u00a0\u00bb, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd xoay xung quanh ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai\u00a0? T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ai\u00a0? T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ai\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00f4ng\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u00a0: n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ai\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n.\u00a0\u00bb C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0N\u01a1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb Paul Waddell t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0\u00bb Ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n <\/em>[10].<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeN T\u1edaI\u00a0: M\u1ed8T TI\u1ebeNG G\u1eccI V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1edbi\u00a0: ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u.\u00a0\u00bb Th\u00e1nh B\u00eana\u0111\u00f4 n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00f9i.\u00a0\u00bb T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh B\u00eana\u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft hai vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9ng y\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p Babel, hay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c P\u00e9lage, r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u00a0: \u00abN\u00f3i th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i, hay \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2u; nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 Gi\u00ea-su chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t.\u00a0\u00bb (Phil 3, 12). Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3. V\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00c1I NH\u00ccN THO\u00c1NG QUA V\u1ec0 TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II tin l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh [11].\u00a0\u00bb Trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/em>. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 nam gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia kinh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ch\u00fa nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nghi h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00ab\u00a0n\u1ed1\u00a0\u00bb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh ch\u00fa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0: trong c\u00e1c \u00ab\u00a0th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u00bb, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nghi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 d\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh hay ly d\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n x\u1ea5u hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i<\/em> (intrins\u00e8quement mauvaises). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 nam c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nghi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n hay nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

[\u2026]<\/em> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 William Frankena v\u00e0 Bruno Sch\u00fcler, \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn trong lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Theo h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i\u00a0; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Frankena v\u00e0 Sch\u00fcler cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i sinh\u00a0; c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c thi th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hay c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Martha Nussbaum kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0: ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ngay th\u1eb3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0: nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Trong vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang <\/em>[12].<\/p>\n

C\u00c1C NH\u00c0 GI\u1ea2NG THUY\u1ebeT TH\u1edcI XA X\u01afA<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lu\u1eadt tr\u1eeb<\/em>. Trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111ang khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u2013 th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Anti\u00f4kia, Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4, Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 \u2013 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0; c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00e3y \u1edf y\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u0103m lo th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/em>. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Khi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c hay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/em>, cho d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00e9t nh\u1ea5n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em> v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 Tin M\u1eebng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh, th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Clara. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn cao n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Khi k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

BA CHUY\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ed8NG THEO TH\u00c1NH T\u00d4MA <\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/em> \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a hai chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/em>\u201d Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ecdc Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u00f4i qua, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo \u00fd t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft. Khi rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n

Tin M\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, mong \u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n tr\u00e1nh sang b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc \u0103n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1edf s\u1ed1ng d\u1edf ch\u1ebft kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng theo m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi?\u201d N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u01af\u1edcI HAI C\u00c2U H\u1eceI V\u1ec0 L\u01af\u01a0NG T\u00c2M<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, khi\u1ebfn y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn tha nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 qua c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u00e2u v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 si\u00eau ng\u00e3<\/em> (le surmoi)?<\/em><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. John Glaser \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m [13]. Si\u00eau ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, si\u00eau ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, khi canh ch\u1eebng ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean l\u1ec9, \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1y ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i, b\u1ecf tay v\u00e0o \u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u01a1i dao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta \u0103n m\u1eb7c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, r\u1eeda tay, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n uy tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Khi ta l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00ec ta b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00e0ng tr\u00f4i qua, th\u00ec ta c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh sum h\u1ecdp. Ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, h\u1ee9a r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ta h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb sai tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i cho b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 si\u00eau ng\u00e3. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.\u00a0\u00bb Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u00e0y n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a si\u00eau ng\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda do si\u00eau ng\u00e3 th\u1ed1t ra. V\u00e0 khi ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec si\u00eau ng\u00e3 l\u1ea1i xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/em> g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u1ed1t m\u00ecnh trong ph\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady cha ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00ab\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c si\u00eau ng\u00e3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c. Khi ta n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 si\u00eau ng\u00e3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch. Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 x\u1eed sai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 anh ta ng\u01b0ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed1t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng si\u00eau ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ebf.\u00a0\u00bb Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u01a1i si\u00eau ng\u00e3\u00a0: t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n n\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ta nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a si\u00eau ng\u00e3, th\u00ec ta h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/em>. C\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00fd, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Ta c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a si\u00eau ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p nhau, th\u1ec9nh tho\u00e0ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng si\u00eau ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u\u00a0?<\/em><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe h\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed5 c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 r\u1eeda tay. Nh\u01b0ng khi ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ?<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 cho suy t\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u00f9y theo vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe theo n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng cha \u0111ang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do tin t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n?<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn tha nh\u00e2n. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u00f3 ta t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ed1i khi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. Ta c\u0169ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ta c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. Ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c?<\/em><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Pierre Lombard danh ti\u1ebfng, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ta n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t do vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u00edt gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng theo nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tin m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ta \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ta \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf sao?<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u khung c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ta qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u1ea5u, th\u00ec ta \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bi\u1ebft bao r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ec9 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/em>, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ta nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ta \u1edf trong sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng. Ta ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi ta ng\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y L\u00eavi trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu (Lc 10, 25-37). Nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u1ea1y, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, th\u00ec do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ta ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean hay ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea5u. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ta h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Adolf\u00a0 Hitler\u00a0 nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/em>\u00a0? [14]<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Hitler \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hay \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y\u00a0?<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf ra cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n<\/em>. Khi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n Hai<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C \u0110\u1ed0I\u00a0 TH\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C TIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1982 v\u00e0 1987, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma. Trong th\u1eddi gian h\u00e8, t\u00f4i \u0111i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1n t\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i \u00c1o. M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1ecd, \u0111ang khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Munich, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111i Dachau. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Hai, v\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Dachau \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu, ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tr\u1ea1i. \u1ede c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f2ng T\u00ean n\u01a1i t\u00f4i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf Munich, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean \u00fay cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i\u00a0 v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Hai khi tr\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf Dachau.<\/p>\n

