{"id":14773,"date":"2021-05-21T10:32:14","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T03:32:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=14773"},"modified":"2021-05-21T10:39:44","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T03:39:44","slug":"thoi-luoi-bieng-nguoi-lanh-trong-doi-song-thieng-lieng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/thoi-luoi-bieng-nguoi-lanh-trong-doi-song-thieng-lieng\/","title":{"rendered":"TH\u00d3I L\u01af\u1edcI BI\u1ebeNG, NGU\u1ed8I L\u1ea0NH TRONG \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG"},"content":{"rendered":"

LTS. Nh\u00e2n b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/a> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 h\u00f4m 19\/5\/2021 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u00ab t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u00bb n\u00e0y trong kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00ab B\u1ea3y t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u00bb. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u00bb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00f3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

TH\u00d3I L\u01af\u1edcI BI\u1ebeNG, NGU\u1ed8I L\u1ea0NH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh (ac\u00e9die) c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng (paresse). Danh s\u00e1ch 7 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Evagre hay c\u1ee7a Cassien ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u00ab ak\u00e8dia \u00bb. Ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00ab ak\u00e8dia \u00bb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho t\u1eeb \u00ab l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng \u00bb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c !!! K\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n !!!<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u00ab ac\u00e9die<\/em> \u00bb (ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p \u00ab ak\u00e8dia<\/em> \u00bb. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n\u2026 T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Latinh (accidia<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab tristitia de bono divino<\/em> \u00bb : bu\u1ed3n b\u1ef1c\/nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u00ab ak\u00e8dia \u00bb theo ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Evagre m\u1eb7c cho n\u00f3 : bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y\u2026<\/p>\n

Evagre \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 sau : \u00ab Qu\u1ef7 ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab qu\u1ef7 ban tr\u01b0a[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> \u00bb, l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t ; n\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111an s\u0129 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m[2]<\/a>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edbng ra c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, nh\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, quan s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xa gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn[3]<\/a> ch\u01b0a, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u00ean kia xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng\u2026Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111an s\u0129 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u1edf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng  vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c anh em, r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 bu\u1ed3n, th\u00ec ma qu\u1ef7 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111an s\u0129 th\u00e8m \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u00edt v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ed7 \u1edf : qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. N\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edb nhung ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh ; v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 b\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0u k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 b\u1ecf ph\u00f2ng \u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c theo ngay sau con qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y : sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 \u00bb.\"\"<\/p>\n

