{"id":191,"date":"2012-12-04T12:42:54","date_gmt":"2012-12-04T05:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=191"},"modified":"2012-12-06T20:10:41","modified_gmt":"2012-12-06T13:10:41","slug":"tieu-su-cha-jean-jacques-olier-dang-sang-lap-hoi-linh-muc-xuan-bich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tieu-su-cha-jean-jacques-olier-dang-sang-lap-hoi-linh-muc-xuan-bich\/","title":{"rendered":"TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec CHA JEAN-JACQUES OLIER, \u0110\u1ea4NG S\u00c1NG L\u1eacP H\u1ed8I LINH M\u1ee4C XU\u00c2N B\u00cdCH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bernard Pitaud<\/strong><\/p>\n

TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec CHA <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

JEAN-JACQUES OLIER<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

XU\u00c2N B\u00cdCH VI\u1ec6T NAM <\/strong><\/p>\n

2007<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c : \u201cPetite vie de<\/strong><\/p>\n

JEAN-JACQUES OLIER\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

do Lm. Bernard Pitaud, p.s.s.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n ngh\u0129a <\/strong>(v\u1edbi ch\u00fa th\u00edch) <\/em>do <\/strong><\/p>\n

Lm. Ant\u00f4n Tr\u1ea7n Minh Hi\u1ec3n, p.s.s.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai ti\u1ebfng Saint-Sulpice (Xu\u00e2n-B\u00edch) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX trong c\u00e1c c\u1eeda ti\u1ec7m b\u00e1n \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i khu ph\u1ed1 Saint-Sulpice \u1edf Paris.\"jj-olier\"<\/a> N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y, Jean-Jacques Olier, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u00e3y c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111em t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 linh m\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch (Compagnie des Pr\u00eatres de Saint-Sulpice), ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c, Phi Ch\u00e2u, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Canada, Hoa K\u1ef3, Colombia, Br\u00e9sil, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u th\u00eam b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice t\u1ea1i Paris, trong s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi cha Jean-Jacques Olier \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng trang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb, t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u201ccanh t\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Pierre de B\u00e9rulle, Charles de Condren, Jean Eudes, Vincent de Paul v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. B\u00e9rulle, qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1629, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn. S\u00e1ng l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng Gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft (Oratoire), ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai m\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang Ph\u00e1p\u201d (\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9), trong \u0111\u00f3 Jean-Jacques Olier l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng say t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t. Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a cha Olier l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho n\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn h\u01a1n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cha Jean-Jacques Olier, v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n k\u00edn m\u00fac ni\u1ec1m h\u0103ng say t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1608-1631)<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 09 n\u0103m 1608, t\u1ea1i khu ph\u1ed1 Marais, khu ph\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Paris v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Olier de Verneuil ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 Roi de Sicile. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u0103n th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn. \u00d4ng Jacques Olier l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n, Th\u01b0 k\u00fd Nh\u00e0 Vua, Th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 t\u01b0. L\u00e0m B\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Verneuil, ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eb1m trong Qu\u1eadn Yvelines, g\u1ea7n Poissy, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Marie Dolu d\u2019Ivoy, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Berry. B\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ri\u00eang c\u1eadu \u00fat mang t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 Jean-Jacques, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7m k\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Jacques, qua \u0111\u1eddi \u00edt ng\u00e0y sau khi sinh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng cao l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ebft ngay khi sinh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00fat may m\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 ; th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u01a1n d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e2y lan k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1342. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u00e1y n\u00e1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 1608, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 h\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Vua Henri IV theo tin l\u00e0nh, nay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Nantes n\u0103m 1598 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tr\u1ea5n an c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t m\u00e1u, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf tho\u00e1t ly m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau. X\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Henri IV s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf. B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay, nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1610 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Richelieu l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n m\u1edbi, cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. D\u00f5i theo cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, J.-J. Olier s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u00e1i sinh nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao trong n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb3ng (La Fronde)<\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/sup>, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m (Guerre de Trente ans) m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y bi\u1ebft bao t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Lorraine v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 do n\u1ea1n ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n b\u1eaft l\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb th\u1eb3ng tay \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u sao, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh h\u00e3y c\u00f2n l\u1edbn trong d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111e d\u1ecda. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u1edbn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, theo con m\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u201ch\u01b0 v\u00f4\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean <\/strong>(1608-1625)<\/p>\n

Khoa th\u00e1nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a J.-J. Olier h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ra trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a trong v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7ng thinh. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint-Paul, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ; h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi : \u201cQua ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a ch\u1ebft \u0111i cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t vinh hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i ; b\u1edfi ch\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 cha, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1eb9, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 anh c\u1ea3 t\u00f4i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 anh em, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb\u201d ; ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng theo linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 H\u1ed3ng Y B\u00e9rulle m\u00e0 J.-J. Olier l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi sinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c giai c\u1ea5p trung l\u01b0u, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi nu\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 v\u00fa \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd<\/em> (M\u00e9moires) c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t linh l\u1ee3i, tinh ngh\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n la m\u1eafng sau t\u00f4i ; li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00f4i b\u1ecb h\u1ea5t h\u1ee7i, h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, roi v\u1ecdt ; t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho b\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng xin l\u1ed7i Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 xin l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i ? M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c xem ra c\u0169ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd \u01a1n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng trong \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, theo nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y. Khi c\u00f2n \u1edf h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ngay khi t\u00f4i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, th\u00ec tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111i x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u sao, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng em thi\u1ebfu nhi, r\u1ed3i c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1617 t\u1ea1i Lyon n\u01a1i cha c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Quan Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1eadu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd. J.-J. Olier s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u1edf trung t\u00e2m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u201cki\u00eau c\u0103ng\u201d (la superbe) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1639-1641.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Lyon, c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 1622, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu \u0111\u00fang 14 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1eddi danh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4 (Fran\u00e7ois de Sales) \u0111ang l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp qua \u0111\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00ednh c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y :<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha, th\u00ec b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac nh\u1eadn ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00f2ng (soutane) v\u00ec \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Olier, v\u1ee3 quan Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t nh\u00e0 vua, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Jean-Jacques m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn cho ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ; v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ban ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1eadu \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gen\u00e8ve.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ta b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c (la commende<\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/sup>) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c (b\u00e9n\u00e9fice), m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n thu nh\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 D\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c Tu Vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f2n d\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 ban l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Khi Richelieu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Lu\u00e7on, l\u00fac 22 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u201ct\u1ed3i t\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1eadu trai Olier, ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c c\u1eaft t\u00f3c v\u00e0o 12 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu vi\u1ec7n Bazainville t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Chartres, r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau nh\u1eadn tu vi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee9c Clisson t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nantes, \u00edt l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng P\u00e9brac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Saint-Flour, v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n Madeleine de Pouanc\u00e9 trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Angers. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129, tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng nh\u00ec th\u00f4i. N\u0103m 1626 ng\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi P\u00e9brac l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 hay c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf ch\u00e2n h\u1ecd cai qu\u1ea3n Tu vi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u1ea7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ph\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e8m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng tu vi\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd \u01b0a v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng say t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00edch danh l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1eaft t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, th\u00ec ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n sang cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c hay gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i ? Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cLu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh\u201d <\/em>(Trait\u00e9 des Saints Ordres), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cha Olier t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn : \u201cc\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o qua c\u1eeda \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1642 v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, v\u1ecb cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Saint-Sulpice \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eb3ng nh\u1eb7t l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c :<\/p>\n

V\u1eady h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd, h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2026Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho con c\u00e1i qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt hy sinh cho h\u01b0 vinh, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt hy sinh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho vinh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 cho c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y J.-J. Olier s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00ec l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p do t\u00ednh d\u1ecb c\u1ea3m Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c xa l\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n Paris m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1615 m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. Trong khi C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1565. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ; v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Alexandre de M\u00e9dicis, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai sang kinh l\u00fd t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho \u0110\u1ee9c Cl\u00eament\u00ea VIII, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c : \u201cTr\u00ean 144 T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 43 t\u00f2a thi\u1ebfu v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7m\u201d. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u201c\u2026c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng minh, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t coi th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh bi\u1ebft bao linh m\u1ee5c d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0, bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, l\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm\u201d. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1579 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Melun, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y : \u201cNh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i m\u00f4n, b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec B\u1ec7 H\u1ea1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eeba b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, ch\u00fang v\u01a1 v\u00e9t bao nhi\u00eau ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d. V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u theo c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p<\/a>[3]<\/sup><\/sup> d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, r\u1ea5t ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa : \u201cC\u00f3 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb la-tinh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef\u201d, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Bourges th\u1edf than nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u201d c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng theo gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c khoan nh\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y g\u1eaft gao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 Vincent de Paul \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u00f9 l\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o 19 tu\u1ed5i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u00e0n l\u0169 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh theo ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, t\u1ea1i Paris, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 500.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5000 linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Denis Amelote, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi J.-J. Olier trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Oratoire, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ngu d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u1eedi th\u1ec1 (\u0111\u00e8o t\u1ee5c) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea, c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m quen ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi cha Vincent de Paul t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c \u201csay s\u01b0a v\u00e0 d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3ng\u201d v\u1eabn b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u0129 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba s\u1edf v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i<\/a>[4]<\/sup><\/sup> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1n\u2026ph\u1ea3i n\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng khai, ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ecf ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, th\u00fa vui v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. C\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng tu c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi sa s\u00fat, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c (la commende) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. Khi m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Chartreux ho\u1eb7c Capucins<\/a>[5]<\/sup><\/sup> l\u00e0 hai d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t, theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u J.-J. Olier mu\u1ed1n ; cho d\u00f9 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng tu d\u00f2ng, c\u1eadu v\u1eabn \u01b0a th\u00edch vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cha m\u1eb9 c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u1eadu ch\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 vua, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ao \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc <\/strong>(1625-1631)<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1624 Jean-Jacques l\u00ean 16 tu\u1ed5i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecf Lyon. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n Qu\u1ed1c Gia, Quan Gi\u00e1m S\u00e1t nh\u00e0 vua ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee3 con v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Paris. Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1625, Jean-Jacques nh\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Harcourt \u0111\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eddi gian ba n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, -ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i P\u00e9brac \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng- ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 07 n\u0103m 1627, Jean-Jacques \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng khoa b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u201cma\u00ddtre \u00e8s arts\u201d (ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y?). Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u00ec v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh. Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Sorbonne. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c danh s\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Duval, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong Ti\u1ec3u H\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdp nhau t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 Acarie, em c\u1ee7a B\u00e9rulle. J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1m \u01a1n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ng\u00e0i \u201cnh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung, ng\u00e0i \u00edt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m kh\u00e1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1eady ng\u00e0i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4n kinh vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1, th\u00fa th\u1eadt t\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu \u01a1n n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 khai th\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn do nghi\u00eam l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ra th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 k\u00eau tr\u00e1ch khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trong khi d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai m\u1edf nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thi\u00ean linh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 h\u1eb3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m sau v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u J.-J. Olier c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00fac ng\u00e0i theo h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh kh\u00ed Olier h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 khoa th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ; ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng khinh mi\u1ec7t khoa n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m do ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban trong m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi theo h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0i h\u0103ng h\u00e1i lao m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng trong th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 Th\u00e0nh Paris \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f9y theo danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n theo s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con m\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i sau n\u00e0y, trong khi b\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ed7 tay ca ng\u1ee3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi cao h\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea7y khoe khoang, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee3i kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u00fa, v\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gian, t\u1ee9c h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111ang theo h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb xe tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 v\u0103n c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 Vincent de Paul, Jean Eudes v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec J.-J. Olier c\u1ee9 h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1ed1i t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i b\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh khoe khoang (la superbe), sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u201ctr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1629, s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t cho b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, n\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khu ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Saint-Germain, \u0111ang n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb cha s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice kh\u00f4ng coi khinh lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i. Khi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u01b0\u1edbc ra, th\u00ec k\u00eca to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 l\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi, b\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vinh danh cho ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 : \u201c\u2026 b\u00e0 n\u00f3i : \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u t\u00f4i c\u1ea7u xin cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Marie Rousseau, g\u1ed1c \u1edf Gournay, l\u00e0ng Vexin, n\u1eb1m \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Normandie v\u00e0 Ile-de-France. Ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 bu\u00f4n r\u01b0\u1ee3u t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9a con. Ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh Olier cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m t\u00edn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3, sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i : \u201cPh\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1eafc \u01a1n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d. Khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ec1 sau ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eau d\u1ec7t th\u00eam s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u00e9t theo vai tr\u00f2 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n t\u00edn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i ? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh ra cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, do \u01b0\u1edbc ao v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn c\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 th\u00f4i, ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui th\u1ecfa ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ; tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u1eabn sa ng\u00e3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng s\u0103n \u0111\u00f3n li\u00ean l\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sau nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Loretta n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0u mang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho \u01a1n th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Olier th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 sinh n\u1edf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia, gi\u1eb1ng co gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong khi v\u1eabn \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y J.-J. Olier l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang R\u00f4ma, mang theo b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa t\u00e0i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong hai n\u0103m sau khi l\u00e3nh b\u1eb1ng T\u00fa t\u00e0i. N\u00ean Olier c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy b\u00e1 h\u1ea7u khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y, khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00f2 m\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n \u201cTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u sao, \u00edt ng\u00e0y sau khi t\u1edbi R\u00f4ma, ng\u00e0i m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i s\u1ee3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f9 l\u00f2a lu\u00f4n. Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i xin \u01a1n ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u1edf Loretta, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria t\u1ea1i Nazareth \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 g\u00ec cho c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n linh h\u1ed3n, ng\u00e0i l\u1ee3i kh\u1ea9u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft bao b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u01a1n tr\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c R\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00f4i) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\u2026<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o theo hai h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 : tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ng\u00e0i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i : \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u01b0a s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d ; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ctrong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady Olier coi vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Loretta n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0u mang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft mang b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh con tim. Sau khi t\u1eeb R\u00f4ma tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Capri, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xin nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng Chartreux. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1631, l\u00ean 23 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin b\u00e1o cha ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i mau l\u1eb9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u00e2u y\u1ebfm :<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u00f4i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m \u00e2u y\u1ebfm l\u1edbn lao, th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111ang trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u0103ng say tr\u1ea7n gian, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u01a1n tr\u1edbn v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i cho \u0111\u1ee7. B\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i thay ch\u1ed7 cho cha t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean cho b\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 g\u00f3a b\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Olier c\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Ch\u00ednh con b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta :<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i mong r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean sang tr\u1ecdng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 b\u00e0, l\u00e0m r\u1ea1ng danh b\u00e0, r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ; b\u00e0 xin t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, b\u00e0 tin ngay c\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cao sang c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, J.-J. Olier l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc con m\u1eaft b\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kh\u01a1i ra ni\u1ec1m ti\u1ebfc x\u00f3t n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb trong s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng huy ho\u00e0ng theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Paris n\u1eefa, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i th\u00edch \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n Paris, v\u00e0 \u01b0a s\u1ed1ng b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c em tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eady d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang. Trong ni\u1ec1m ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5n m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 : h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ea3 ngay bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cv\u00ec, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u201d ; ng\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u00f4m h\u00f4n v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u01b0u \u00fd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i : \u201cc\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng, v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u01a1i tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u1edbn th\u00eam do s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb em h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 c\u00f4 de<\/em><\/a>[6]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/em> Bussy, mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o D\u00f2ng K\u00edn (Carmel) m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Khi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f4 em h\u1ecd tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Paris, k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Khi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t th\u00edch t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. L\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam, b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n, theo ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, do vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u00e0i h\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1eeb m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1. C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi Chartres c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i khi \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng tu vi\u1ec7n Bazainville c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00f2ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Chartres m\u00e0 n\u0103m 1632 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng v\u00ec b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Olier \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vui th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i ; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Vincent de Paul, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. R\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha s\u1edf x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, cha Olier s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p hai l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 : \u0111ang khi ng\u1ee7, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn h\u00f9ng v\u0129 ; ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i t\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4 ng\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf cha s\u1edf b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng ; v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chartreux, d\u00f2ng tu \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 sau khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha s\u1edf ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc th\u1eadt s\u00e2u trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1633 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 theo nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c do cha Vincent de Paul \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 06, ng\u00e0i d\u00e2ng th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00f2ng K\u00edn \u1edf Notre-Dame-des-Champs, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f4 em h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u1ea5n d\u00f2ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ec5. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m rao gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch. Sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 t\u00edn : \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u1ea9n n\u00e0i, h\u00e3y tha thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng c\u1ea7u xin cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d.<\/p>\n