H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ebeN DACHAU<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3n xe bus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ga, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. C\u00e0ng \u0111i t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i c\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Dachau sau n\u0103m 1945\u00a0? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai m\u00e0 \u00edt x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1eab l\u1ea5y n\u01a1i b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ma t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. V\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, t\u00f4i v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn sang khu tr\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch xim\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111en v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tho\u00e1t th\u1eb3ng ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai An-p\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i t\u1ef1\u00a0 nh\u1ee7 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ai m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha du c\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn khu tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i d\u1ecdc khu g\u1ea1ch xim\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 k\u00e9o chu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i nghe m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda\u00a0\u00bb, ch\u1ecb n\u1eef tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. \u00ab\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng T\u00ean v\u00e0 cha tuy\u00ean \u00fay c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda r\u1ed3i.\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0V\u1eady t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n sao\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 Hai, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Dachau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f2n t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u0111en v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. L\u00fac quay v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, d\u1ea7u sao t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn Dachau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u00f4i s\u1eafp t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u00a0? T\u00f4i b\u0103ng sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u1eafng. T\u00f4i nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c treo \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y th\u00e9p gai m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/em> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y th\u00e9p gai, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i\u00a0; v\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1eedng s\u1edd. Trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb suy s\u1ee5p tinh th\u1ea7n. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh ti ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00a0l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb qu\u1eadt ng\u00e3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. V\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 tin, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd sau, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng do t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecd tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u00f4i r\u1eddi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Khi \u0111i ra, t\u00f4i ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n m\u00e2y b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y nhau \u1edf ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111i ngang tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p ba b\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t ra l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ba-vi-e\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Gr\u00fcss Gott\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ec9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

G\u1eb6P G\u1ee0 THI\u00caN CH\u00daA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ef9 ng\u00f4n, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 hay nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u00f9y theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i l\u00e0. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a trang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5y trang, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho t\u00f4i khi t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh cho th\u1ea5y\u00a0: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, hay \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch r\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/em>, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00e1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa trong ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em> h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ao \u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00f4i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecfi h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ecf h\u1ebft \u0111i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0Till We Have Faces<\/em>\u201d, C. S. Lewis \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u x\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c cho cai tr\u1ecb sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 Psych\u00e9 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ean l\u00e0 Cupidon. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tay ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 che gi\u1ea5u khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t x\u1ea5u x\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Sau bi\u1ebft bao n\u0103m th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 n\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Cupidon. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh mang m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e0o th\u00e9t l\u00ean h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i\u00a0? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i x\u1ea5u x\u00ed\u00a0? T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0? T\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb N\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong c\u01a1n t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, n\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e0o l\u00ean. N\u00e0ng gi\u1eadt chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. L\u00fac n\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ra, th\u00ec n\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng mang m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. L\u00e0m sao n\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng\u00a0? C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ee9c tin h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i mang nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1<\/em>. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do x\u1ea5u xa, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i thanh danh m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh ra nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c khi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00fa, ch\u00ednh khi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u00f3a trang nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i r\u1edbt \u0111i c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hay trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1edfi b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn. Khi s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n hay s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ebfu th\u1eafng n\u1eefa\u00a0; b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00f3a trang n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 cung th\u00e1nh<\/em> m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cung th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng cung th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd hay chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C C\u1eacY<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb sau hai n\u0103m th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0i th\u00edch c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i hay l\u00e0 an t\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n\u00a0: c\u00f3 c\u00f4 d\u00e2u, \u00e1o c\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u00fa r\u1ec5, c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9, etc. Trong l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 em b\u00e9, cha m\u1eb9, v\u00fa b\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, etc. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n thu h\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trang l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y d\u00e0i trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. C\u1eed t\u1ecda th\u00ec m\u1ec7t l\u1eed. V\u00e0o \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc h\u00f2m, d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00fac b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tang ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u1ea5t m\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn. B\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau khi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t g\u1ecdi cho ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra vui v\u1ebb. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 vui v\u1ebb. Ng\u00e0i m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1eddi, vui \u0111\u00f9a. Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