Cassien g\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n hay kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. L\u00e0 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u1edbi th\u00f3i bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u1ea9n s\u0129, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 dai d\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ai \u1edf trong n\u01a1i c\u00f4 qu\u1ea1nh\u2026 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb hai l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> (tristitia de bono divino<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n mang l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eaft \u0111i. Khi \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu th\u00f3i ganh gh\u00e9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb. Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 ch\u00e1n ng\u1eaft, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma c\u00f2n th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh : ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u sai t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\/lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh marxit hay t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do – , nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0o : c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu : H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac : n\u00f3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m no th\u1ecfa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00f3 \u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Trong m\u1ed7i con tim \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecbp \u01b0\u1edbc ao nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa : \u00ab L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng con cho Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng con kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i bao l\u00e2u ch\u01b0a ngh\u1ec9 y\u00ean trong Ch\u00faa \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eeda v\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta g\u1ea7n hay xa v\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, theo nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng trong ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi e s\u1ee3 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac : \u00ab S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Cha l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u00bb. V\u1eady m\u00e0, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng ; s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/em> :<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u00ab \u0110\u00eam D\u00e0y \u00bb, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau : \u00ab Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00e2m linh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00edch th\u00fa kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quen ch\u1ea1y theo h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e2m linh, n\u00ean h\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e1n\u2026V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111ang khi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd ri\u00eang v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00ec, do t\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd xem nh\u1eb9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y theo s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00fd ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u00fd ri\u00eang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u1ee9 lo t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh, n\u00ean h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n khi ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng trong s\u1ef1 xa hoa \u1ee7y m\u1ecb, lu\u00f4n bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea5p \u1ee7 nh\u1eefng hoan l\u1ea1c t\u00e2m l\u00ecnh. G\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m linh, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ch\u00e1n, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1edf th\u00edch \u00fd ri\u00eang h\u1ecd<\/em>. \u00bb<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng : th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, nh\u0103n nh\u00f3, cay \u0111\u1eafng, th\u1edd \u01a1, ng\u1ee7 g\u1eadt, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f2 m\u00f2, chia tr\u00ed, th\u00edch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0o lao, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, l\u1eebng kh\u1eebng. Ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ea9n s\u0129. V\u1edbi n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n xem ra b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m kha, b\u1ecb chao \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 M.-L. von Franz g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ea5t linh h\u1ed3n \u00bb. \u00ab M\u1ea5t linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 xem ra m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u00bb. Von Franz gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i \u0111i, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eefa. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Andr\u00e9 Louf, ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab lo\u1ea1i ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3 hay ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 \u00bb. Trong ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, v\u1ecb \u0111an s\u0129 k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i. \u00ab Tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c thi\u00eang li\u00eang hay suy y\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 l\u00fd r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u00bb<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i h\u00f4m sau<\/em> nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u00f4m nay. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd qu\u00ean \u0111i \u00ab b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng \u00bb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em> cho s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00fa vui l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab t\u1ea5m che lo \u00e2u \u00bb h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. B\u00e0n \u0103n v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1ea5t (k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi r\u00e3 r\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tivi, nh\u1ea5m nh\u00e1p s\u00f4c\u00f4la v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5ng). Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch cho th\u00f3i n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> (activisme). \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Christoph Sch\u00f6nborn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch : \u00ab C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hung h\u0103ng \u00bb. \u00ab Con qu\u1ef7 \u00bb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u00ab d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xuy\u00ean qua th\u00f3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00ednh n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. [\u2026] Qu\u1ef7 ban tr\u01b0a c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng : trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, s\u1ee3 thinh l\u1eb7ng. Th\u00edch n\u00f3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u00ab nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1ebb \u00bb c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ebb kh\u00e1c : s\u1ef1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm li\u00ean mi\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ; t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u00ednh nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, m\u1ed1i o\u00e1n h\u1eadn r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t : ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u2013 s\u1ef1 r\u1ea7u r\u1ec9, ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang : ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ; th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1eef c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Trong ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n \u0111i k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ; t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00fa vui duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh. Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u00ab \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n \u00bb<\/em> : n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e3y \u0111\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00fa \u00ab s\u1ed1c \u00bb t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m\u2026Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, vi\u1ec7c trao ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng ? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh. (xem Famille chr\u00e9tienne<\/em>, s\u1ed1 1207).<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 gi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

+ Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n minh : \u00ab Anh y\u00eau em nhi\u1ec1u, em bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, anh th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn em trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, khi l\u00e1i xe, nh\u01b0ng anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho em, vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho em v\u00e0 gh\u00e9 th\u0103m em \u00bb. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u00f2n th\u00fac b\u00e1ch t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n

+ Th\u00f3i quen : th\u00f3i ngu\u00f4i l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u00f3i ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao nh\u1eadn ra n\u00f3 ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

+ Thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn : \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i d\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ebb. Evagre m\u00f4 t\u1ea3: m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\/ kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 : \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ee9\u2026<\/p>\n

+ Th\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Evagre, c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y ; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y tu \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa : t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i : k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ecf b\u00ea b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a q\u00faa kh\u1ee9 hay m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n : \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1edd t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ; ch\u00ednh khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u2026hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

+ \u00ab \u1ede trong ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00bb: vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong. \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u00bb. \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf khi s\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

+ Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec : ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i con qu\u1ef7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng. \u00ab S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hy v\u1ecdng \u00bb (Christoph Sch\u00f6nborn). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab hypomon\u00e8 \u00bb, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u00ab v\u1eabn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00e1ch \u00bb.<\/p>\n

+ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi : h\u00e3y ng\u01b0ng ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft  \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u00e3y l\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