2<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i <\/strong>(1633-1641)<\/p>\n

L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Paris v\u00e0 x\u00f4ng pha v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 cha Vincent de Paul \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha, nh\u1eefng to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng, theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. S\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin d\u1ecb \u0111oan v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 y\u00eau thu\u1eadt n\u1eefa. V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eady d\u1ed7, v\u00e0 d\u1eady d\u1ed7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a n\u1eefa, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i chung. Sau c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i l\u00f2ng tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cha J.-J. Olier m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi gi\u1edd l\u00e2m chung.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00f4ng khai l\u1edbn cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i. Trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ng\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 cha ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam : \u201c\u2026 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111i n\u00e0y. Trong khi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i tham d\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra ngay tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, t\u1ea1i Auvergne. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n P\u00e9brac v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecfa ra chung quanh. Cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch : ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng tu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i, ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Chancelade (g\u1ea7n P\u00e9rieux), l\u00e0 Alain de Solminihac, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1i Cahors, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kinh s\u0129 d\u00f2ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0i. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n giao k\u00e8o nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng P\u00e9brac cho ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 Olier \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng li\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf giao k\u00e8o. Cha Olier v\u1eabn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i P\u00e9brac.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s de Langeac<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi l\u01b0u ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Auvergne k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 05 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 09 n\u0103m 1634, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s, vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n \u0110aminh \u1edf Langeac, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa Brioude v\u00e0 P\u00e9brac. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cha Olier, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3y n\u0103m sau, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb n\u1eef tu n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, qua m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y hi\u1ebfm hoi t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng h\u1ea3o thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00e2n m\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i P\u00e9brac, \u0111ang l\u00fac c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng , cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eb7c tu ph\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng n\u1eef \u0110aminh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i : \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f3c cho cha\u201d. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh, M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s, ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng P\u00e9brac. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u01b0ng h\u1eedng v\u1ec1 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi cha Olier t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u sao, ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb 26 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e1p m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1eef vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o phi th\u01b0\u1eddng khi xin M\u1eb9 l\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t, ng\u00e0i k\u00eau l\u00ean : \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y M\u1eb9 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i\u201d. M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s li\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi : \u201c\u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, cha \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i hai l\u1ea7n \u1edf Paris n\u01a1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi cha trong bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i Saint-Lazare b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c R\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cha\u2026\u201d. V\u1ecb n\u1eef vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt chu \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e2ng theo l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 cha Olier k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 cao sang, d\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i d\u00e1m n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng n\u1eef t\u1ef3 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o b\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng : \u201cCon \u01a1i, h\u00e3y c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho T.\u201d, c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00f4i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u00e0 cho d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cha J.-J. Olier ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n t\u1edbi thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec b\u00e0 h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb7t, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed quy h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Ngay t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y l\u1eeda k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. B\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u01a1n l\u00e0m b\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, b\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i cho vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 P\u00e9brac trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 1634. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i, t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng th\u00e2n b\u00ed. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u tay nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. B\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 Charlotte-des-Granges, B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu H\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 (Compagnie de Notre-Dame), d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Brioude :<\/p>\n

H\u1ee1i tr\u00e1i tim t\u00f4i, ch\u1edb g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ebft \u0111i khi ng\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng ! N\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t sao ? H\u1ee1i h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 xa m\u00ecnh ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y theo h\u1ed3n Gi\u00easu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u00e3y ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 ng\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111i t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 hoan l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i ! H\u1ee1i tr\u1eddi, sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u1edf xa ta v\u1eady ! \u00d4i V\u0129nh C\u1eedu h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111i ! Ai gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u01a1i say m\u00ea. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ch\u1eb7n con l\u1ea1i : l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, con ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t. Con ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, \u00f4i Gi\u00easu, trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vui th\u1ecfa ; con th\u1edf than trong ch\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u1ea3i bao l\u00e2u Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n ; h\u00e3y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 con y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y Cha Olier ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s. Ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u1eef vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd khai t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. M\u1eb9 s\u1ebd d\u1eady ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 khi th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111au x\u00f3t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i : \u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ea7u xin v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Lang Qu\u00e2n trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ban cho cha c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho cha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u201d ; v\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa : \u201cPh\u1ea3i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. A ! \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ! A ! \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 ! \u00f4i t\u00f4i c\u00f2n xa m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ! L\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang con, xin Ch\u00faa h\u00e3y kh\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang con n\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Xin h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang con ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa. \u00d4i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con, xin h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang con n\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y : xin h\u00e3y ban \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s tr\u00ean cha J.-J. Olier v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s, M\u1eb9 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cho ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 09 v\u00e0 n\u1eef vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 10 sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o l\u00fac 32 tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1636, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 Hyacinthe du Saint-Esprit, k\u1ebf v\u1ecb M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng K\u00fd s\u1ef1<\/em> M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed v\u1ec1 M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s :<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, xin n\u00f3i th\u1eadt v\u1edbi M\u1eb9, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1 b\u1ecbch, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb ra (vi\u1ebft) n\u00f3, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eady t\u00f4i xin M\u1eb9 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng K\u00fd s\u1ef1<\/em> M\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eef tu Agn\u00e8s de J\u00e9sus, m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n lo c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n trao ph\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s. Nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau ng\u00e0y M\u1eb9 qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu t\u1ea1i Langeac :<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u01a1n M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u00ean : \u201cOlier, linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Paris, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Langres, l\u00e0 S\u00e9bastien Zamet, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111ang t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i. Cha Vincent de Paul r\u1ea5t m\u1eebng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd mau ch\u00f3ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 may s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Cha Charles de Condren<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Langres, v\u1eabn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng t\u1edbi m\u00f9a chay 1636, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cha J.-J. Olier. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cha Charles de Condren, thay th\u1ebf H\u1ed3ng Y B\u00e9rulle, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng Oratoire t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p. Cha Condren l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1, cha c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 (Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement), cha \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u201ccanh t\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. G\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1c \u00e1i, t\u00e1n tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. T\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt g\u1eaft gao, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap n\u00f3 k\u00edn m\u00fac l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m trong h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1635, cha Olier ghi t\u00ean v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u kia, ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn Charles de Condren l\u00e0m cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

Khi m\u00e0 trong bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111ang bu\u1ed3n s\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i : cha Condren s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an : \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u01a1n b\u00e3o t\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9i d\u1eadp t\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m li\u1ec1n y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u00ec n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng Oratoire. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hai h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i : hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho ng\u00e0i, cha Condren lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 cha Olier l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ? Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a cha Olier trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n : Fran\u00e7ois de Caulet, Jean du Ferrier, Balthasar Brandon de Bassancourt. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha Olier : ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, trong bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 :<\/p>\n

Cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, bu\u00f4ng t\u00f4i theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a cha Condren, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : \u201cbu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ngoan ngo\u00e3n h\u01a1n cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Auvergne<\/strong><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nantes<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1636, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Auvergne. Ng\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1637. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Saint-Ilpize, g\u1ea7n Brioude, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Vieille-Brioude, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i P\u00e9brac cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong mi\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Saint-Just-les-Brioude, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Lamothe.<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tha h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u00f3 \u01a1n l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng :<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m, th\u00ec t\u00f4i b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t hai kinh. Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m l\u0103n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00eau : T\u00ecnh y\u00eau, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, t\u00f4i ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u01a1n tr\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd g\u00e1n cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, ho\u1eb7c coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n thi\u00ean linh c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd. D\u1ea7u sao ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u01a1n th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c trong h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong ho\u0103c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb bi\u1ebft th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i Langeac, ng\u00e0i ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5y n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i, lo s\u1ee3 cho t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u0103n s\u00f3c ng\u00e0i. Sau khi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c, v\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111au \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, ng\u00e0i \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi Notre-Dame de Bon Secours (\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 H\u1eb1ng C\u1ee9u Gi\u00fap) t\u1ea1i Tournon v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cha d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1638 trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, cha Olier \u00edt h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n. Ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. S\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng ban cho ng\u00e0i trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec n\u01a1i t\u00f4i, khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n d\u1eady d\u1ed7 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ecb b\u01b0ng b\u00edt, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3ng tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7y t\u00f4i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp vui m\u1eebng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, \u0111ang l\u00fac ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lu\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u201cqua s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d, m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n ng\u00e0i \u201cnh\u01b0 xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u00f4i ra\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i sau khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 ; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ra, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u00f3i qua mi\u1ec7ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00eau d\u1ec7t th\u00eam \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec gian \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng do khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i. D\u1ea7u sao ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi khinh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft d\u1ea7u sao ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u201chi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u chi\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do suy ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00e0 \u00e2m vang c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i \u201cbu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n\u201d v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb th\u00eam r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u0103n kho\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4, trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n ban c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch sung t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf trong \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i \u0111i t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u01a1n trong tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ; ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1638 cha J.-J. Olier l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi Auvergne n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ra th\u00ec ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Saintonge tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Denis Amelote. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i trong tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Clisson. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 07, ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Fontevrault, n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nantes, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Regrippi\u00e8re. Tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. Ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp ai v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 \u0111ang ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh trong mi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ecd l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ed3ng g\u00e0, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i xin c\u1ee9 \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 tu vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu tr\u1ebb, Claude de Vauldray, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1edbp qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i trong mi\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn\u201d theo ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb, sau khi \u0111i kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 t\u00edn. C\u00e1c n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u1ed1i g\u00f3t ch\u1ecb Vauldray trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a. Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00eam can \u0111\u1ea3m cho h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u1ecb ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafng cay v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026 C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb Cha \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ecb trong \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady, m\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cay \u0111\u1eafng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u1ecb ?<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef lu\u00f4n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat khi ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00e0ng Regrippi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Clisson, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2y d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh trong x\u1ee9. M\u1eb9 de <\/em>Bressand, B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng (Visitation) t\u1ea1i Nantes, khi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng. M\u1eb9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gen\u00e8ve. Ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 cho M\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s t\u1ea1i Langeac. M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh n\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi n\u1eef tu de <\/em>Vauldray, cha Olier kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i t\u1ecf v\u1edbi M\u1eb9 de<\/em> Bressand nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Canada<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1639, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ngh\u00e9 qua Saintonge. S\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u ngy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Ng\u00e0y kia nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trong th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 50 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng : \u201cXin h\u00e3y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean trong con m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim trong s\u1ea1ch, \u00f4i l\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong con tinh th\u1ea7n ngay th\u1eb3ng\u201d. Sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00f2ng vo, c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n :<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y) nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c (p\u00f4les) s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y kia ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>: \u201cTa mu\u1ed1n con \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp k\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi cha Adrien Bourdoise. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129, m\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Cha Bourdoise th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh. Cha Olier s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p cha nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ph\u1eadt l\u00f2ng cha de <\/em>Condren, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y xem ta m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn cha Olier cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Le Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i mi\u1ec1n Angers, nh\u00e0 quan thu\u1ebf t\u1ea1i La Fl\u00e8che. N\u00f3i th\u1eadt, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb tranh c\u00e3i, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia trong n\u0103m 1636 \u00d4ng Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Canada, v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3o Montr\u00e9al m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng n\u1eef tu c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i gi\u1eef k\u00edn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i Paris \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cha Bernier, d\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Medon. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u00f4ng v\u1edbi cha Olier ? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. D\u1ea7u sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhau. H\u1ecd trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re. Cha s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Saint-Sulpice c\u00e0ng tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0y 02 th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1636, \u0111\u00e3 nghe ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho d\u00e2n Indiens t\u1ea1i Canada. Trong khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201chai ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb\u201d, v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ba n\u0103m nay, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u00e0 quan thu\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n La Fl\u00e8che l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n. M\u1ed9t c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t mong \u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p Qu\u1ed1c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Montr\u00e9al, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y do nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Jacques Cartier v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, hai nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Montr\u00e9al m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Canada \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi Anh Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y \u01b0a nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n hoang \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a. Cha Olier v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re mu\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Montr\u00e9al\u201d(Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Notre-Dame de Montr\u00e9al). R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 Gaston de Renty, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a cha de<\/em> Condren, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i mi\u1ec1n Normandie, m\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng de <\/em>Maisonneuve ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n Champagne, t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi b\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ba n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1642, h\u1ecd c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Montr\u00e9al, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u00f4ng Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cha Olier, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i La Fl\u00e8che, v\u1edbi Jeanne Mance, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Langres, C\u1ee9u t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh Giuse, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n sang Canada \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cha Olier c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf Paris t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 ng\u00e0i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0a, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c sau c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 nh\u1ed9c m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng sau c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. Khi ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Langres, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddt ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110ang khi ng\u00e0i tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Montdidier, th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 06, l\u1ec7nh b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne. Cha Olier c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00ec ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 03 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 de<\/em> Bressand :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cha T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n (de Condren) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u1eefa, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3n th\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1. Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xin tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00e1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi cho H\u1ed3ng Y Richelieu, \u0111\u1ec3 cho cha Condren c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 07 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi n\u1eef tu de<\/em> Vauldray v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2lons \u1ea5y\u201dn\u00f3\u201cgi\u1eef ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y (Paris) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3 n\u01a1i Cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n ; khi cha n\u00f3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i d\u0169 b\u1ecf\u201d. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 cho M\u1eb9 Bressand ng\u00e0y 06 th\u00e1ng 08 :<\/p>\n

Con r\u1ea5t y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cha, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1ee3 g\u00ec cho Ch\u00e2lons : cha kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a cha T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ng\u00e0i b\u00eanh \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Puy m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i P\u00e9brac v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd :<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb m\u00e0 qu\u00fd cha n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u2026 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o t\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi r\u1ea5t xa v\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u1edbn lao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb kia, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u00fd do \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00e2ng \u00fd cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2lons. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec cha T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Oratoire \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng. Khi m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, theo ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 l\u1ecd l\u1ea7m ; tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u00e2m vang t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cha Olier.<\/p>\n

Cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c h\u1ee5t b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 Roi-de-Sicile \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea1i Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s ? Cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong anh em Brandon, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 cha Olier r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Chartres n\u01a1i Adrien Bourdoise \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u rao gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i Maule v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1639.<\/p>\n

3<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u01a1n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y cha J.-J. Olier s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua. Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd r\u1ea5t d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m ; nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00e2y c\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 minh ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb bao n\u0103m trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft m\u1ec7t nho\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1639 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh 1641.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t b\u00fat t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/em>, ng\u00e0i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn : vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9ng h\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 :<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3ng. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec trong tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i g\u00ec n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i l\u1eb7ng thinh kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf l\u1eddi :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng. T\u00f4i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eefng s\u1edd v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ecb treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean \u1edf gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, nghe thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi chi c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eefa. Vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xao nh\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 khan ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft cho t\u1edbi nay. Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 khinh ch\u00ea m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n kia, th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ecdc m\u1ec7t l\u1edbn lao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, tin ch\u1eafc b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, khinh d\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn trong b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ed5 cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f3 ng\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh m\u1ed1i b\u0103n kho\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ng\u00e0i coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf. Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c khi ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1a n\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gh\u00e9t ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y cha J.-J. Olier \u0111ang ng\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd. C\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh kh\u1ee7ng, nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi \u00e1n tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i khinh ch\u00ea ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh : \u201cKhi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i y\u00eau th\u00edch h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i vui th\u00edch\u201d ; may thay ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u00ean \u201cn\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong c\u00e1i v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb ra th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ; tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh y\u00eau, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh ra cho ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea5ng cho t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ng\u00e0i h\u1ebft \u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n kh\u00e1c, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ecf cho ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1eef\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea3 trong l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1eefa, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi c\u1eed t\u1ecda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111i ngh\u1ec9, ng\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh \u00edt l\u00e2u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a c\u1ea3m, tinh anh, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm. Trong l\u00fac b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i th\u01b0a v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa : \u00d4i l\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh con t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con. \u00d4i l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa xin h\u00e3y gia ph\u1ea1t con, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t con n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1u t\u1ee5y \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng (la \u201csuperbe\u201d) :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111ang \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng, t\u00f4i d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ra ngay trong \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tham d\u1ef1 g\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, cho d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh chu\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea5n m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh t\u1ea9y, l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u xin v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u00fang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng ng\u00e0i \u0111ang g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n coi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n s\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n\u201d. Trong th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1640 ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 Bressand r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u1eefng an \u1ee7i t\u1ecf cho ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u00edt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi cha nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0n che nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cha, cha t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i cha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cha.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft :<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec cha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh n\u00f3i cho con th\u1ea5y t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a cha, n\u00f3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng cha ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng li\u00ean l\u1ee5y kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m n\u00ean n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a s\u1edf th\u00edch m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng an \u1ee7i m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 tinh vi v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i g\u1eedi cho n\u1eef tu Vauldray :<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu con bi\u1ebft coi ch\u1eebng th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 con t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con, b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c con \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i ? Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng trong c\u00e1i t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u00e1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t sinh qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu cho m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch g\u1eaft gao v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ng\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng :<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4 khan, lu\u00f4n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm xem nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t , \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thi\u1ebfu b\u00e1c \u00e1i, thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn sao, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed7i d\u1eady, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec lu\u00f4n th\u00e2m t\u00edn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady su\u1ed1t trong g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 khan v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2y t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean b\u1edd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap chung quanh m\u00ecnh, c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, cha Condren, \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1641.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00e1y s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t. B\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng : th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u00ec, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Trong khi \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c, bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ta, n\u1ebfu ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n cho ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 qua ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed7i d\u1eady trong ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1eady t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh, hay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng ng\u00e0i ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ; s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng say m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o trong ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 v\u00ec b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5i thay x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thay cho t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i thay cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thay cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y trong t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng l\u00f2ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thay cho s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1ng nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 t\u1eeb nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh n\u0103m 1641. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng sau \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u1edf Chartres m\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m su\u1ed1t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng cha Olier s\u1ebd \u201cbu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d, ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e1n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u01a1n ban nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qua cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 :<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 trong, b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y t\u00f4i : con ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh cho Ng\u00e0i ; th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n g\u1ee1 t\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cho tha nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c n\u00f3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u00f2n m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong th\u1eed th\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh :<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec ? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng :<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf, theo t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y : T\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong \u01a1n ngh\u0129a n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong ch\u00fang ta, k\u00e8m theo thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u thay v\u00ec l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf n\u00f3, ta h\u00e3y ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong ta, \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i n\u00e2ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u h\u1eb1ng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh. Cha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lao m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf t\u1ed1i cao. Ng\u00e0i trao ph\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 theo ki\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

4<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaugirard<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1641, cha J.-J. Olier vi\u1ebft cho n\u1eef tu Vauldray, con thi\u00eang li\u00eang ng\u00e0i \u1edf tu vi\u1ec7n Regrippi\u00e8re r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111ang b\u1eadn \u201cd\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chartres\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng nay, to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf linh m\u1ee5c, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay. Cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111ang khi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1eafp s\u1eeda ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang cho t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. S\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cha Olier c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t xa h\u01a1n, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Paris m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c tu vi\u1ec7n P\u00e9brac c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 09, to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Notre-Dame-des-Ardilliers, g\u1ea7n Saumur. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi vi\u1ebfng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire coi s\u00f3c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha Condren, nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn Notre-Dame-des-Ardilliers \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. Trong khi \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0129nh t\u00e2m trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh trong k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Puy n\u01a1i m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh t\u00f2a v\u1eeba b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eefa. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y, theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0i nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n ra : \u201cTa mu\u1ed1n ban cho con thay v\u00ec T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 Bressand v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1641, ng\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi M\u1eb9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :<\/p>\n

Cha th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ma qu\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y xa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi to\u00e1n n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 xem ra ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i, x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. H\u00e3y c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong \u00e2m th\u1ea7m. H\u00e3y trao ph\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y cho Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ai v\u1eady ? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00c9tienne Meyster ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u00edt l\u00e2u nay r\u1ed3i. V\u1ec1 Fran\u00e7ois de Caulet ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Chartres ? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Amelote, b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd s\u1edbm t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Oratoire.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t \u01b0ng m\u1edf ra cho nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 n\u00e0y. Cha Olier c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c cho M\u1eb9 Bressand :<\/p>\n