H\u00c3Y \u0110\u1ec2 CH\u1ed6 CHO S\u1ef0 PHI\u1ec0N MU\u1ed8N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tang khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nghi th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng. N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tham d\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi. Sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n sang ni\u1ec1m vui, t\u1eeb m\u00e0u \u0111en sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ebd ra h\u1ecd n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1eed t\u1ecda v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau. L\u00fac l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, c\u1eed t\u1ecda \u0111ang \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u xa. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd vui m\u1eebng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m vui. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ni\u1ec1m vui, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y l\u00fac con m\u00ecnh chao \u0111\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec1m vui, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu g\u00ec n\u1eefa<\/em>. V\u00e0o l\u00fac di\u1ec5n ra nghi th\u1ee9c an t\u00e1ng, theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u1ede nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n bao tr\u00f9m. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd h\u1eb3n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n b\u1edfi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng h\u1ecd, khi h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c an t\u00e1ng. Ch\u00ednh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng mang l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em> v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u00c0 C\u00c1I CH\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI M\u1ed8T T\u00cdN H\u1eeeU\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, th\u1ec3 l\u00fd v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau c\u00f9ng\u00a0: c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e3n h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u00a0; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00edt th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00edn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft m\u1edf ra. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0ng h\u1eedng<\/em>. Ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ph\u1ee5c sinh, cho d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta run r\u1ea9y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i nghi ng\u1edd n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i n\u00e0o, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n n\u1ebfm th\u1eed h\u01a1n \u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u00edt c\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u hy v\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng trong ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecf neo<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng. Khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb l\u1eafc l\u01b0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady, c\u00e1i m\u1ecf neo m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean v\u1eefng trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ch\u00ednh khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb lay \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n trong Chr\u00e9tiens, demain\u00a0: Le visiteur <\/em>[15]<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Brian Moore vi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican III, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111an tu. Vatican g\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cha vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay. Khi ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra. S\u1ef1 gay go c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho v\u1ecb kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft, trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n quay phim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 \u0111ang kinh s\u1ee3, qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, th\u1eed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 trong Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u1ede ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y\u00a0: n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh khi ch\u00fang ta y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9\u00a0: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean si\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean si\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng<\/em>. V\u00ec r\u00ean si\u1ebft t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi hy v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i<\/em>, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ch\u00fang v\u1eabn h\u00e3y c\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 qu\u00fd g\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng b\u1edfi n\u1ed5i kinh s\u1ee3, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng hy v\u1ecdng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f3c than m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C C\u1eacY NH\u01af L\u00c0 \u00c2N BAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tang m\u00e0 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 an t\u00e1ng, hay cha tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Brian Moore, hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma<\/em>, ch\u1ec9 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang\u00a0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, hai nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c hay l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbn l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n ban, nh\u1eefng \u00e2n ban thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u00e0, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111ang ban cho ch\u00fang ta ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu x\u00e1c t\u00edn hay s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, m\u1ecf neo m\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta xem \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho ch\u00fang ta Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n hy v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u00e2n ban c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 ban l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea7m \u0129. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, thinh l\u1eb7ng th\u00e0nh h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9. N\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi \u00f3c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m sa m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ngay gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u00eam d\u1ecbu<\/em> n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang ta r\u00ean si\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t, khi ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C \u00c1I, M\u1eb8 C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n v\u1eeba qua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i chung, phong ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 vui m\u1eebng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. Su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c, \u0111ang khi b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i \u1edf cung th\u00e1nh, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Khi nh\u00ecn c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m cho khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u k\u00edn n\u00e0y, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 phong ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m. N\u1eb1m du\u1ed7i ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u00e1t kinh c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh cho t\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1t ru\u1ed9t ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1ec5 phong ch\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0\u0111ang l\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i\u00a0\u00bb, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e0\u00a0; n\u00f3 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0; n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c\u00a0; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f3c than cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i qua \u0111\u1eddi hai n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u00ean trong kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c phong ch\u1ee9c. Khi b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca ng\u1eebng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m sau, khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y phong ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra khi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i bi\u1ebft bao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 N\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u00d4I<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hay nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hay r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u1eb1ng co gi\u1eefa \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u00ab\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m\u00a0\u00bb l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111ang khi di\u1ec5n ra nghi th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eeba xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra khi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/em>. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bi\u1ebft bao. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i. Ta hi\u1ebfm khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 duy nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng hay r\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac ch\u00ednh khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c hay k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/em> v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/em> bi\u1ebft bao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft, \u00ab\u00a0s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn t\u00ecnh t\u1ee9\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 hay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfm k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

HUY\u1ec0N THO\u1ea0I V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u01a0 THU\u1ea6N T\u00daY<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i n\u1ecd, t\u00f4i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts [16]. T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n linh ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng khi ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u00ab\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay\u00a0\u00bb. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh h\u01a1i ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 \u0111ang tha th\u1ee9. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 Einstein v\u00e0 Fermi, hai nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a<\/em>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1n s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C \u00c1I<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho ti\u1ec1n khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p chung hay v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00ab\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0\u00bb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>, \u1edf ngay trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0m\u1eb9\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean n\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 \u00e2n ban nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta \u1edf ch\u1ed1n s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i h\u00e9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C \u00c1I, \u0110\u00d3 L\u00c0 T\u00ccNH Y\u00caU<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u0169ng gi\u00fap tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 k\u00ecm n\u00e9n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh duy ng\u00e3 trung t\u00e2m, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch \u00e2u y\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta. X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean<\/em> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u00a0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i gia t\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9<\/em>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00e0nh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, cho tha nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang ta t\u1eed t\u1ebf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, \u01b0u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o\u00a0: n\u00f3 g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Chung quy l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mong \u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1edd n\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hay xung \u0111\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c t\u00edn, n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u00ab\u00a0xin v\u00e2ng\u00a0\u00bb hay \u00ab\u00a0t\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u00bb trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0: kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m (courage). C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng can \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho hai ti\u00eau ch\u00ed chung\u00a0: ch\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u00a0; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00fang. Trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c trong <\/em>Ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4, Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4, Cix\u00earon v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 danh x\u01b0ng \u00ab\u00a0b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\u00a0\u00bb b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c sau\u00a0: kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, can \u0111\u1ea3m (force) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\u00a0\u00bb b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu\u00a0\u00bb, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e1t khao \u00ab\u00a0s\u1ef1 ngay th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u00bb, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. S\u1ef1 ngay th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u00ab\u00a0nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ban cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb (1-2, q. 61, a. 1 corp). N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd ch\u00fang ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0; \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n hay tr\u00ed d\u1ee5c\u00a0; \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c hay th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn hay hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn. B\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t <\/em>\u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, n\u00ean ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p xem m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh.<\/em><\/p>\n

[\u2026] Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma l\u00e0 <\/em>theo ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt\u00a0: vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafm c\u00e1ch chung \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfu t\u1ecfa h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t theo hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u00a0: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf trong t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c (app\u00e9tit rationel), n\u00ean n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\u00a0; th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1edfi v\u00ec duy ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1eeba \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 v\u1eeba x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0, theo th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu <\/em>[17].<\/p>\n

Theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean can. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c [18], h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 ch\u0103m lo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

[\u2026] Nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, khi c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi cho nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 h\u01a1n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0: n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang <\/em>[19].<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ri\u00eang t\u01b0 hay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i\u00a0: n\u00f3 d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, etc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111ang khi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i chung c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em> h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng hay s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay \u2013 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00edt hay h\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat h\u1ed3i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4i ng\u00e3 to l\u1edbn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1eed l\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n phim K\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t II<\/em>\u00a0: Arnold Schwarzenegger ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e0ng trai c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00ec theo Arnold, ch\u00e0ng trai quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, do Linda Hamilton \u0111\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u b\u00e0 ta. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e3n s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chung<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn), th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng<\/em> (l\u2019estime de soi). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u0103m lo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/em> (le souci de soi), v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00fa h\u01a1n. Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Antigone<\/em>, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Th\u00e8bes \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i l\u00ean do l\u00f2ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9 gi\u1eefa hai anh em. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u0169y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n. V\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Antigone, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4 ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c quy lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u00f3\u00a0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t cho anh trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng. C\u1ea3 ba tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tam di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n phim The Scent of a Woman<\/em>. Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i xe c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Havard. \u00d4ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i anh ta th\u00f4ng tin cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng anh ta, d\u00f9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0 x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng). S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/em> c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t khi anh ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu anh ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, th\u00ec \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd g\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho Havard, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a anh ta. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e0ng trai ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan s\u1ebd d\u1ea1y cho anh ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 ch\u0103m lo cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9<\/strong><\/p>\n

NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C TRUNG T\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1eddi qua ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, sau nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng g\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau la hay nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng r\u00ean si\u1ebft, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao con v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb B\u00ean kia ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng con c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9a con, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i\u00a0: m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00a0! Vang v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i A\u0111am trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ca\u0111en, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb\u00a0\u00bb Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 log\u00edc ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, l\u1ea9m nh\u1ea9m c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ba\/m\u1eb9 c\u00f3c c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ecb con \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m\u00a0; ba\/m\u1eb9 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con ng\u01b0ng c\u00e3i nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0: ch\u00fang h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn l\u1eabn nhau<\/em>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00f3m b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh ho\u1ea1t. H\u1ecd ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 hay \u0111i d\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ghi kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 khai m\u1edf<\/em> cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ed1ng chung. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang\u00a0; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i\u00a0; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n h\u01a1n, phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 hai hay ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau. Khi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 khi h\u1ecd k\u00eau l\u00ean\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c con v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C L\u00d2NG TRUNG T\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn cho con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00ean, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt kh\u01a1i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t trung\u201d l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd: tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn<\/em>? Khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y: \u0111i \u0103n t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i, g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, \u0111i d\u1ea1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0103n tr\u01b0a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con? Khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eadt, xem phim, trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean hay du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd? Ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u00edt coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi l\u00fd do, bao l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, th\u00ec xem ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t \u0111i (hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111i) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i coi \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3i chung, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

TR\u1ede N\u00caN V\u1eeaA C\u00d4NG B\u1eb0NG V\u1eeaA TRUNG T\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lawrence Kohlberg \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u1eb1m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd [20]. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, Kohlberg \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i danh, m\u00e0 uy t\u00edn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n Socrate, Thomas More [21], Gandhi hay Martin Luther King, trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Kohlberg. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Carol Gilligan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh In a Different Voice<\/em>. Gilligan nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tri gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, \u0111ang khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, Carol Gilligan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1ch m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u1edbn trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng trung t\u00edn<\/em> trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd: c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

T\u00ccNH B\u1eb0NG H\u1eeeU, CH\u00ccA KH\u00d3A C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn, c\u00f3 hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Friendship and the Moral Life<\/em>, Paul Waddell kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Aristote, c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, m\u00e0, c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gia th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng khi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xem t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Waddell nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em>. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ai b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, vui c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c m\u1edbi \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u2013 , c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ng\u00e0i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Margaret Farley nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Personal Commitments: Beginning, Keeping, Changing<\/em>. B\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. B\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u sinh ho\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, chia s\u1ebb, s\u1ed1ng chung, cho \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eacP LUY\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ee8C TRUNG T\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Khi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi k\u00eau ca c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u01b0 x\u1eed thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb\/em c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/em> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Tri\u1ebft gia John Rawls [22] \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u1ed1t l\u00ean l\u00e0: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng\u201d. Th\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00fa, l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng hay nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n con?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i th\u00eam ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/em>.\u201d Mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng
\n\u0111\u1ee9a con, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng; ch\u00fang ta d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p; ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng nhau trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau th\u00edch; r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta chia s\u1ebb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1ebd m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/em> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta: c\u00f9ng nhau l\u1edbn l\u00ean<\/em>. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111i d\u1ea1o h\u01a1n, ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf th\u00f3i quen t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. S\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 k\u00eau ca \u201cn\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n con\u201d im ti\u1ebfng trong ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta \u201cs\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C TRUNG T\u00cdN TRONG GI\u00c1O X\u1ee8<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00e0ng trai \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00fap l\u1ec5 ban sang khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh, th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 mang M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean canh ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, cha m\u1eb9 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i Alcooliques Anonymes<\/em> chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t, gia \u0111\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef cho nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tin, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, cha s\u1edf cho d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n l\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 che cho ba cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp li\u00ean hoan. V\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1m \u01a1n s\u00e1u tr\u0103m thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Trong bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 hai, ng\u00e0i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecbt \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd kinh nghi\u1ec7m, cha s\u1edf n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i quen qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n b\u00ean nhau l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C C\u00d4NG B\u1eb0NG (LA JUSTICE)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1ea1n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u201c\u0110\u1eebng!\u201d. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0ng kh\u00f3c, \u0111i ng\u1ee7 hay vui ch\u01a1i c\u00e1ch t\u1eed t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao?\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u201cba\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb9\u201d ra, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in d\u1ea5u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao?\u201d, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea1i sao<\/em>\u201d t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch xo\u00e0ng x\u0129nh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc phi l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp ban b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt<\/em> gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em h\u1ecd hay v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft m\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i. \u201cTao s\u1ebd \u0111i m\u00e1ch m\u1eb9\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111e d\u1ecda, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra, \u0111ang khi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, chung cu\u1ed9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