+ Tr\u00e1nh th\u00f3i nh\u00e0n c\u01b0 vi : th\u00f3i nh\u00e0n c\u01b0 vi l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c t\u1eadp sinh \u1edf r\u1ed7i : \u00ab Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111an s\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t con qu\u1ef7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u00e0n c\u01b0 vi l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i ngon cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ef7 \u00bb (Cassien). \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII khuy\u00ean : \u00ab T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i kinh nguy\u1ec7n, gi\u1eef m\u1ed7i lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3\u2026 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n : k\u1ebb ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n , cam k\u1ebft .<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

+ Suy ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 :  Trong v\u01b0\u1eddn C\u00e2y D\u1ea7u, \u0111ang khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ng\u1ee7, th\u00ec Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n, lo \u00e2u x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u01a1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh \u00fd Cha. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, nh\u1eefng ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\u00c9vagre v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m s\u00e2u xa : \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c theo ngay sau con qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y : sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

——————————–<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Dictionnaire de spiritualit\u00e9 asc\u00e9tique et mystique<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  2. Christian Poirier, Le combat spirituel : de l\u2019ombre \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re<\/em>, Salvator, 2008.<\/li>\n
  3. Le Combat spirituel<\/em>, coll. Christus, s\u1ed1 215, th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y n\u0103m 2007.<\/li>\n
  4. Xavier Th\u00e9venot, Les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s, que peut-on en dire?<\/em>, Salvator, 1983 (b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef \u00ab T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay \u00bb do nh\u00f3m T\u1ee7 S\u00e1ch Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef).<\/li>\n
  5. Pascal Id\u00e9, Les 7 p\u00e9ch\u00e9s capitaux<\/em>, Mame-Edifa, (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb 2003?).<\/li>\n
  6. Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160pidl\u00edk, La spiritualit\u00e9 de l’orient chr\u00e9tien<\/em>, OCA. 206 \u2013 Rome (1978).<\/li>\n
  7. Anselm Gr\u00fcn, Aux prises avec la mal<\/em>, \u00e9d. Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 1990 ? (b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef \u00ab \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef<\/em>\u00bb, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2009, do Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean An chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef).<\/li>\n
  8. James F. Keenan, Les vertus, un art de vivre<\/em>, coll. Tout Simplement, Ed. Atelier, 2002.<\/li>\n
  9. Hugues de Saint-Victor, Six opuscules spirituels<\/em>, SC, s\u1ed1 155.<\/li>\n
  10. Evagre Le Pontique, Trait\u00e9 pratique<\/em>, SC, s\u1ed1 171.<\/li>\n
  11. Jean Cassien, Institutions c\u00e9nobitiques<\/em>, SC, s\u1ed1 109.<\/li>\n
  12. Jean de la croix, Nuit obscure<\/em> (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef \u00ab \u0110\u00eam D\u00e0y<\/em>\u00bb c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Uy Nam v\u00e0 Tr\u0103ng Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1).<\/li>\n
  13. Servais Pinckaers, Le renouveau de la morale<\/em>, Pierre T\u00e9qui, 1978.<\/li>\n
  14. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  15. Jordan Aumann, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh<\/em>, Londres, 1993.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u2026.<\/p>\n

    —————<\/p>\n

    Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/em><\/p>\n

    ——————————–<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u00ab Qu\u1ef7 ban tr\u01b0a \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 90,6 : \u00ab C\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 \u00f4n th\u1ea7n s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i l\u00fac ban tr\u01b0a.\u00bb <\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> T\u1ee9c hai gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 hai gi\u1edd sau bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a. Cassien n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ban tr\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn l\u00e0 gi\u1edd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1eefa \u0103n. Theo c\u00e1c Rabbi Do Th\u00e1i, qu\u1ef7 Q\u00e9t\u00e9b<\/em> (qu\u1ef7 ban tr\u01b0a<\/em> trong b\u1ea3n B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i) c\u0169ng ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 chin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    LTS. Nh\u00e2n b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 h\u00f4m 19\/5\/2021 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,32,33,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-nhan-ban","category-tam-linh","category-ty-linh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14773"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14778,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14773\/revisions\/14778"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}