Cha trao ph\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, Charles Picot\u00e9, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 trong th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Vaugirard, c\u00e1ch Paris v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Versailles. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c N\u1eef tu Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 (les Filles de la Croix) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do Mme <\/sup>de Villeneuve, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 lo vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em ngh\u00e8o mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea. B\u00e0 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i b\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn to\u00e1n linh m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Vaugirard m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c. V\u1eady Fran\u00e7ois de Caulet, Jean du Ferrier, r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh Olier c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng xum h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi Charles Picot\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean x\u00f4ng pha v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ; n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n Paris, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 xa v\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u0129nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Mme <\/sup>de Villeneuve v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean cha Olier c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1. Ng\u00e0i xin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u00edt ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Notre-Dame-des-Vertus, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf Aubervilliers v\u00e0 do c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire coi s\u00f3c. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau tan. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng cho t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 v\u1eeba qua trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ra sao, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y kia v\u00ec l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi t\u00f4i trong tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 trong khi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i cho t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i \u00f4m trong tay m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m l\u1edbn Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edn c\u1ea9n l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady : \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Chartres, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 trao ph\u00f3 cho l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady cha Caulet, du Ferrier v\u00e0 Olier \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 Vaugirard hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ecfng \u1edf s\u1ed1 383. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho cho cha Amelote nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfc x\u00f3t n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng anh em m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Ba \u201cNg\u00e0i\u201d<\/a>[7]<\/sup><\/sup> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 Baudrand, nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u1eed v\u1ec1 Saint-Sulpice, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y : \u201cC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm, \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd qua nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3\u201d. Ta th\u1ea5y ngay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn, ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha J.-J.Olier d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c : th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm, suy ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. V\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mong \u01b0\u1edbc truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y mai v\u00e0 \u201ctrong s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d theo l\u1eddi cha Ferrier n\u00f3i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/em>. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mme<\/sup>de Villeneuve c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o vi\u00ean th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn s\u1ee3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i Chartres. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi. Sau n\u00e0y cha du<\/em> Ferrier n\u00f3i khi g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y : \u201cKhi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m\u201d. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0m sao t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eeba ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u00f3, n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng \u1edf ngay c\u1eeda Paris, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ? \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 qua cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadt khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3. Khi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Vaugirard, h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. V\u1eady tr\u1ef1c quan l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103m t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 : kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 01 n\u0103m 1642, ngay sau khi thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t xong t\u1ea1i Vaugirard, cha J.-J. Olier vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u201ctr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Paris s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i n\u0103ng g\u1eb7p b\u00e0 h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0i t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 th\u01b0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin b\u00e0 vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0a th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m th\u1eddi gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa \u0103n chi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y, b\u1edfi h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i, v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho Th\u1ea7y ch\u00ed t\u00f4n ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd xin b\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Trong l\u00fac ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u00e0, t\u00f4i xin b\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta kh\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00f4i v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u1edb Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1edb g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i vui l\u00f2ng ban cho t\u00f4i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee3i khen Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cha Olier r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0nh vi ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 xin ng\u00e0i ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i, ch\u1eafc v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng ng\u00e0i \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a t\u01b0 ri\u00eang. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda. Ch\u00edn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho M\u1eb9 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Trinh N\u1eef l\u00f4i k\u00e9o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1642 n\u00e0y, cha Olier c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho ng\u00e0i trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i\u2026 T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5ng chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu t\u00f4i\u2026 T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n\u2026 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00edn c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t trong tay c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn, \u0110\u1ea5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4n ngoan, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u2026 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u2026 N\u1ebfu thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u00eam \u00e1i d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00ed th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0i\u2026 th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. V\u1eady h\u1ee1i v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con, xin h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Th\u1ea7y, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u1ebfm th\u1eed Th\u1ea7y \u00eam d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ebfn bi\u1ebft bao, Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1edd l\u1ea1y bi\u1ebft bao. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4i t\u1edb, khi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i : \u00d4i T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a con, con ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh con cho Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00e0y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong tay Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ea7y t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh \u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m th\u1edd l\u1ea1y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ef1 trao hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1642 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>ng\u00e0i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan tr\u00ean m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Khi ng\u00e0i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u201cc\u00e1i \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng cao c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2ng ch\u00ednh Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m Con m\u00ecnh\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1 \u01a1n tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i, t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, cho ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ng\u00e0i chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha. H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ; trong bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i Vaugirard, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 :<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1y M\u1ecdi S\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con, con mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee3i khen v\u00e0 ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u201cbu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh\u201d, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn lao. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau m\u1ed9t \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, trong l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Ng\u00e0i trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 hay l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i k\u00eau l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng, sa n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, than th\u1edf, v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecdc : \u00d4i T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a con, ch\u1edb g\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft tr\u0103m ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n cho Ng\u00e0i !\u2026 \u00d4i T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a con, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i y\u00eau con \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i ban nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ?\u2026 T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p c\u1eeda l\u1ea1i, s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt th\u00e1i qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ngay sau khi tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb khi cha Condren qua \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, ng\u00e0i x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau ; nay ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111ang n\u1ea3y n\u1edf trong ng\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn xin Dom Gr\u00e9goire Tarisse, d\u00f2ng Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng Saint-Maur, Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s. Ta bi\u1ebft do ngu\u1ed3n tin kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t cha t\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 Dom Hugues Bataille, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Cha Olier t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, Dom Tarisse, v\u1eabn s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1, li\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Dom Bataille, cha n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m linh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng cha Bataille c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00e1c ? D\u1ea7u sao ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd cha \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 cha J.-J. Olier s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f3a kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u0103ng ? D\u00f9 sao, cha s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Saint-Sulpice c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp v\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0i, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i chung. \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp v\u1edf n\u00e0y ta li\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t, l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh v\u0103n cho th\u1ea5y cha Olier vi\u1ebft theo h\u1ee9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Khi so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Saint-Sulpice, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u1eadt d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, do hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 theo bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Trong \u0111\u00f3 cha Olier nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u1ef1c ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm g\u00ec, v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Cha s\u1edf Vaugirard l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 trao ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ng\u00e0i cho h\u1ecd. Ba v\u1ecb \u201ct\u1ecbch li\u00eau\u201d (solitaires) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho. T\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m h\u0103ng say truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Vaugirard. H\u1ecd m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Chartres v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/em>, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nung n\u1ea5u ng\u00e0i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 : ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u1edf trong con tim ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh ch\u00e1y b\u1ea7ng\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t con tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda\u201d. S\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c trong b\u00ed t\u00edch s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban cho. \u0110\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u201ccon tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda\u201d s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngay khi ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u00fac vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5, l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ea3y sinh trong ng\u00e0i, trong s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea5ng ng\u1ef1 trong ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua ng\u00e0i. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed th\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n trong cha J.-J. Olier m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ee5c t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho \u01a1n ban c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5, Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc trong t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 cao c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m th\u1eed t\u1ea1i Vaugirard kh\u01a1i d\u1eady h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u0103ng say nh\u1ea5t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Adrien Bourdoise m\u00e0 cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Brou, trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Chartres, c\u1ef1u t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 s\u1ee9c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cha d\u00f2ng Capucin hay d\u00f2ng T\u00ean t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c\u201d. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet do ng\u00e0i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. H\u1ecd \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, t\u00f9y h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cha Bourdoise kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i (v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh \u00edt khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n hung b\u1ea1o n\u1eefa. C\u00e1ch phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t am h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cha. Ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 trong gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hung h\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Vaugirard l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0nh, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ee5 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 cha Ferrier n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean ai c\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5, gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 (ng\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 60 tu\u1ed5i), m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i trong th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n binh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u1ee7ng sinh\u201d m\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vaugirard trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n hay h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 trong kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ; ch\u00ednh Richelieu, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cha Bourdoise, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire t\u1ea1i Saint-Magloire, c\u1ee7a Vincent de Paul t\u1ea1i Bons Enfants, c\u0169ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m t\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn cho ba \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4i dinh th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf Rueil n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch (Compagnie des pr\u00eatres de Saint-Sulpice) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh : Cha Picot\u00e9, m\u00e3n nhi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c N\u1eef tu Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ba v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o ; r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t Fran\u00e7ois Houmain de Sainte-Marie v\u00e0 Pierre de la Chassaigne tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ; sau c\u00f9ng, Balthasar de Bassancourt quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf Amelote ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf Vaugirard. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Auch, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Godefroy de Rochefort. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh em h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ! Cha du Ferrier d\u1eady m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Cha La Chassaigne t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eady th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u00f2n cha Olier th\u00ec nh\u1eadn d\u1eady Th\u00e1nh Kinh, m\u00f4n m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng ri\u00eang. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d (conf\u00e9rence de l\u2019\u00c9criture) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u00e0i : m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, theo ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng theo t\u1eebng ch\u1eef l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 03 n\u0103m 1639, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Amiens \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c suy ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Kinh . L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho M\u1eb9 Bressand :<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00fac b\u00e1ch cha \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Amiens, nh\u01b0ng con r\u1ea5t y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a cha, l\u00fac n\u00e0y cha c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf, do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u01b0a r\u1ed9ng ban cho cha, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i cha kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng. Cha \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh (Condren) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ea5ng khuy\u00ean cha \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho cha.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh 1642, ng\u00e0i ghi trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>:<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vua David\u2026 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb hai ng\u00e0y nay, Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc vua David, d\u1eady t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00ean b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta v\u00e0 vua David n\u00f3i m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tim t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ea1o r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 th\u00fa, v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u xa r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa :<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai ng\u00e0y\u2026 trong bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m th\u00e1nh Gioan ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u1ee9 Samaria. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong khi c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, x\u00e9t v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u2026 h\u1ecd t\u1ecf ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghe theo h\u01a1n t\u00f4i trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u01a1 l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1eady Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 hai c\u1ee7a \u0103n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

5<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cha s\u1edf x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 07 n\u0103m 1642, cha J.-J. Olier b\u00e1o tin b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 cho n\u1eef tu Vauldray r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice. V\u1edbi ch\u1ecb n\u1eef tu n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb. Tin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u1eef tu Vauldray s\u1ee3, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u1edbi th\u0103m mi\u1ec1n Nantes. V\u00ec the, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c :<\/p>\n