THUY\u1ebeT PH\u1ee4C V\u00c0 TH\u01af\u01a0NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi b\u00e0: khi ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng nom ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0 ngh\u1eb9t h\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00edn th\u00e1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201cnh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o nghi\u00eam t\u00fac\u201d ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u00f2ng khoan dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i quay v\u1ec1 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: \u201cNh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i.\u201d Th\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u00e0 t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n cha m\u1eb9. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00e0. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 anh hay ch\u1ecb tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u0103n nh\u00e0, th\u00ec c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ba ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4, th\u00ec c\u00f4 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u00ec \u00edt bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trai v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u00e1i, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch treo ho\u00e3n quy lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh c\u00f4 ta ban b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, ai x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i, ai s\u1ebd \u0111i ng\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb t\u1ecf ra c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta l\u1eafng nghe trong ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f4 ta d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh hay c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ba m\u1eb9.\u201d Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9<\/em> m\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u00e1ng c\u00e0ng tr\u00f4i qua, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0 g\u00e1i hay l\u00e0 trai, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o. Ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 k\u00edn m\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c khi\u00eau v\u0169 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a phe nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i giao h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gieo r\u1eafc m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e3i nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u00dd TH\u1ee8C V\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 C\u00d4NG B\u00ccNH (\u00e9quit\u00e9) <\/strong>[23]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt ng\u1ea7m nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb khi, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, n\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng\u201d. Khi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho d\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng khi b\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 c\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u1ed3n \u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a em trai hay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a em g\u00e1i, hay khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi r\u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m<\/em> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng hay x\u1ea5u xa. Ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thi\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng; ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u1ee9 danh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, th\u00ec ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng<\/em>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Martin Luther King \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i l\u00ean gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u00e1nh Gandhi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chay t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Dorothy Day [24] \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc l\u1eddi th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi? hay l\u00e0\u00a0 An sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i? hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u01a1n? H\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1? N\u1ebfu ta b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1edd th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc khi ch\u00fang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

PH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ecaNH C\u00d4NG \u00cdCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, khi ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hay s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt gia nh\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/em> ch\u00fang gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m, \u00edt ra t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1eefa, khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c sinh nh\u1eadt hay nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra h\u00f4m nay -, th\u00ec \u1edf nh\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00edch l\u1ee3i chung c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khi m\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 tr\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho ch\u00fang ta su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, \u1edf b\u00e0n \u0103n, trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, \u1edf ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch hay tr\u00ean xe, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 John Donne \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh <\/em>[25]\u201d.<\/p>\n

H\u1eccC X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG C\u00c1C QUY LU\u1eacT<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u2013 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u2013 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u201cba\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng \u201cT\u1ea1i sao?\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y tra v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cTao s\u1ebd \u0111i m\u00e1ch m\u1eb9\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1ch ba m\u1eb9\u201d. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0103n n\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 ra nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/em>. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed5 \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edch. Cho n\u00ean, khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> tham gia v\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n. Tham gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con r\u1ed1i: \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb con v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n danh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7n d\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0103n \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 sai tr\u00e1i: ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec sai tr\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng hay s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf ai c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd hay bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i im l\u1eb7ng, hay l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u201cboa\u201d th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7<\/em>. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7. Ch\u00ednh khi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u00edch<\/em>, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C T\u1ef0 TR\u1eccNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trung h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba ghi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1eafng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Anh \u0111\u00e3 ghi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1eafng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u00a0? Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tay gi\u01a1 l\u00ean. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh, em tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u1ed2\u00a0! H\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p may th\u00f4i\u00a0; t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi l\u1eafm \u0111\u00e2u.\u00a0\u00bb Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tay h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hay. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.\u00a0\u00bb \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Em s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a em r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u1ecfi.\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, v\u1edbi cung gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng th\u1eed tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh li\u1ec1u\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0B\u1edfi v\u00ec em h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u1ebfu em t\u1ef1 g\u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng cho m\u00ecnh.\u00a0\u00bb T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i\u00a0: c\u00e1m \u01a1n.\u00a0\u00bb V\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng t\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

CHO PH\u00c9P S\u1ef0 KHI\u00caM T\u1ed0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn ra li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, coi m\u00ecnh t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thu h\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc, trong khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Trong khi \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0L\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, Joan Didion \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. B\u00e0 vi\u1ebft,\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu. N\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ly anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a X\u00a0; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Y \u0111\u00e3 quay v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Houston, h\u00e3y xem anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebb g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u1eabn ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ba\u00a0: c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn. N\u0103m v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef, tu s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00ab\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u00bb c\u00e1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o khi nh\u1eefng tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn. \u00ab\u00a0Chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn chuy\u1ec1n cho nhau xem cu\u1ed1n phim c\u1ee7a Joan Didion\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u00bb. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed0N B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. Khi g\u1ecdi b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\u00a0\u00bb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, hai hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ba c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef cardo<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 cho hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0\u00bb T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 ba, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3<\/em>. \u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hay b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u00e8m pha v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00eam v\u00e0o kho t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1eddi \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u00e0o n\u1eefa c\u1ea3\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Khi ch\u00fang ta trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 \u1ea5u tr\u0129, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 \u00edch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng\u00a0: ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta. D\u00f9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 chung thu\u1ef7, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 hay nh\u1eefng c\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u0169 phu hay b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd\u00a0? V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn n\u1ed5i kh\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n v\u00e0\/ ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh\u00a0? V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0quy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9a con n\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c\u00a0? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 -, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf \u00ab\u00a0n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta xem m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau\u00a0; \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta coi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch \u01b0u bi\u1ec7t\u00a0; \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u00a0: ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/em>.<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C CON C\u00c1I CH\u00daNG TA<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y cho con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh khi th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh khi th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan. Ch\u00ednh khi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y cho con c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/em>. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang ta,\u00a0 con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap con c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1\u00a0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecm c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Central Park<\/em> hay nh\u01b0 thung l\u0169ng Grand Canyon<\/em>.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00fang d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00fac c\u1ea3m l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 g\u1ea7n, c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 khi ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i. Con c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft, \u00edt ra ch\u00fang ta hy v\u1ecdng th\u1ebf, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111ang m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u anh em hay ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, con c\u00e1i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Khi ch\u00fang ta mong \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb9 hay ba, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 ba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edt ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ee8C T\u1ef0 TR\u1eccNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00e1m tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ly d\u1ecb \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ebfn giao \u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean xem b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch khoan dung<\/em>, ch\u0103m lo b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft \u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0? C\u00f3 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc hay gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng\u00a0? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong Tin M\u1eebng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi an \u1ee7i m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ebfn nghe Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0? C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n [26]\u00a0\u00bb c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nghe n\u00f3i l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng quan tr\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0; lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u01b0ng ch\u00ea gh\u00e9t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12<\/strong><\/p>\n

