{"id":1663,"date":"2013-02-08T21:53:14","date_gmt":"2013-02-08T14:53:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=1663"},"modified":"2021-05-04T21:43:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T14:43:02","slug":"gia-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/gia-dinh\/","title":{"rendered":"GIA \u0110\u00ccNH"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd : l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, di s\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Xa v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a hay \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum novarum<\/em> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00ab quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft h\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 9). Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, di s\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trao cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u2013 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0<\/em> \u00bb – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y che khu\u1ea5t t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laborem exercens<\/em> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

\u00ab <\/em>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ed9t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd<\/em><\/em> lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c <\/em>\u00bb (LE<\/em>, s\u1ed1 10).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, xuy\u00ean qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 lo. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 hay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngang qua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c vang v\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o T\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb Rerum novarum<\/em> (1891) \u0111\u1ebfn Caritas in veritate<\/em> (2009). C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec xem ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1891, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ham h\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 17) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i nguy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u1ecfi. T\u1eeb b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u00ab nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t sinh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u00bb (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 34). Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n hay c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1931, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI s\u1ebd khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch : vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch (Quadragesimo anno, QA,<\/em> s\u1ed1 76-82). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1937 (Divini redemptoris, DR<\/em>, s\u1ed1 52) v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XII (Radio-message, RM<\/em> 19). V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ef1 do hay cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb<\/em> m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo lu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chu c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/em> \u00bb (Mater et magistra, MM<\/em>, s\u1ed1 71).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963 (Pacem in terris, PT<\/em>, s\u1ed1 20), c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965 (Gaudium et spes, GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 67-72) hay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1981 (LE<\/em>, s\u1ed1 19) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1991 (Centesimus annus, CA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 8).<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI s\u1ebd khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u00bb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00ab Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chu c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cho con c\u00e1i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c <\/em>\u00bb <\/em>v\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang <\/em>\u00bb (Caritas in veritate, CV<\/em>, s\u1ed1 63). \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Rerum novarum<\/em> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn linh thi\u00eang nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. [\u2026] Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft lo li\u1ec7u cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t gia s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, trong khi tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i may. V\u1eady m\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp cho con c\u00e1i gia s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho con c\u00e1i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/em> \u00bb (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 10).<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh d\u1ee5m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 35). M\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Quadragesimo anno<\/em>, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u00ab nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh d\u1ee5m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, gia t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t gia s\u1ea3n m\u00e0, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mang theo, khi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 chu c\u1ea5p trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y<\/em> \u00bb (QA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 68).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (DR<\/em>, s\u1ed1 52), v\u1ed1n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn (MM<\/em>, s\u1ed1 111-115). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu hay m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, khi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 71,2).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i : \u00ab Do b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 71,5).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u1ed1n th\u1eafng th\u1ebf h\u00f4m nay. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1eddi s\u1ef1. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi, v\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u nh\u1eefng li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cha ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9). T\u00ednh b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

 Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u1ea3o c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 leo thang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (GS s\u1ed1 32,2) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00ab tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh<\/em> \u00bb (GS s\u1ed1 52,1). C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft chung s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng gi\u00fap nhau \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (GS s\u1ed1 52,2). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1967, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI cho th\u1ea5y : \u00ab Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong \u0111\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00f9y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i, vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb (Populorum progressio<\/em>, PP s\u1ed1 36).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00ean \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n (Justitia in mundo<\/em>, JM s\u1ed1 28). Theo d\u00f2ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng (JM<\/em>, s\u1ed1 57), l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (LE<\/em>, s\u1ed1 10,3), mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n, d\u1ea1y cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb (CA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 39). Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra cho \u00ab s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u [\u2026] b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau<\/em> \u00bb (CA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 49). M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1eefa khi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf (CV<\/em>, s\u1ed1 44).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00ab nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u<\/em> (1) \u00bb c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nay n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng, \u00ab gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u00bb, c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 con. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 so v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n tu duy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean qua di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1891, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 hay qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trong s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef hay tr\u1ebb em. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang tr\u1ebb em \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t \u2013 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y sau khi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. [\u2026] C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u00edt th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef h\u01a1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 h\u01a1n ; v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi<\/em> \u00bb (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 33,2).<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI n\u00eau r\u00f5 :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em hay s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u00e0, hay nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3, m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng tai h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh tan, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt \u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0103n nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i<\/em> \u00bb (QA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 77).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 v\u00f5, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1937 (DR<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11). Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (PT<\/em>, s\u1ed1 15) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (PT<\/em>, s\u1ed1 41).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c do n\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 (LE<\/em>, s\u1ed1 19,4). Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf n\u0103m 1981 v\u00e0, d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con  c\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 67,3), \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tai h\u1ea1i cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1eb9, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thay th\u1ebf<\/em> \u00bb (LE<\/em>, s\u1ed1 19,5).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 33,3). C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong ni\u1ec1m vui thanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung<\/em> \u00bb (MM<\/em>, s\u1ed1 250). Sau c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00fa vui gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 67,3). S\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf kh\u00e1c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eafm t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n : gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng chung.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0, v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c (cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng CV<\/em>, s\u1ed1 44), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea5m Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0, theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 hay tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (2). Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha (RN<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11).<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i theo \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Mit brennender Sorge<\/em>, s\u1ed1 39 ; MM<\/em>, s\u1ed1 195 ; Dignitas humanae<\/em>, s\u1ed1 5). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh : \u00ab Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do k\u00fd k\u1ebft, duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly, l\u00e0 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00bb (PT<\/em>, s\u1ed1 16, v\u00e0 GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 52,2 ; CA<\/em>, s\u1ed1 49). Nh\u01b0ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ea5m Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh s\u1ea3n (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 87,3). M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 quan tr\u1ecdng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n sinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng khung b\u1edfi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c ly d\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u1eeba thai v\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1edf trong b\u00ed m\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng the. Do \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n hay tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (3).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965, Gaudium et spes<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 : m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chung th\u1ee7y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn con c\u00e1i s\u1eafp sinh ra. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng : \u00ab V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 linh thi\u00eang n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em>\u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 48,1). M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n t\u1eeb nay ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Khi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, do nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/em> \u00bb (CV<\/em>, s\u1ed1 25).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u1eefa. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00e3m phanh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn :<\/p>\n

\u00ab C\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n, trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, mi\u1ec5n sao ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n<\/em> \u00bb (PP<\/em>, s\u1ed1 37).<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh :<\/p>\n

\u00ab Coi vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, ngay c\u1ea3 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf. [\u2026] R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. [\u2026] Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p xem t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a sinh s\u1ea3n \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c. Trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch duy v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9<\/em> \u00bb (CV<\/em>, s\u1ed1 44).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i canh ch\u1eebng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 len l\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00ab s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n<\/em> \u00bb v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u00edt sao.<\/p>\n

Gaudium et spes<\/em> nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i : \u00ab Trong b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c [\u2026], \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 50,2). B\u1ea3n v\u0103n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n nghe theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab trung t\u00e2m s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 cung th\u00e1nh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 16). Nh\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u00ab m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh<\/em> \u00bb (GS<\/em>, s\u1ed1 51,3).<\/p>\n

Gaudium et spes kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae vitae<\/em> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay. C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u00ean tr\u00e1nh thai v\u00e0 bao cao su, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly d\u1ecb t\u00e1i h\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n h\u00f4m nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u00f4m qua c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay : Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in veritate<\/em> n\u0103m 2009, cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Milan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 hay s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u00ab Gia \u0111\u00ecnh 2011 \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0, c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 che khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, khi v\u1eabn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u1eeba thai, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gay go h\u01a1n, khi\u00eau kh\u00edch h\u01a1n, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t khao m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o trong khung c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trao cho nhau m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ng\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y, xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Monique Baujard<\/em><\/p>\n

\u1ee6y ban \u00ab Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, H\u0110GM Ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n

———————-<\/p>\n

(1) M. Baujard, \u00ab Les familles, miroir de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb, Documents \u00c9piscopat<\/em>, n\u00b0 5, 2011.<\/p>\n

(2) Xem Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Arcanum divinae<\/em> (1880), n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

(3) Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, DR<\/em>, s\u1ed1 28 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Casti connubii<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI (1930), k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c ly d\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u1eeba thai.<\/p>\n

Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 sung cho b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n : CERAS<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd : l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1664,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,112,36,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gia-dinh","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1663"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14631,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1663\/revisions\/14631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}