Cha s\u1ebd n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1edbi con v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng con, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng an \u1ee7i con v\u00ec cho con ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. V\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng danh \u0111\u00f3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint-Sulpice, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng xin con vui l\u00f2ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 cha Olier n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 giao k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 trao hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u00e0i r\u1ed3i : ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ? Vi\u1ec7c cha Olier tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u1eabu h\u1ed9p l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. Nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kia t\u00ean l\u00e0 Julien de Fiesque, sinh g\u1ea7n Clisson, n\u01a1i theo ta bi\u1ebft, cha Olier c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m nay v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Saint-Germain g\u1ea7n ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, ni\u1ec1m s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n s\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Saint-Sulpice v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Saint-Pierre-du-Gros-Caillou, Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s, Saint-Fran\u00e7ois Xavier, Saint-Thomas-d\u2019Aquin, Sainte-Clotilde, Notre-Dame-des-Champs v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Saint-Sulpice. S\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t Paris. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n khu ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, t\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain. Ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u1eed th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. D\u1ea7u sao b\u1ecdn v\u00f4 t\u00edn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cnh\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cTri\u1ebft gia\u201d, c\u0169ng ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecd y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ea1i. N\u1ea1n m\u00e3i d\u00e2m t\u1ef1 do lan tr\u00e0n. Ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111em b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch y\u00eau thu\u1eadt ngay t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Phi\u00ean h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Saint-Germain khai m\u1ea1c ng\u00e0y 03 th\u00e1ng 02 v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh Vinh-S\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3, th\u1ea3 c\u1eeda cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n qu\u00e2n tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa ; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh, trong khi c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t tr\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u1eafng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n Abelly c\u00f3 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 l\u1eddi khi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01a1i x\u00fa u\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Paris, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t cho qu\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u00edn, v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea5u, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7m than di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c xem ra ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y b\u1eadn t\u00e2m chi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1eb7t ngay t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng lui t\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Ngh\u0129a trang k\u1ec1 b\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khung c\u1ea3nh trang nghi\u00eam x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00ec b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, b\u1ecf b\u00ea. Qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, qua th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ebb loi kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 cha Le Gaufre, th\u1ea7y Claude Leglay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Lorrain t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u201d, v\u00ec th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c mi\u1ec1n Lorraine, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cha Claude Bernard, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1641, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c : nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn khu ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang n\u01a1i h\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ; nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng khai, \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea3<\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/sup>, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ec3u Gen\u00e8ve\u201d. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m khuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u1edd l\u00e2m t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao Julien de Fiesque, cha s\u1edf c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau m\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i phong h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra \u00edt h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi m\u1edf v\u00e0 trao ph\u00f3 cho cha Fran\u00e7ois de Perrochel, m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 cha Olier r\u1ea5t th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Saint-Germain. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111i\u1ec7n Louvre, dinh th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n Luxembourg L\u1edbn, Nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 Gaston d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans v\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Aiguillon, con \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eeb ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch g\u00ec t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a khu ph\u1ed1. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng trong tu vi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec Dom Gr\u00e9goire Tarisse ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean; cho d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i cai qu\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tu vi\u1ec7n, theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n danh Henri de Bourbon, Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 bay nh\u1ea3y, n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh Marc\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7u l\u1edbn t\u1edbi l\u00e0ng Vaugirard v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 cha Julien de Fiesque g\u1eb7p cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng trao tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho h\u1ecd n\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c cha. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y sau, 17 th\u00e1ng 05, cha \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi cha Ferrier. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1edd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba t\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ecf r\u00f5 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Vaugirard. \u00c2m vang v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u01a1 may th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn lo gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c. L\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice k\u00e8m theo vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ? Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf ngay c\u1eeda Paris, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1u tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 lui t\u1edbi h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ? V\u1eady h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 trong s\u1ef1 y\u00ean h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Vaugirard v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u s\u1ebd d\u00ecm h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd \u0111i tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Cha Ferrier \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i Vend\u00f4me \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Dom Gr\u00e9goire Tarisse \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain, ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00f2ng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c : c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Vaugirard v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng can gi\u00e1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Julien de Fiesque b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch ra cho h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd lao m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u201cvi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\u201d. V\u1eady \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201cqu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u201d h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Fran\u00e7ois Renar, b\u1ea1n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a cha Olier trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Auvergne. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt h\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 tr\u00ean cha Olier, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00edch l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec cha Fiesque d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0i mong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c. Cha Olier s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00f9y s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch mau l\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t. Tu vi\u1ec7n Clisson thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a cha Olier l\u00e0m cha Fiesque \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec9 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i kim m\u00e0 cha Olier cam k\u1ebft s\u1ebd thanh to\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 h\u01a1i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, v\u00ec cha s\u1edf c\u1ef1u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i cho l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 thi\u1ec7t cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 xem ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cha s\u1edf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha Olier, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u00edch cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua sa m\u1ea1c (th\u1eed th\u00e1ch) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i n\u00ean ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn thi\u00eang li\u00eang ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u. V\u00ec b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb bao l\u00e2u, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn lo ng\u1ea1i :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y, Marie Rousseau, m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u00edt n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1642 :<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m qua b\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i can \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 28 c\u00f9ng th\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c :<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111ang ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 to\u00e1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 06, khi m\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i R\u00f4ma \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c. S\u1edf d\u0129 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 D\u00f2ng Saint-Germain tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 cha Olier ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i. M\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bu\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi trong nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Trong khi m\u00e0 con b\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cha s\u1edf, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa cha J.-J. Olier v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m cha s\u1edf, c\u1ea3 khi l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb khinh ch\u00ea.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cha Olier l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 do \u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb d\u00f2ng T\u00ean, cha Rapin, g\u1ee3i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi : \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb khinh ch\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trao c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Paris, cho ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u00edt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng. Cha Olier l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, do l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf \u1edf Paris t\u1ea1i khu ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n n\u1eefa : \u201cNg\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u0103n th\u1ea7n x\u01b0a r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 trong Th\u00e0nh, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u1edbn. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i coi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 coi s\u00f3c c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ; v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i, theo b\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con trai m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y theo m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 Paris, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, cha Olier g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00e0y t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ngh\u00e0i t\u1edbi khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng e d\u00e8 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt :<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u1eefa, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Adam, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau c\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp, trong khi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb1m m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e8m pha kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, th\u1eadt sa \u0111\u1ecda, th\u1eadt kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ngu ng\u1ed1c, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 coi l\u00e0 h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn do s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 chi, r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tin, t\u00ean kh\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u00f3c Adam m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh n\u1edf k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u sang v\u00e0 vinh d\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng, \u00f4i ch\u1edb chi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh do vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice, cha Olier n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi : th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1eadt cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, d\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vinh d\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n gian , m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vinh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ban m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0103n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Chi\u00ean L\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 ban m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0103n :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>, r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc ao ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbc ao ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0103n cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y trong b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh Ng\u00e0i ban cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0103n cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi \u1edf. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u m\u00ecnh ra v\u00ec n\u00f3, th\u00ec \u00edt ra t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a cha Olier ngay \u1edf l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i k\u00fd kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i l\u00ean l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng trang n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf ! \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tri cho ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 : \u201cnh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh trong M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau hao v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u201d, ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4,<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao trong Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u00edt l\u00e2u nay t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00ec n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t h\u00fat \u0111i trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u00e0i m\u1ea5t h\u00fat \u0111i trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 trong nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u2026 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m t\u00edch mang Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 qua h\u1ecd Ng\u00e0i cao rao vinh quang c\u1ee7a Cha Ng\u00e0i ; trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ecdi l\u00fd do v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn. Julien de Fiesque n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i kh\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi s\u1edbm h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh : Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 08, sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n linh \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng. B\u00e0 Olier coi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0ng to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi t\u00e1m \u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Vaugirard, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em trai c\u1ee7a cha Ferrier. Ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 08 cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1642 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 01 th\u00e1ng 09, ng\u00e0i \u0111i tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha s\u1edf mi\u1ec1n Paris. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng linh m\u1ee5c, d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Cha s\u1edf tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 35 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00eau. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0i l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 04 th\u00e1ng 11, v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh Charles Borrom\u00e9e, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, sau khi ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 t\u1eeb R\u00f4ma cho ph\u00e9p trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12 ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00f9m tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb x\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u00edt l\u00e0 n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf tuy \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m hai b\u00ean. Cha Bassencourt, do cha Olier \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho cha Bourdoise : \u201cM\u1ecdi nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n chen l\u1ea5n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 : ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m (ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p) \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 08, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 Guisarde, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d, v\u00ec mang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngay t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Cho d\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7ng sinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c cha Olier mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng hai nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ; nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 Guisarde \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb nh\u1edd b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hai c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cha Olier. V\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 th\u00ec cha Ferrier qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn ; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, cha Olier ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cha Caulet, vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Foix, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd<\/em>, \u201cl\u00e0 anh em h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi anh em ng\u00e0i\u201d.<\/p>\n

GI\u00c1O X\u1ee8<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cha Olier mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n : c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Julien de Fiesque nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 g\u1eaft gao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed , nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, theo ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Th\u1ee9c d\u1eady ngay t\u1eeb 05 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng t\u1edbi tham d\u1ef1 gi\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm chung. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd kinh nh\u1eadt kh\u00f3a, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 kinh chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc chung. Trong b\u1eefa c\u01a1m, gi\u1eef thinh l\u1eb7ng, nghe \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. T\u1eeb l\u1ec5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9 hai tu\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb 06 \u0111\u1ebfn 07 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec3 nghe hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, m\u1ed7i linh m\u1ee5c theo phi\u00ean l\u00e0m hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9c. Bu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1. L\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 chung. Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1edd b\u1ea1c , ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 d\u00e2y d\u01b0a, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00e2u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i hay \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ; c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang r\u1ebd : th\u1eadt v\u1eady m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha s\u1edf trao ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4i quy, ng\u00e0y nay xem ra c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u00ecnh theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a chung m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026\u201d. V\u1eady m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi qua s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung l\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cho ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, ngo\u00e0i ra th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng say t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u1ed9i quy c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. Trong khi khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cho cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, xin h\u1ecd c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, cha Olier t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edn m\u00fac t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1643, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m linh m\u1ee5c. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 l\u1edbn th\u00eam d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i. Cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chia gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u00e1ch chia c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Milan th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Charles Borrom\u00e9e \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, H\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong n\u0103m 1643 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201cNh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Milan\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u00e1nh Charles l\u00e0m b\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hai linh m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4 V \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o trong s\u00e1ch Nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, cu\u1ed1n Status animarum, <\/em>l\u00e0\u201c<\/em>t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n c\u01b0 theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 h\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 cha x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 giao cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 cha Olier g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d. Cha x\u1ee9 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Ngay t\u1eeb khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hay linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria. Khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, ng\u00e0i kh\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u201d, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi h\u1ecd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ho.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chia gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c tin kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng th\u00e2m t\u00edn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb do s\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o . \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e2m t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 coi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i chia c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ra c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y n\u1edf r\u1ed9 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eady c\u00e1c em v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00eam S\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh cha s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1eady c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 huynh, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo con \u0111i h\u1ecdc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cha Olier c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint-Sulpice \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t : cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd trong ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin, cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y lan tr\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1ecb \u0111oan ; ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gi\u1edd d\u1eady cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edb gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n gi\u1edd n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i cho h\u1ecd ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd).<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t mau l\u1eb9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u1eadt n\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1edd l\u1ec5, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p cha s\u1edf l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u00eam tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00f9m tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 lo c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n do s\u1ef1 tao nh\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Cha Bassancourt, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng l\u00ean cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u00f4n \u00e0o, nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice. Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1eed n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tha thi\u1ebft g\u1eafn b\u00f3 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, V\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00e1u \u1ea9n, trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0103n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong h\u1ecd m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u1eady hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u01a1n ban c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao cha Olier \u0111au l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u1eefng h\u1edd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, hy l\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0103n, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00ednh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh. Cha Olier qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean gi\u1ee5c c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1643, ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian th\u1edd l\u1ea1y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t mau l\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng cha s\u1edf x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, khi ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Gaston de Renty, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 cha Olier c\u00f3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u0169ng t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 : \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c : h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d ; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a cha Alexandre de Bretonvilliers, k\u1ebf v\u1ecb cha Olier \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp trong ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eebng c\u00f3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng cha J.-J. Olier r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Vincent de Paul, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ecb n\u00e0y quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. V\u1eady nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, trong khu ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 Saint-Germain, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu chi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice \u0111\u1ec3 xin b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o h\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i \u0103n m\u00e0y c\u00f4ng khai. Theo cha Bretonvilliers con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n hai ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f5 c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0103n v\u00e0 \u00e1o m\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 lo ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, cha Olier chia m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 Jean Blondeau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 (Jean de la Croix), ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n th\u1ea7y Gioan (Jean).Th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, cha Claude Bernard, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ngh\u00e8o\u201d, qua \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong mi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao, v\u00e0 cho d\u1ea7u cha Olier tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong x\u1ee9 cho \u201cs\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d, ng\u00e0i bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00e1c \u00e1i l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Qu\u00fd B\u00e0 B\u00e1c \u00c1i (Dames de la Charit\u00e9) m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cha Vincent de Paul tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1643, ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn cha Vincent de Paul \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean Qu\u00fd B\u00e0 B\u00e1c \u00c1i h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 chu to\u00e0n n\u1ed9i quy c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u1edbi nay c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cho d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian sau, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c N\u1eef tu B\u00e1c \u00c1i (Filles de Charit\u00e9) c\u1ee7a Louise de Marillac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i d\u00e2m<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Mi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm. Ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e3i d\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n m\u00e0 cha Olier mu\u1ed1n d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00fd qua v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p quan t\u1ea1i Saint-Germain b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u00e3i d\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft giam. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00ednh cha Olier s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m do c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu. M\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00ednh Quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong c\u00f9ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin \u0111\u1ebfn nghe d\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 l\u00fd coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ebd h\u1edf do ph\u00e1i tin l\u00e0nh m\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean cha Olier kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng c\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00fd d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u1ee9 Samaria :<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef x\u1ee9 Samaria \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i ra qua mi\u1ec7ng t\u00f4i, ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y\u00ean h\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e1u k\u1ec9nh l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i so s\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 :<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ec3 n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i \u0111i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ; m\u1ec7t v\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0103n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3i cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3i linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ecb ta ;<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a th\u00eam : \u201cl\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u01b0a\u201d. Trong khi l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, cha Olier di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng lu\u00f4n nung n\u1ea5u ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t ra trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, qua vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u201cnh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1ec1 trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ti\u00eau hao ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. H\u00f4m ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba \u0111i th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0n b\u00e0 b\u1ecf ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng giao h\u00f2a ch\u1ecb ta v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, ng\u00e0i \u0111i th\u0103m h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1ebb k\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat suy ngh\u0129 g\u00ec trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cha Olier ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eadn t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u0103ng say truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp th\u1ea7m k\u00edn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7ch \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khung c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Nantes do vua Henri IV c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1i Calvin\u00f4 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1i Luter\u00f4 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p. Tuy v\u1eady s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ta s\u1ebd ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm n\u01a1i cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft th\u1eddi m\u1edbi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ; ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p quan c\u1ee7a Saint-Germain \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i , tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u chi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe nhau : t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0i xin v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n cha Lucas, linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Mission, m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ng\u00e0i xin cha Vincent de Paul d\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n cho ng\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 cha V\u00e9ron, nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u0103m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0nh ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft s\u1eafp qua \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i khi l\u00e2m chung b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi c\u1eeda tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n ; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ch\u00f3t. Tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd canh gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 cha Olier ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, thanh danh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n linh m\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan t\u1ecfa. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice v\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n qu\u00fd. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Jacques Cr\u00e9tenet, b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cha gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Lyon H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n th\u1eeba sai Th\u00e1nh Giuse, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, cha Yvan, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng xu\u00e2n b\u00edch, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m 1644. C\u0169ng v\u1eady l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00f3c v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i, l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbc F\u00e9lelon v\u00e0 Abraham de Fabert, Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c, gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c,<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c ng\u00e0i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. Th\u00f3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef danh d\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00e9n nh\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng. G\u1ea7n hai tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh ph\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb vi ph\u1ea1m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u01b0a b\u00eanh \u0111\u1ee1 danh d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t r\u1ea3i r\u1eafc kh\u1eafp Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3t xa v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00e1c h\u00f3a b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn :<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn n\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb phanh th\u00e2y ; v\u00e0 l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y trong tay th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong ch\u00fang con.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c r\u1eddi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 ri\u00eang \u1edf Citry-sur-Marne, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Paris m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 ra tay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m kh\u1ecfi l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Gaston-Jean-Baptiste de Renty ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u00f4ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cha c\u1ee7a n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 cha Olier, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Condren h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1641. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng K\u00edn t\u1ea1i Baune, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u00e0 B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Elizabeth de la Trinit\u00e9, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u00e0 cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e2m t\u00edn. Ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1645 H\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 (Compagnie de la Passion), c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc long tr\u1ecdng, do cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice th\u1ea3o ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00fd t\u00ean cam k\u1ebft<\/p>\n