VI\u1ec6C GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 NH\u00c2N \u0110\u1ee8C KH\u00d4N NGOAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn. Ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa n\u1ea5u \u0103n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00e0i hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Em trai t\u00f4i Bob v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a em trai nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trong ng\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 Keenan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sinh nh\u1eadt m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho Bob v\u00e0 t\u00f4i. V\u00ec Bob sinh sau t\u00f4i ba tr\u0103m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb sinh \u0111\u00f4i\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt c\u00f9ng nhau. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tin. Cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau: r\u1ea1p xi\u1ebfc, Far West, etc.; \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u. M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng s\u00f4c\u00f4la. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 anh em h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3 trang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u00f3a trang th\u00e0nh Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Crochet. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, d\u1ea3i b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft, kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n!<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kho t\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, cho d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ra t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u2013 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u2013 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u t\u00ecnh y\u00eau hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp vui m\u1eebng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

VI\u1ec6C T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C CHO T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI \u0110\u00d2I H\u1eceI S\u1ef0 KH\u00d4N NGOAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00ec xin cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3: m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i li\u00ean hoan gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 x\u01b0a, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn; b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u00ea-k\u00edp v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; b\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 hay b\u1ea1n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7; c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Cho d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 trang th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n hay \u0111i kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec3ng nh\u01b0 Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Crochet xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 ngh\u00ecn n\u01a1i trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec chung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung cu\u1ed9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed5 ra n\u01a1i c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan [27] . Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c m\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t vi\u1ec5n <\/strong>ki\u1ebfn (visionnaire) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, cha Klaus Demmer [28], n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cTrong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (r\u00e9actif), nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> (actif). C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.\u201d Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng cam l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ng\u00e0y mai: n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0y mai x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LU\u00c2N L\u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd? T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng; c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, n\u00f3 ghi kh\u1eafc ba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd li\u00ean l\u1ec9 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta<\/em>. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan gi\u00fap ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh theo c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb<\/em>, nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ed1t ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea5u xa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta\u00a0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t xem c\u00e1c n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00f3 d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn suy ngh\u0129 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c, c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta. Khi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t trung. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n trong t\u00f4i th\u00f3i quen h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> theo \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C KH\u00d4N NGOAN TRONG GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t. Theo \u00fd t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec, n\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta: c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbp, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/em> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean<\/em> nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111ang l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con Julie hay Gr\u00e9goire b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh<\/em> nh\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 khu ph\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t? Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n<\/em>: con c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i hay e d\u00e8? N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ra sao? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh va v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00e0o b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt r\u1ee5t r\u00e8 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin? Ch\u00ednh khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/em> d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng con tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ai. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u00ed n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t hay x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 tin v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m sao cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1. Con c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t cho n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u201cs\u1ef1 trung dung gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/em>.\u201d C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1; ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u01a1i n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn; tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m? Ch\u00ednh khi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00e0 ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian con m\u00ecnh l\u1edbn l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 khoan dung. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng que di\u00eam, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khoan dung?<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 b\u0103n kho\u0103n. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung dung hay \u201cs\u1ef1 trung dung gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c pha ch\u1ebf s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 trung dung gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khoan dung th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gay go c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/em> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c suy t\u01b0<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C CH\u00cdNH M\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 trung dung gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9; ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 khi h\u1ecd th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, trung t\u00edn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u01b0u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn l\u00fac v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p kinh kh\u1ee7ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0111ang khi m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: b\u1eb1ng\u00a0 c\u00e1ch coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u00ec chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C CAN \u0110\u1ea2M<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ba b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh; ch\u00fang th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng hai nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T S\u1ef0 CAN \u0110\u1ea2M \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C B\u00c9N R\u1ec4 S\u00c2U TR\u00caN NH\u1eeeNG X\u00c1C T\u00cdN<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i n\u1ecd khi cha t\u00f4i, s\u0129 quan c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u. B\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 b\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng r\u1eafc trong nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i li\u1ec7u t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vui l\u00f2ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cD\u0129 nhi\u00ean\u201d, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i s\u1ee3. khi t\u1eeb h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i can \u0111\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3: n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i can \u0111\u1ea3m, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Khi t\u00f4i cho b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u00ec b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf Brooklyn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u201ccan \u0111\u1ea3m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng gi\u1ecfi\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn G. Gordon Liddy [29] \u0111\u1eb7t tay tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. Nh\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1edf Selma. D\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc th\u00ec h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd can \u0111\u1ea3m. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng \u1edf Brooklyn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m. Khi c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Selma [30], h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i xem ph\u00f3ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 lao v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0110en \u0111ang di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh v\u00ec c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft<\/em> r\u1eb1ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eafp l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i h\u1ecd, th\u1ebf m\u00e0<\/em> h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chinh ph\u1ee5c t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

CAN \u0110\u1ea2M KH\u00d4NG NAO N\u00daNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 sau, t\u00f4i xem m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong phim \u201cGandhi\u201d: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u; kh\u00f4ng ai trong h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m neo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eabn trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai hay nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1\u00a0n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, h\u1ecd theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 lay chuy\u1ec3n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xem ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. Rosa Parks [31] \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang khi b\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc xe bu\u00fdt. Thomas More [32] \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang khi, \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00f9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vua. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

CAN \u0110\u1ea2M X\u00ca D\u1ecaCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, hay b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, hay bay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Aristote nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ai can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ai h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t: khi ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian suy ngh\u0129, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 hay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Cho d\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, tinh hoa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ta suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 bay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111e d\u1ecda \u2013 d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, v\u0169 l\u1ef1c hung t\u1ee3n, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u \u0111i, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay \u0111ang x\u00ea d\u1ecbch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u \u0111i; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng c\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u hay nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c h\u1ecd, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u1eabn y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m (handicap\u00e9)\u00a0ti\u1ebfp theo sau m\u01b0u t\u00ednh\u00a0c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u \u0111i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n (v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang), ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t c\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n hay ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ta t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu ta tr\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Hai th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang hay c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, theo t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i: ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu coi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy. \u0110\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1eeb b\u1ecf khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/em>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef0 CAN \u0110\u1ea2M \u1ede \u0110\u1ed2I CAN-V\u00ca<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 can \u0111\u1ea3m trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. S\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00d4liu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Th\u1eadp<\/em> gi\u00e1<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Cha Ng\u00e0i<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta. Trong cu\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, cu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. S\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, trong s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Gioan, c\u1ee7a Maria Ma\u0111al\u00eana v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3i Can-v\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c binh l\u00ednh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t can \u0111\u1ea3m n\u01a1i th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gioan di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y\u2026\u201d Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh ra \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a anh ta h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong trong c\u01a1n ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, \u0111ang khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u anh kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4i khi anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng khi anh c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. \u0110\u1ee9c anh d\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ecb b\u1eaft trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u. S\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

