{"id":14703,"date":"2021-05-15T12:50:33","date_gmt":"2021-05-15T05:50:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=14703"},"modified":"2021-05-15T22:34:12","modified_gmt":"2021-05-15T15:34:12","slug":"bac-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/bac-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00c1C \u00c1I"},"content":{"rendered":"

Luc Dubrulle, Linh m\u1ee5c, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Paris<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00bb. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u00e1c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb. T\u1eeb Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/em>Rerum novarum cho \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p <\/em>Caritas in veritate, b\u00e1c \u00e1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, linh h\u1ed3n, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u00ab charit\u00e9 <\/em>\u00bb (b\u00e1c \u00e1i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i) trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ban \u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, n\u00f3 l\u00ean \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 coi nh\u1eb9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o khi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab caritas \u00bb trong ti\u1ebfng Latinh. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab agap\u00e8<\/em> \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab amour<\/em> \u00bb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00ab Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau<\/em> \u00bb (1Ga 4, 16). N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi r\u0103n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab lu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em> \u00bb (Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em>, GS 38). B\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em>, CV 2).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau : l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ? Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum novarum<\/em>, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1891, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1c \u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung gian c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa : \u00ab Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n b\u00e1c \u00e1i d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/em> \u00bb (RN 45).<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Graves de Communi Re b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (1) <\/em>(\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u00bb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 theo ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ctcnd<\/em>), \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII, khi suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Rerum novarum<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00ab m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em> \u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab xoa d\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 tho\u00e1ng qua, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n<\/em> \u00bb. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0  c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i hay c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vinh quang c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u00bb v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 b\u00e1c \u00e1i n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i, c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n n\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> \u00bb (2).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 li\u00ean l\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u00e1c \u00e1i th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo anno<\/em> (QA), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a  tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u00bb (QA 95). Khi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI r\u1ed3i Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Cha tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, mang l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 : nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00ab t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao \u00bb (3) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. V\u00ec l\u00e0 \u00ab x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, n\u00ean, n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. V\u00ec l\u00e0 \u00ab th\u1ea7n linh \u00bb, n\u00ean, n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edf ra s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 cho \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00ab nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a tha nh\u00e2n \u00bb, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho \u00ab nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i tai \u0111i\u1ebfc l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u00bb (4). \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n, theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (5), kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Jean-Yves Calvez v\u00e0 Jacques Perrin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab b\u00e1c \u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u00bb (6) : \u00ab C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u00bb (7).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI v\u00e0 Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i sang ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n (8), kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00ab b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u00ab h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb. Hai th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II. Nh\u01b0ng, khi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi (9), \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i \u00edt n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00e1c \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed1n T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>, trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (10). C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 204 \u0111\u1ebfn 208 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u00ab con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u00bb nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 \u00ab b\u00e1c \u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI d\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u00e1c \u00e1i : Deus caritas est<\/em> (DC, Gi\u00e1ng Sinh 2005). Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u00e1c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab agap\u00e8 \u00bb trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t, ph\u1ea7n hai mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau : \u00ab s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd<\/em> \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00bb <\/em>v\u00e0 \u00ab ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00bb, \u00ab tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00bb<\/em> v\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00bb, \u00ab nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u00bb <\/em>v\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u00bb, \u00ab m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t,s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/em> \u00bb (DC 25-29).<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t song song n\u00e0y. \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi b\u00e1c \u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf hay song song v\u1edbi b\u00e1c \u00e1i : c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u2018b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u00e1c \u00e1i\u2019, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i hay, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u2018c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2019 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong \u00ab h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u00bb  n\u00e0y (1Ga 3, 18) m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 <\/em>\u00bb (CV 6). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

————————–<\/p>\n

(1)  L\u00e9on XIII, Graves de communi<\/em>, 18 janvier 1901, ASS<\/em> 33 (1900-1901) ; Lettres apostoliques de S.S. L\u00e9on XIII<\/em>, encycliques<\/em>, brefs<\/em>, etc.<\/em>, tome VI, Paris, La bonne presse, s. d., p. 204\u2011227.<\/p>\n

(2) Pie XI, \u00ab L’action catholique et la politique. Discours \u00e0 la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration universitaire italienne \u00bb, 18 d\u00e9cembre 1927, la Documentation catholique<\/em>, tome 23, n\u00b0 506, 8 f\u00e9vrier 1930, col. 357-358.<\/p>\n

(3) Jean-Yves Calvez et Jacques Perrin, \u00c9glise et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. L’enseignement social des papes de L\u00e9on XIII \u00e0 Pie XII (1878-1958)<\/em>, Aubier, 1959, p. 225.<\/p>\n

(4) Pie XII, B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, R\u00f4ma, 9\/4\/1939. AAS<\/em> 31 (1939) p. 150 ; la Documentation catholique<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 40, s\u1ed1 896, 5\/5\/1939, col. 551.<\/p>\n

(5) Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n : Pi\u00f4 XII, \u00ab B\u00e1c \u00e1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Ban Nha, 11\/9\/1958, la Documentation catholique<\/em>, quy\u1ec3n 45, s\u1ed1 1292, 7\/12\/ 1958, col. 1579-1580.<\/p>\n

(6) Jean-Yves Calvez et Jacques Perrin, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 221.<\/p>\n

(7) Jean-Yves Calvez et Jacques Perrin, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 228-229.<\/p>\n

(8) Philippe Delhaye, \u00ab Le k\u00e9rygme de la charit\u00e9 \u00e0 Vatican II \u00bb, Revue th\u00e9ologique de Louvain<\/em>,1, 1970, p. 144\u2011174.<\/p>\n

(9) Domingos Louren\u00e7o-Vieira, La solidarit\u00e9 au c\u0153ur de l’\u00e9thique sociale. La notion de solidarit\u00e9 dans l’enseignement social de l’\u00c9glise catholique<\/em>, Paris, Mare & Martin, 408 p.<\/p>\n

(10) Conseil pontifical “Justice et Paix”, Compendium de la doctrine sociale de l’\u00c9glise<\/em>, Bayard – Cerf – Fleurus-Mame, (2004) 2005, n\u00b0 204, p. 116.<\/p>\n

——————————–<\/p>\n

Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/p>\n

(ngu\u1ed3n: CERAS)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Luc Dubrulle, Linh m\u1ee5c, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Paris \u00ab Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u00bb. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u00e1c […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,36,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-luan-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14703"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14721,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14703\/revisions\/14721"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}