t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do g\u00ec , v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed, v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 xung kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u g\u01b0\u01a1m. Cha Olier lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i, n\u0103m 1651, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cho cha Charles Paulin, cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Louis XIV l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cha J.-J. Olier lui t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Su\u1ed1t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 cha s\u1edf, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra trong cha s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. X\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m cho cha v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch linh m\u1ee5c cha t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00f9ng mang l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, cha ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i thay cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. Tuy th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cha \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi. L\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, cha c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a cha di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1eeba v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cha \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, v\u1eeba v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a cha \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd :<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 mang t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, x\u00e9t v\u00ec l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta l\u00e0 Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea7n gian. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng l\u1edbn lao trong khi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd \u0103n n\u0103n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, u\u1ed1n l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng k\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cha Olier kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 nghe x\u01b0ng t\u00f4i, ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, linh m\u1ee5c, nam tu s\u0129, v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1eefa. Th\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng linh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 t\u00edn n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua r\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eed th\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang nay cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i ban ph\u00e1t h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u00e0i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c con thi\u00eang li\u00eang ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cha Condren \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. Cha Alexandre de Bretonvilliers, trong cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 Cha Olier <\/em>(M\u00e9moires historiques sur M. Olier) \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp chung quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u0103c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eb1ng cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc ao m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd n\u00ean th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n ban cho ch\u00fang\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 l\u1edbn lao ; v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0i v\u00ec l\u00fd do li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd hay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd :<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 si\u00eau tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con thi\u00eang li\u00eang. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i theo v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i soi s\u00e1ng cho v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n, \u201cv\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cha v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang hay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. Y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec h\u1ecd hay h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh h\u00e3y c\u00f2n xa s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier th\u00edch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d (l\u2019art des arts), l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eagori\u00f4 C\u1ea3, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y B\u00e9rulle qu\u00fd chu\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang. N\u00f3 lu\u00f4n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00edn c\u1ea9n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n mang h\u1ecd theo trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thi\u00ean linh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n do l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cha J.-J. Olier \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd. V\u00ec ch\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1 trong \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. V\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd :<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y hai linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ; m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng con thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u201cbu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d, theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i quen thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a cha Olier, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd :<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u00eang li\u00eang. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec1 b\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf m\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng k\u00e9o theo phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 cho ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa. N\u0103m 1654, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea5n \u00edt n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1i T\u1eed (Dauphin), th\u00ec b\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1i Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce. B\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi danh ti\u1ebfng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cha J.-J. Olier, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice l\u1ea5y x\u1ee9 Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i , khi b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y l\u00fd do l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire t\u1ea1i Saint-Magloire m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. D\u1ea7u sao, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho cha Bourgoing, k\u1ebf v\u1ecb cha Condren trong ch\u1ee9c B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean T\u1ed5ng Quy\u1ec1n :<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 trong d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi Saint-Magloire cho d\u1ea7u ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas\u2026 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c cha th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i r\u1ed3i, v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cha Olier c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean cho m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a g\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecdn g\u00e1i m\u00e3i d\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c y\u00ean h\u00e0n nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai s\u1ef1 s\u0103n s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 cha x\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c tr\u00f9m tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu do nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i ch\u1ea7u Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha x\u1ee9 c\u0169, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi do cha Olier c\u1ed5 v\u00f5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Cond\u00e9, Henri de Bourbon, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00fd kh\u00f4ng ra m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi ng\u1edd, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1eabn v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng sinh m\u1edbi. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y ba ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ngay trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00ed t\u1ed1n do cha x\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu, cho d\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f3ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00f9m tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c cha Olier ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ed1 Vieux- Colombier, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n l\u1ed9 ra chung quanh cha Olier v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean khi cha s\u1edf c\u0169 pha m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c. \u00c2m th\u1ea7m r\u00fat v\u1ec1 tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Clisson, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice, c\u00f3 \u00e1c c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft d\u1ea7u r\u00eau rao r\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i. \u00d4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o cha Olier l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu li\u00eam khi\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m trong th\u00e1ng 03 n\u0103m 1645, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ngay t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng y\u1ebft th\u1ecb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef sau : Nh\u00e0 cho thu\u00ea<\/em>, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng : \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb l\u00e0m thu\u00ea. <\/em>C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean trung th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cha Olier, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t an do vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m cha Caulet l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Pamiers, nay ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 , tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ba n\u0103m, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra ng\u00e0y 08 th\u00e1ng 06 n\u0103m 1645. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o. Cha Olier b\u1ecb t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn l\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o l\u00ea qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0m x\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c ng\u00e0i, l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 ng\u00e0i. Cha Vincent de Paul \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tin, v\u00f4i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, c\u1ea3 cha x\u1ee9 Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. May thay, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn l\u00f4i cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice \u0111i kh\u1eafp gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, khi qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n Luxembourg, m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i bao quanh ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0i tho\u00e1t b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0i \u0111ang h\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 che ch\u1edf. Phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean nguy\u00ean s\u00fay Estampes ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ng\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y sau.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tham Ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7n (Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat), r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed1i Cao Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7n (Parlement), t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai vi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a cha s\u1edf l\u00e0m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean , \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Cond\u00e9 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 qu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng Aiguillon, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Dom Gr\u00e9goire Tarisse, sau c\u00f9ng cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e0n th\u1eafng. T\u1ed1i Cao Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i theo nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y. Xu\u00fdt n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n n\u1ed5i l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00ec v\u00e0o ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng tay, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng cha Olier ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh, De<\/em> Fiesque kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eefng b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi can gi\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i, b\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf con m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u1eeba x\u1ea3y ra, bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 sao ? Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng 07, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Rodez. Trong th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 cha Bataille, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2m t\u00edn trong m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1n lu\u1eadn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf d\u1edf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e3nh \u00fd Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 Saint-Germain l\u00e0 Henri de Bourbon, tuy v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. R\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 xin ng\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Ngay t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp s\u1ea3y t\u1edbi : ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 08, cha Olier chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ban tr\u00f9m tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 09 ng\u00e0i k\u00fd nh\u1eadn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Antoine de Pouss\u00e9 v\u00e0 Antoine Damien, ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 10, cha Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 tu vi\u1ec7n Saint-Germain chu\u1ea9n y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1646, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 05 l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cha J.-J. Olier sau c\u01a1n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tan \u0111i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 06 n\u0103m 1645, th\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201c\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m n\u00e0o ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn v\u00e0o t\u00f9, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00ec \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u1ecfi. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 07 n\u0103m 1645 khi ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 03 th\u00e1ng 06, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1642, ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3, g\u1ed3m t\u00f3m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, th\u00e2u h\u1ecdp trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi ng\u1ee3i khen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 ti\u00eau hao\u201d ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong l\u1eddi ng\u1ee3i khen Ch\u00faa Cha. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u201d \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201ctrong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0i say m\u00ea, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1edd l\u1ea1y \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3\u201d m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u201cdi\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. S\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ng\u00e0i ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f3c than m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ecdi k\u1ebb t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u201cph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m cho Ch\u00faa \u201cb\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra\u201d nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ra. S\u1ef1 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u1eddi ng\u1ee3i khen Ch\u00faa Cha kh\u01a1i d\u1eady trong ng\u00e0i tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 v\u00ec sao ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb thanh b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

6<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 H\u1ed9i linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch <\/em><\/strong>(Le S\u00e9minaire de Saint-Sulpice)<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 07 n\u0103m 1642 trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd,<\/em> cha J.-J. Olier khi g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u1eeda m\u1edf\u201d m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ng\u00e0i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1<\/p>\n

h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea9y t\u00f4i v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u1edf v\u1edbi t\u00f4i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1eady d\u1ed7 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u00f4i s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m kia, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m gai ch\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00eau \u0111\u1ec7t th\u00eam \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u1eadn th\u1eddi ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. D\u1ea7u sao, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Vaugirard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, v\u00e0 sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nay ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu tham v\u1ecdng : \u201c\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1643, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Bordeaux, \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Sourdis, xem ra cho ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa cha Olier \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 trong d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1edfi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t D\u00f2ng l\u1edbn mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, qua trung gian \u0110\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 Saint-Germain. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho cha Olier c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u00ean th\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e2u ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vinh d\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u1eefa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Vaugirard l\u00fd do l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. Cha Olier lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha l\u00e0 B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u di\u1ec5n ra trong s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. V\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed do c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm hoi ; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh cha Olier c\u00f2n tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng sinh qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cha Caulet \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Pamiers n\u0103m 1645. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ebfp nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi thi\u1ebfu trong l\u00e0nh l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 M\u00e9liand, mua l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1645, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00f4 nh\u1ecf r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, ng\u0103n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e1n g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng, l\u00ean t\u1eadn t\u1edbi g\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3, gi\u1eef \u1ea9n danh, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi cha Ferrier, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i ghi l\u1ea1i trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd. <\/em>\u00d4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh theo \u00fd nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecb S\u1ea3nh (Hotel de Ville), l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t b\u1ecf b\u00ea. Ch\u1eafc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u01b0, l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i de <\/em>Brienne, \u00f4ng xin cha Ferrier \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m trung gian. N\u1ebfu cha ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, \u00f4ng h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn x\u00e2y lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Ph\u00eda Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch h\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra, sau c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c trung gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean Tham Ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7n (Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay, Gaston d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f2i nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec7n Luxembourg c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf. \u00d4ng ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00ed t\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng khi ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed de<\/em> Cond\u00e9 hay bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i d\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Pr\u00e9-aux-Clercs, \u00f4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t li\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u00fat l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y, tuy ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ta ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng toan t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng can thi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, do s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y qua.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1649, cha J.-J. Olier m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy suy\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb3ng. Nh\u01b0ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 anh em Souart, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cha x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cha Olier l\u00e0 Alexandre Bretonvilliers v\u1eeba th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gia t\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n tr\u00ean, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Le Mercier, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ranh b\u1edfi ph\u1ed1 Vieux-Colombier v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 Pot-de-Fer. Vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong th\u00e1ng 09, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y hai n\u0103m sau, Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Bagni \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1651. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n trong l\u1edbn. Cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng sinh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xem ra th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Charles Borrom\u00e9e c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc chung t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u00fd ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean m\u1ed9t cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Milan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u01b0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111ang t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 tang nh\u1eefng sai ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi trong t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ; tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do. Cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tinh th\u1ea7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng sinh linh m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m linh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, 04g.30 trong tu\u1ea7n, 05g.00 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd sau khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady. R\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. Sau \u0103n s\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng ai theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1ea1i Sorbonne b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c anh em kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ngay t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u00e1t c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ec1 t\u1ef1u t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh ri\u00eang. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1m tr\u01b0a, c\u01a1m d\u00f9ng trong y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng nghe \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. Ti\u1ebfp theo ngay l\u00e0 gi\u1edd ch\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ed1i, qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt l\u01b0u \u00fd x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t kinh nh\u1eadt kh\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edd trong ng\u00e0y. Sau tr\u01b0a l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i Sorbonne, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i (r\u00e9p\u00e9titions). N\u0103m gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u, l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i chung, c\u01a1m t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1eb7ng thinh t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ra nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tham d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 kinh chi\u1ec1u. C\u0169ng ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 d\u1eady gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh linh m\u1ee5c v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i do ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cha Olier kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh, qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Sorbonne n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng sinh Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch theo h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh theo tinh th\u1ea7n g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tranh bi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nu\u00f4i thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Tuy v\u1eady ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 coi nh\u1eb9 s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i coi s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n nghi ng\u1edd th\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho ki\u00eau c\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n th\u1eddi danh c\u1ee7a cha J.-J. Olier : \u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu s\u1ed1ng trong M\u1eb9 Maria, xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u1edb Ch\u00faa\u2026\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a cha Condren, ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch : \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n Linh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 hai, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n d\u1eady, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 khi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o k\u00edn m\u00fac t\u1eeb t\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda, m\u00e0 cha Olier m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a cha r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eadn s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u201cn\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u201d nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb Cha Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh cha \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 k\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta\u201d. V\u1eady ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u201ccanh t\u00e2n kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u201d n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ? Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, khi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 \u201ctuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, nh\u1eefng \u201ck\u1ebb ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (religieux de Dieu). Ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u201creligieux\u201d kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu d\u00f2ng (\u201ctu s\u0129\u201d) nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201creligieux\u201d trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a cha Olier, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng (vertu de religion), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (le vrai religieux de Dieu) ; sau Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong Ng\u00e0i m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Trong vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cha Olier quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 ki\u00eang gi\u1eef trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, cha Olier v\u1eabn nghi ng\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. Ng\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00f4 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 . N\u0103m 1650 ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o cha tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a chay c\u1ee7a cha, l\u00e0 cha ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cha, k\u1ebbo c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5y, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1eebng c\u00f3 theo s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng say m\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n \u2026th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1n m\u1eb7c \u00e1o nh\u1eb7m, ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1642 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1ecb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a. Trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cha Olier th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft v\u00ec ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Cha Olier khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n