TR\u1ede N\u00caN CAN \u0110\u1ea2M H\u01a0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c binh l\u00ednh m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i hay tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia. Hai th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ra \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u00dd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c gia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y anh ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u hay nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, anh ta ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111e d\u1ecda. \u0110\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, che ch\u1edf hay gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u khi ai \u0111\u00f3 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

\u00dd h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. C\u00e1c binh l\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Trong khi t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi<\/em>. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch:\u00a0 d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, anh ta lu\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh: ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd ghi kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh khi c\u00f9ng nhau<\/em> m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gan d\u1ea1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. V\u00ec t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, s\u1ef1 gan d\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh anh h\u00f9ng khi c\u00e1n c\u00e2n nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i hay m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. \u0110\u1ee9c anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 can \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap \u0111ang khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 may kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan. N\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh can \u0111\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00d3 T\u01af TH\u1ebe S\u1eb4N S\u00c0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 trung t\u00edn, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng hay ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c can \u0111\u1ea3m. Theo th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng<\/em>. V\u00ec l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eafm t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nhau. Trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t n\u1ed5i l\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho gia t\u0103ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111e d\u1ecda. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec3m nguy, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u0103m d\u1ecda hay b\u1ecb l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, s\u1ebd t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u hay ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a hay \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh \u201ccor<\/em>\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 tim. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, n\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ra tay c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang ng\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd v\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. D\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho con c\u00e1i hay b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 14<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee8C TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1eed nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fordham, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Khi t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: \u201c Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen lu\u00f4n vui ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta r\u1eb1ng anh ta qu\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng vui ch\u01a1i, th\u00ec theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, anh ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 anh ta s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c), th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed n\u00e0y. V\u00ec \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta an l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG TH\u00d3I QUEN (HABITUDES) V\u00c0 NH\u1eeeNG TH\u01af\u1edcNG T\u00cdNH (HABITUS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fordham c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. H\u1ecd hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i hay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. Cho d\u1ea7u trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1. \u0110a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp, nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc u\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhau. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean vui ch\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed1i tung l\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 m\u00e0 h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t m\u1edbi, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng lui t\u1edbi v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i: nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chi\u1ec1u theo n\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf xung quanh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta u\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, ho\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng xung t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu thua n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e9n l\u00fat. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u00e2y quanh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/em> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N M\u1ed8T: TH\u1eeaA NH\u1eacN R\u1eb0NG C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00e0ng sinh vi\u00ean vui ch\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, m\u00e0, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi ta xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e2u k\u00edn, g\u1eafng ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u1eafng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, cho ta \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N HAI: T\u00ccM RA NG\u01af\u1edcI TH\u00cdCH H\u1ee2P<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi ta th\u00fa nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 che gi\u1ea5u hay b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (la bonne personne) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu anh ch\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng vui ch\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ai \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng anh ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a anh ta, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i. Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201ct\u1ea1i sao?\u201d, th\u00ec h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec anh ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.\u201d \u201cNh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao anh ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u1edbn cho anh ta?\u201d \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a anh ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00ec \u00edt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen u\u1ed1ng say.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/em> n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u01b0\u1eddi hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ec1u theo nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N BA: T\u00ccM RA NH\u1eeeNG T\u1eacP LUY\u1ec6N TH\u00cdCH H\u1ee2P<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn trong hai hay ba l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n u\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta \u201cnhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ly n\u1eefa\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng. C\u00f2n h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00f3i chung n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2r\u1eadp Avic\u00e8ne c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang, \u0103n \u0111\u00fang, u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang: h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m l\u1edbn l\u00ean<\/em> trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

KH\u00c1M PH\u00c1 \u0110I\u1ec2M CO GI\u00c3N<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh (body building<\/em>). Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1eafp trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1eb9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i cho anh ta bao nhi\u00eau, v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1eafp ch\u1ec9 n\u1edf ra d\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c co gi\u00e3n. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m co gi\u00e3n<\/em> gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c \u201ch\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea0T T\u1edaI S\u1ef0 QU\u00c2N B\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m co gi\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay hay m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00e1nh tay hay ch\u00e2n kia, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0o cho m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ta l\u1edbn l\u00ean. Khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3nh hay l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ng\u1ee7 mu\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u00ed n\u00e0o! Ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u00e0y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00ednh kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef y nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng thu\u1ea7n luy\u1ec7n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 may v\u1eabn y nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

* Bi\u1ebft s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu<\/em>. \u0110\u00f4i khi, v\u00ec th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

* Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u1edf vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5c t\u1ea1 hay trong \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c k\u00e9o co. S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/em>. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ta b\u1ecf t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb teo \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00ednh kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, cho d\u1ea7u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c: kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n v\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N B\u1ed0N: TH\u01af\u1edeNG TH\u1ee8C C\u00c1C T\u1eacP LUY\u1ec6N<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 Aristote n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3. N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/em>. Trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp cho quen h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00ednh kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Aristote \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. L\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc ao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh, d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. C\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa, \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/em>. Thay v\u00ec s\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i Hai c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta \u0103n th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta mang t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. D\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 hay Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, Ph\u1ee5c Sinh hay Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t x\u00e1c th\u1ec3. (Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3!)<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u xa h\u01a1n: n\u00f3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta say s\u01b0a, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec hay m\u00ea ng\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 \u00edt<\/em> n\u1eb1m \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf h\u01a1n<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em>. N\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfm l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00ednh kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfm t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustin \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cs\u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n

