Robert Schuman (1886-1963), ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, sinh \u1edf Luxembourg, t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u00ab b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh \u00bb : Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00e1ch \u00ab anh h\u00f9ng \u00bb, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Robert Schuman l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “Cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u”. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 n\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Sinh \u1edf Clausen (Luxembourg) v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Scy-Chazelles (Ph\u00e1p), Robert Schuman \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1948 \u0111\u1ebfn 1952 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 \u0111\u1ebfn 1960.<\/p>\n
B\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i giam \u1edf tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1940, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Jean Monnet, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n Schuman, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9\/5\/1950, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y khai sinh Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y : \u00ab H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f3. [\u2026] Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 : n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00bb.<\/p>\n
Robert Schuman \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u00ab C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng than v\u00e0 th\u00e9p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (CECA), m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u1ed9p chung s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than v\u00e0 th\u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ea1nh tranh \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00dd, B\u1ec9, Luxembourg v\u00e0 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 tham gia hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp CECA.<\/p>\n
T\u00fd Linh<\/p>\n
(theo ZENIT)<\/p>\n