Khi anh em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u2026 anh em h\u00e3y bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh\u2026 cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 anh em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft anh em, v\u00e0 trong khi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 anh em, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho anh em c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cha Olier coi l\u1ec5 C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0<\/p>\n

m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u2026 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cho Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d. Trong l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i th\u1eddi danh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u1ea9n n\u00e0i h\u00e3y tha thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng c\u1ea7u xin cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d. Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh : tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 t\u1eeb trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha Olier, ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu k\u00edn m\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eady n\u01a1i cha Olier n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong ta lan tr\u00e0n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau. Vi\u1ec7c sau ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n su\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ; vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c sau trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7u qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c mang tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n :<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con tim c\u0169ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ; \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i ra) v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf trong ng\u00e0i theo nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda l\u1edbn do h\u1ecda s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Charles Le Brun, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda ng\u00e0y nay h\u00e3y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch t\u1ea1i Paris.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a cha Olier ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m : \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm v\u00e0 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1edf Vaugirard, l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh cha Olier v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh linh m\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1644, trong gi\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y,<\/p>\n

qua m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u1ea7m k\u00edn r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi L\u1eddi th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh,<\/p>\n

lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n, khi ra v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh b\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh \u1edf trong c\u00f3 mang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft (\u00c9critures) \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, \u201cs\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n linh\u201d, \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n

n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i k\u00edn m\u00fac \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ; t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n n\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ban m\u00ecnh cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c nghe L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 :<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong Ch\u00faa khi r\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang ta ; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha trong ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u201clinh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1 trong \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00e0o cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng g\u1ecdi cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ed th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n sao ?<\/p>\n

V\u1eady b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c (p\u00f4les) l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u01a1i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i quy h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. Trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ecd v\u00e0 qua h\u1ecd. T\u1ef1 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u00f3a, t\u1ef1 qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ph\u1ee5c sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi :<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, qua ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 qua c\u01a1 quan l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n che c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n L\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cha Olier tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i trao cho h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e2m t\u00edn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh n\u00e0y trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u201cn\u1ed9i t\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ng\u1ee3i khen, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n vinh, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u1edf b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, b\u1edfi v\u00ec M\u1eb9 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y. Trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda l\u1edbn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 M\u1eb9 ; b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda l\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd. N\u0103m 1654, cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean c\u00f2n xin Le Brun v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u201cKh\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef\u201d tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i s\u00e2n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Buistel t\u1ea1c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eef Con Tr\u1ebb Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i M\u1eb9. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0, cha Olier \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Chartres \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 cha \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m th\u00e1nh B\u1ed5n M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Gioan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trao ph\u00f3 M\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch <\/em><\/strong>(La Compagnie de Saint-Sulpice)<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nhau t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o to\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1eeb t\u1eeb theo s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u1ee9 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i th\u00eam. Ng\u00e0i 02 th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1645, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i l\u00ean Montmartre<\/a>[9]<\/sup><\/sup> v\u1edbi hai linh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Antoine de Pouss\u00e9 v\u00e0 Antoine Damien<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, trong tay Cha \u0110\u00e1ng K\u00ednh Bataille, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng soi s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i trong tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng theo ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e2y m\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cha Olier, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng cha Olier ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 h\u0103m d\u1ecda b\u1ecf \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fat n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea9y cha s\u1edf ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7m g\u1eeb ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. Tuy v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 05, ba v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Montmartre \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 M\u00e9liand \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng sinh linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 02 th\u00e1ng 06, cha Antoine de Pouss\u00e9 tr\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u00edn c\u1ea9n gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1651, trong T\u1ed5ng C\u00f4ng H\u1ed9i h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 cha Olier m\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00e9t v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ea3y sinh khi \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Eudes hay Oratoire. H\u1ed9i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 \u0110o\u00e0n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t khi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Saint-Sulpice \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. Chung quanh cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111i k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chu to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng sinh, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh sau khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, tr\u1eeb ra khi h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, dung n\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00fd do con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i kh\u00e9o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cha kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng tu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ea1i trao c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ef3 l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cha Olier \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u01b0ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u00fat lui. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i c\u00e1c Linh M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p\u201d. C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cha Olier v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129\u201d (les pr\u00eatres du Clerg\u00e9). B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Trong khi t\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xin cho H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o l\u00e0m chia c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi nhanh ch\u00f3ng gia nh\u1eadp. Gi\u1eefa ho, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0 Alexandre Le Ragois de Bretonvilliers, v\u1ecb n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a cha Olier, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn theo ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Saint-Sulpice n\u0103m 1643, ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam n\u1eefa, Louis Tronson, linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f3 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn cha Olier l\u00e0m linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebf v\u1ecb cha Bretonvilliers \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 to\u00e1n nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Vaugirard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hai b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cha Olier trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i trao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa : Cha Caulet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Pamiers n\u0103m 1645 ; cha Ferrier l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i Rodez n\u0103m 1648 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf Saint-Sulpice \u0111i Albi, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 : Caulet b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Jans\u00e9nisme, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma ; Ferrier \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n do ham th\u00edch l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb , \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 La R\u00e9gale<\/a>[10]<\/sup><\/sup>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Bastille n\u0103m 1680. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 khi cha Olier c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh sinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n. D\u1ea7u sao, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1655, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Avron, g\u1ea7n Chelles hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Seine et Marne. Bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh cha Bretonvilliers. Sau n\u00e0y \u201cch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Issy<\/a>[11]<\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Nantes. \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Beauvau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 sai t\u1edbi Nantes, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 1649, hai c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, cha Gabriel de Queylus v\u00e0 cha Damien Hurtevent ; vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1i d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nantes c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 cha Olier \u01b0a gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn thi\u1ebfu linh m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c ng\u00e0i s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Nantes. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft gi\u1eefa cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng Oratoire l\u00e0 cha Bourgoing v\u00e0 cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ngay th\u00e1ng 10 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, cha Queylus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Paris \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ; cha Hurtevent l\u00ean l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean, nh\u1eadn cha Balthasar Maillard l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3, n\u0103m sau \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean. Sau c\u00f9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u cha Olier mu\u1ed1n r\u00fat lui ngay t\u1eeb khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c cha Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i Nantes li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha Olier, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c l\u00e0 B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng toan t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c.V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Avignon, cho d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i nghe r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1650, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Viviers, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cha Gabriel Queylus, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c cha Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn Toulouse. Tuy v\u1eady sang th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1651, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai cha Eym\u00e8re \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Flour. N\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0i \u0111i qua Puy, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m nay, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 cha Olier \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Cha Charles de Lantages \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i nhang ch\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u00edn c\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Maupas, m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m cha Lantages \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cha ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t cha l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i : ng\u00e0i \u0111e s\u1ebd r\u00fat cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u00eam hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng cha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c (t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai) n\u1ebfu cha gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn, \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, cha l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u1ecb (c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean) n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1654, c\u00e1c cha Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Clermont. Cha Queylus m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 <\/strong>Tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau, c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1eedi ng\u00e0i sang Canada, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Antoine de Pouss\u00e9 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 cha J.-J. Olier v\u1eabn m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, s\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Ho\u1eb7c \u1edf g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u1edf xa, Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch v\u1eabn tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra gi\u00fap kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o l\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 do v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ngh\u0129 ra. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, con s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn thi\u1ebfu chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, sau ng\u00e0y cha J.-J. Olier qua \u0111\u1eddi, sang m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo m\u1eabu c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i hay h\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch (incardination) trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u201clinh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129\u201d \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice, n\u0103m 1645 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lay chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m phong ph\u00fa, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p do cha s\u1edf d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cha Olier ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i theo nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1edf. S\u1ee9c xung \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1eeba s\u1ed1ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba b\u00ecnh an .<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ; nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1646, cha Olier sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng P\u00e9brac. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5. Ng\u00e0i trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7n tu Cercanceau, thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con, l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2lons-sur-Marne l\u00e0 F\u00e9lix de Vialart. Trong th\u00e1ng 10 ng\u00e0i v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t kh\u1ecfi Paris m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. Tuy m\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau hao qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e3nh ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft bao lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ; s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u1ea3 quan, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4i khi qu\u00e1 b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t trong c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Sau khi Babylon th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3<\/a>[12]<\/sup><\/sup>, R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c t\u1edbi Ispahan<\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/sup>. Ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111ang l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 Bagni \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cha J.-J. Olier nh\u1eadn t\u00f2a. Ng\u00e0i, cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, nay l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i th\u00e2m t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng do \u01b0u t\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a x\u1ee9 Canada, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u00e0i. Nay g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp t\u1ed1t, ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y. May thay c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1647, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu s\u0103n s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u00e1ng 09 ng\u00e0i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u00ean ba th\u00e1ng. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2tillon-sur-Seine, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i Clervaux, ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Dijon l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng Chartreuse, ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n tu C\u00fdteaux r\u1ed3i \u0111i Beaune n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i danh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn. Gaston de Renty, th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng K\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u201d. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng K\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb Marguerite du Saint-Sacrement m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cha Olier r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng n\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ch\u1ecb n\u1eef tu qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb Beaune, ng\u00e0i \u0111i Saint-Claude, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Annecy \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Sal\u00easi\u00f4. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10 ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Grenoble n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i vui m\u1eebng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i M\u1eb9 Bressand l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1n Nam, vi\u1ebfng Sainte-Baume, qua Avignon, ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i N\u00fdmes, Montpellier, Rodez. Ng\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ph\u00eda Limoges v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh Martial, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng 12.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cdt th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 01, ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m \u201cr\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c ly d\u1ecb (sic) m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tin l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho linh h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau. V\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u00e0, cu\u1ed9c \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 cha Olier cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef t\u1edbi nay trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n b\u00e0, ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 g\u00f3p \u00fd d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t n\u1eefa. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd, <\/em>cha Olier n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201clinh h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u201d n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau xem ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1eabu t\u1eed, m\u00e0 cha Olier c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf v\u00ec ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u00e1ng. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 sau nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i qua, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sau cu\u1ed9c \u201cly d\u1ecb\u201d, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00edt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, v\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o v\u00f4 v\u00e0n nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac quanh co c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u00e0i, nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Marie Rousseau n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s de Langeac, qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1eb9. C\u1ea3 M\u1eb9 n\u1eefa ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i xin l\u1ed7i Ch\u00faa : \u201ct\u1eeb nay kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00faa l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con n\u1eefa\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, d\u1eabu \u1edf b\u00ean kia c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. D\u1ea7u sao \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi M\u1eb9 Bressand m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 t\u1eeb g\u00ec trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m :<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u khi \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, xa l\u00e1nh, l\u1eb7ng thinh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ef1 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1648 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice r\u1ea5t \u0111au kh\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp, x\u1ea3y ra trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 07. Cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ba ng\u00e0y \u0103n chay v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ba ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea7u M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u00e2m S\u1ee9 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh t\u1edbi d\u1ef1. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u00e0i \u0111i c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i Saint-Fran\u00e7ois de Meulan. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi cha A. Bretonvilliers. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i Vaugirard tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ecf ra c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb k\u1ebf v\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Trong th\u00e1ng 11, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Clisson v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m bao l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Julien de Fiesque ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n nh\u01b0\u1eddng tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1650, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p, qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c theo h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c, thanh to\u00e1n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. Ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Tours v\u00e0 Candes, theo v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u00e1nh Martin, v\u00e0 \u0111i qua Nantes, ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1edbi Vannes \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean m\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh Vincent Ferrier.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Jans\u00e9nisme<\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/sup> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1648, cha Olier \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho cha Vincent de Paul \u0111\u1ec3 xin ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. Anh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, v\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1649, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 sang h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Jans\u00e9nisme. M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng Oratoire mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd \u0111ang ve v\u00e3n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Saint-Cyran<\/a>[15]<\/sup><\/sup>. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1651, trong \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i c\u00e1c cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Paris ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ra m\u1eb7t cha s\u1edf th\u00e2n Jans\u00e9nisme t\u1ea1i Saint-Merry m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u00e0 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng nghe v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i xa l\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i Jans\u00e9nisme. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn c\u1ea9n n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf nhoi.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1649 v\u00e0 1652 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u1eef ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i Paris, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 khi th\u00ec t\u1ea1i Verneuil, trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00fac th\u00ec n\u01a1i Mme<\/sup> Tronson t\u1ea1i Paray, g\u1ea7n Corbeil ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i Issy, n\u01a1i cha S\u00e8ve, em ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n cho cha Bretonvilliers c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1649, ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7n tu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf Cercanceau. T\u1eeb t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang trong x\u1ee9 n\u1eefa. Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea7u Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb3ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n v\u00e0i b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc ao s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh n\u0103m 1649, ng\u00e0i ghi trong Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>\u201cb\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7n gian\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u00eam :<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ban cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i tr\u00fat b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong tay \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng. D\u1ea7u sao v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01a1i cha Olier \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Trong n\u0103m 1652, ngay sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tu vi\u1ec7n Bazainville c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft :<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Ch\u00fang Ta tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng r\u00ean xi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 06 n\u0103m 1652, ng\u00e0i l\u00e2m tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 cho m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1. Khi c\u01a1n nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 xa \u0111i, ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c cha s\u1edf Saint-Sulpice, ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 06 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fac th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111i du h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khuy\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh \u1edf Bourbon. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ngoan ngo\u00e3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi Lyon th\u0103m \u00f4ng Jacques Cr\u00e9tenet, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i t\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1edbi Notre-Dame du Rh\u00f4ne ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Agn\u00e8s, t\u1edbi Viviers ng\u00e0i thanh to\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, t\u1edbi Puy, t\u1edbi Privas, t\u1edbi Langeac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u1eef tu \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng khao kh\u00e1t \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Vivarais, ngay gi\u1eefa x\u1ee9 s\u1edf tin l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n g\u1eedi nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn Privas, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cha Gabriel de Queylus. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. Th\u00e1ng 02 n\u0103m 1653, ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p cha Alexandre de Rhodes, t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f9ng theo cha sang B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t (Tonkin). Nh\u01b0ng cha de <\/em>Rhodes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Cha th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kham n\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cha Olier kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ly gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c ly gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc theo. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, B\u00e9rulle \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa Henriette de France v\u1edbi vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i vang d\u1ed9i. Cha J.-J. Olier, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi vua Charles II v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea3i t\u00f4n nh\u00e0 vua. Th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1653, vua sang th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e2u gi\u1edd v\u1edbi cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Sau c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ly gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u00f5 uy th\u1ebf thi\u00eang li\u00eang cha J.-J. Olier n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u0103n s\u00f3c h\u1ed9i Notre-Dame de Montr\u00e9al m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng J\u00e9r\u00f4me Le Roger de la Dauversi\u00e8re. Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Ville-Marie, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1642 ; ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Jeanne Mauce ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh sang Canada ; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Marguerite Bourgeois<\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/sup>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t Montr\u00e9al v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 09 n\u0103m 1653 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai sang \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd sang \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t h\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n trong ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 09 n\u0103m 1653, khi ng\u00e0i \u0111ang ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i P\u00e9ray, trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Tronson, ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb tr\u00fang phong b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t. R\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Paris, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, ba tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 sau \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7t gi\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 04 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Paris. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 05 n\u0103m 1654. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i \u1edf Bourbon v\u00e0 qua m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Moulins v\u00e0 Clermont. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 08 th\u00e1ng 09 ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u00e1ng 10 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Avron v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng sinh v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c Linh M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o <\/em>(La Journ\u00e9e chr\u00e9tienne), xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1655. S\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m <\/em>(Cat\u00e9chisme chr\u00e9tien pour la vie int\u00e9rieure) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u00edt l\u00e2u sau, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1656. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecfi th\u01b0a, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau : -Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u201d ? \u2013 \u201cM\u1ed9t kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 trong m\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Sau c\u00f9ng, cu\u1ed1n D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c <\/em>nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o <\/em>(Introduction \u00e0 la vie et aux vertus chr\u00e9tiennes) , ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau khi cha Olier qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Nh\u1eadt K\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp v\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n <\/em>(L\u2019Esprit d\u2019un directeur des \u00e2mes) do cha Bretonvilliers, cu\u1ed1n Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh <\/em>(Trait\u00e9 des Saints Ordres) do cha Tronson x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n n\u1eefa L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch <\/em>(Pietas Seminarii Sancti Sulpitii) l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u00eang li\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u1ed5i danh l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 03 n\u0103m 1657, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u00fang phong l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111ang l\u00fac ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i th\u1ed5 c\u01b0 Issy. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Paris. Ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 03, th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh, ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m kh\u1ea9u, l\u00e3nh b\u00ed t\u00edch X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Sau hai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4n m\u00ea, ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai Ph\u1ee5c Sinh (02-04-1657), ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i. Vincent de Paul, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0y 07 th\u00e1ng 04, \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Fran\u00e7ois de Caulet, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Parmiers, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh tang l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint-Sulpice. Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 05, c\u00e1c cha Queylus, Souart, Galinier v\u00e0 Dallet xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i Saint-Nazaire. H\u1ecd t\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i Qu\u00e9bec v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 07.<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