(c\u00f2n n\u1eefa)<\/p>\n

\n

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\n<\/div>\n

[1] V\u00e0, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa (ctnd).<\/p>\n

[2] James F. Keenan, \u00ab\u00a0Proposing Cardinal Virtues\u201d, Theological Studies<\/em>, 56 (1995), p. 709-729.<\/p>\n

[3] Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec5 Tro l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u00f9a Chay. Tro bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft \u0111i cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho tha nh\u00e2n. Trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, M\u00f9a Chay \u2013 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0103n chay, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb \u2013 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, r\u1ed3i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. Xem m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng khung \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

[4] A. C. MacIntyre, Apr\u00e8s la Vertu, \u00e9tude de th\u00e9orie morale<\/em>. B\u1ea3n\u00a0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1edfi L. Bury, Paris, PUF, 1997.<\/p>\n

[5] J. Mahoney, The Making of Moral Theology: A Study of the Roman Catholic Tradition<\/em>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.<\/p>\n

[6] Cf. Raymond de Penafort, Summa de Poenitentia et Matrimonio<\/em>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i v\u00e0 H\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

[7] John Courtney Murray l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n T\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II. Xem Dominique Gonnet, s.j., La Libert\u00e9 religieuse \u00e0 Vatican II\u00a0: La Contribution de John Courtney Murray<\/em>, s.j., Paris, Le Cerf, 1994, 410 trang.<\/p>\n

[8] X. C\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf (Justice \u00e9conomique pour tous<\/em>, 1986), v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u0169 trang (Le d\u00e9fi de la paix<\/em>, 1983) trong La Documentation Catholique.<\/p>\n

[9] J. Mahoney, op.cit.<\/p>\n

[10] James F. Keenan, s.j., \u201cProposing Cardinal Virtues\u201d, Theological Studies<\/em>, 56.4, 1995, tr.711.<\/p>\n

[11] Xem Optatam Totius<\/em>, 16.<\/p>\n

[12] James F. Keenan, ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[13] J. Glaser, \u00ab\u00a0Consicence and Superego\u00a0\u00bb, Theological Studies<\/em> 32, 1971, p. 30-47.<\/p>\n

[14] \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba\u2026T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba c\u00e2u cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

(T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 mua 13 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt (tr\u1ee9ng, con h\u00e0u\u2026) ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n 12 c\u00e1i. Ctcnd)<\/p>\n

[15] Brian Moore, Chr\u00e9tiens, demain\u00a0: Le visiteur, <\/em>roman, Villeneuve d\u2019Ascq, Universit\u00e9 de Lille III, 1997, 85 p. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[16] Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 MIT)) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf Cambridge, bang Massachusetts. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef<\/em>).<\/p>\n

[17] James F. Keenan, ibid<\/em>., p. 717-719.<\/p>\n

[18] Ibid<\/em>., p. 709-719.<\/p>\n

[19] Ibid<\/em>., p. 722<\/p>\n

[20] M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Qu\u00e9bec (\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd theo Lawrence Kohlberg. Xem Andr\u00e9 Guindon, Le d\u00e9veloppement moral<\/em>, Paris\/Ottawa, Descl\u00e9e\/Novalis, 1989.<\/p>\n

[21] X. ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13.<\/p>\n

[22] Sinh n\u0103m 1921, John Rawls \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Th\u00e9orie de la justice<\/em> (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1971 \u1edf H\u00f2a K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 Le Lib\u00e9ralisme politique<\/em> (1993), \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef).<\/p>\n

[23] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0justice\u00a0\u00bb, ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0; thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kia l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9quit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. (Ctcnd).<\/p>\n

[24] Dorothy Day (1897-1980) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong cu\u1ed9c suy s\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0: ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1nh t\u1ea3, D. Day \u0111\u00e3 ghi d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 T\u00e2y Ban Nha, cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c
\nchi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, b\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Catholic Worker<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh 100.000 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef).<\/p>\n

[25] John Donne\u00a0: nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Galoa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (1573-1631). (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.)<\/p>\n

[26] The twelve steps meetings<\/em>, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i Alcooliques Anonymes<\/em> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939. N\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e2m linh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c: ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ch\u1ee9ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9\u2026 C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc m\u01b0\u1eddi hai gian \u0111o\u1ea1n. L\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d V\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 can \u0111\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u201d (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef).<\/p>\n

[27] Prudence\u00a0: \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan\u00a0<\/em>; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/em>. (Ctcnd).<\/p>\n

[28] Cha Klaus Demmer, sinh n\u0103m 1931, t\u1ea1i M\u00fcnster, l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Tu h\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m. Cha l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 \u1edf R\u00f4ma. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Introduction \u00e0 la th\u00e9ologie morale<\/em> c\u1ee7a cha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, n\u0103m 1993 (Piemme, Casale Monferrato), c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0: Shaping the Moral Life. <\/em>An approach to Moral Theology<\/em>, Washington D.C., Georgetown University, 2000. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

[29] G. Gordon Liddy\u00a0 l\u00e0 vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a FBI. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nixon. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

[30] N\u1eb1m \u1edf Alabama, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Selma \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Phong Tr\u00e0o Quy\u1ec1n D\u00e2n S\u1ef1<\/em> (Civil Rights Movement) \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960; phong tr\u00e0o Freedom Ride<\/em> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961 hay phong tr\u00e0o March against Fear<\/em>: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Bang ph\u00eda Nam ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Da \u0110en \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt hay t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da Tr\u1eafng. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

[31] Rosa Parks, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da Tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean xe bu\u00fdt, ng\u00e0y 1\/12\/1955. Do v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y chay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt \u1edf Montgomery trong v\u00f2ng 381 ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1956, T\u00f2a \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p. Rosa Parks l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

[32] L\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n thuy\u1ebft (1478-1535), Thomas More \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c ly d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua Henri VIII; \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n L\u2019Utopie<\/em> (Kh\u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1edfng). (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c Anh ng\u1eef\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Virtues for Ordinary Christians\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u00bb), c\u1ee7a cha James F. Keenan, s.j; b\u1ea3n […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[125,36,31,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-nhan-duc-mot-nghe-thuat-song","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1423"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1435,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1423\/revisions\/1435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}