M. Faillon, Vie de M. Olier <\/em>(3 vol.), 4e<\/sup> \u00e9dit., Poussielgue-Wattelier, Paris, 1873.<\/p>\n

E. Monier, Vie de Jean-Jacques Olier, <\/em>de Gigord, Paris, 1914.<\/p>\n

P. Pourrat, Jean-Jacques Olier, fondateur de Saint-Sulpice,<\/em> coll. Les grands coeurs, de Gigord, Paris 1932.<\/p>\n

Lettres de M. Olier <\/em>(2 vol.) \u00e9d. E. L\u00e9vesque, de Gigord, Paris, 1935.<\/p>\n

Cat\u00e9chisme chr\u00e9tien pour la vie int\u00e9rieure <\/em>et<\/p>\n

Journ\u00e9e chr\u00e9tienne, <\/em>\u00e9d. F. Amiot, Le Rameau, Paris, 1954.<\/p>\n

Introduction \u00e0 la vie et aux vertus chr\u00e9tiennes \u2013<\/em><\/p>\n

Pietas Seminarii <\/em>(Directoire spirituel), \u00e9d. F. Amiot,<\/p>\n

Le Rameau, Paris, 1954.<\/p>\n

M. Dupuy, Se laisser \u00e0 l\u2019Esprit : Itin\u00e9raire spirituel de Jean-Jacques Olier, <\/em>Cerf, Paris, 1982.<\/p>\n

Art. \u201cOlier (Jean-Jacques) \u201d, Dictionnaire de spiritualit\u00e9, <\/em>par I. Noye et M. Dupuy, t. 11, col. 737.751, Beauchesne, 1982.<\/p>\n

R. Deville, L\u2019\u00c9cole fran\u00e7aise de spiritualit\u00e9, <\/em>coll. Biblioth\u00e8que d\u2019histoire du christianisme, no<\/sup> 11, Descl\u00e9e, Paris, 1987.<\/p>\n

\u201cJean-Jacques Olier (1608-1657)\u201d, Bulletin de Saint-sulpice <\/em>14, <\/em>1988.<\/p>\n

Le directeur spirituel selon Jean-Jacques Olier, <\/em>\u00e9d. G. Chaillot, Compagnie de Saint-Sulpice, 1991.<\/p>\n

Monsieur Olier, <\/em>coll. Les grands ma\u00fdtres \u00e0 prier, \u00e9d.G. Chaillot, Cahiers sur l\u2019oraison, <\/em>Feu nouveau, Troussures, 1991.<\/p>\n

Jean-Jacques Olier, La saintet\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne, <\/em>\u00e9d. G. Chaillot, coll. Foi vivante no <\/sup>293, Cerf, Paris, 1992.<\/p>\n

Vivre pour Dieu en Jesus-Christ. <\/em>Textes rassembl\u00e9s sous la direction du p\u00e8re Michel Dupuy, Cerf, Paris 1995.<\/p>\n

Gilles Chaillot, Prier \u00e0 Saint- Sulpice avec Jean-Jacques Olier, <\/em>Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 1995.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..3<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n (1608-1631) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..5<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i (1633-1641) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 22<\/p>\n

3. C\u01a1n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202638<\/p>\n

4. Vaugirard \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.47<\/p>\n

5. Cha s\u1edf x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.60<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.92<\/p>\n

7. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..109<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026119<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 120<\/p>\n

\n
\n<\/div>\n

<\/a>[1] La Fronde, t\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ebb con : b\u1eafn n\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n sau bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn trong \u1ea5u th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua Louis XIV (1648-1652), ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Y Mazarin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2] do la ng\u1eef commendare <\/em>(giao cho) : b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng ban.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3] \u201cBas clerg\u00e9\u201d (h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n) ; c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u201cHaut clerg\u00e9\u201d (h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 cao c\u1ea5p) thu\u1ed9c qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 trung l\u01b0u t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4] Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m 3 c\u1ea5p : Qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, Gi\u00e1o s\u0129, v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ec7 Tam C\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5] D\u00f2ng Chartreux do th\u00e1nh Brun\u00f4 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ; d\u00f2ng Capucins m\u1ed9t ngh\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Phan-Sinh do th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Assisi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6] \u201cde\u201d l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eefu \u00fd vi\u1ebft ng\u1ea3 (de<\/em>) trong b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, c\u0169ng v\u1eady v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cdu\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/a>[7] \u201cMessieurs\u201d (Ng\u00e0i), v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ba thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng Qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch : \u201cMessieurs de Saint-Sulpice\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8] S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau : tin l\u00e0nh theo Calvin\u00f4 v\u00e0 tin l\u00e0nh theo Lut\u00ear\u00f4.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9] c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[10] b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng la-tinh \u201cRegalia jura\u201d (quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 vua) x\u01b0a d\u00e0nh cho vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n thu hu\u00ea l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c tr\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 trong c\u00e1c T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa vua Louis XIV v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Inn\u00f4cent\u00ea XI trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1673-1693.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11] t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ecbch li\u00eau\u201d (Solitude).<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12] theo H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[13] l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Iran.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14] ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Jans\u00e9nius.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[15] Saint-Cyran hay Du Gergier de Hauranne, b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Jans\u00e9nius.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[16] s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Hi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh n\u0103m 1950.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bernard Pitaud TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec CHA JEAN-JACQUES OLIER<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,49,59,15,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-j-j-olier","category-sach-livres","category-tieu-su-cha-olier","category-truong-phai-tu-duc-phap","category-xuan-bich-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":390,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191\/revisions\/390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}