{"id":2194,"date":"2013-04-03T15:32:39","date_gmt":"2013-04-03T08:32:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=2194"},"modified":"2013-04-03T15:41:16","modified_gmt":"2013-04-03T08:41:16","slug":"youcat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/youcat\/","title":{"rendered":"YOUCAT: GI\u00c1O L\u00dd CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1eba, S\u00c1CH GI\u00c1O L\u00dd HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I NH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A H\u1ed8I TH\u00c1NH C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0GI\u00c1O L\u00dd CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1eba <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 YOUCAT<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 (YOUTH CATECHISM)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 * * *<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay: k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 50 n\u0103m khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican II (1962), v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 20 n\u0103m ban h\u00e0nh S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (1992). Hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00ec S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd:<\/p>\n

1. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Trent\u00f4 (1566).<\/p>\n

2. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican II (1992).<\/p>\n

3. \u00a0S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (2005).<\/p>\n

4. \u00a0S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ebb (Youcat), (2011).<\/p>\n

Hai cu\u1ed1n 1 v\u00e0 2 l\u00e0 hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: cu\u1ed1n 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh su\u1ed1t 436 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1566 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1992; cu\u1ed1n 2 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n hai cu\u1ed1n 3 v\u00e0 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n 2: cu\u1ed1n 3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n 2, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n 2 so\u1ea1n ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n ra 4 cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Tin M\u1eebng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 rao gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd? T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi cu\u1ed1n \u201cGi\u00e1o L\u00fd Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ebb\u201d (Youcat) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tr\u00ean, n\u00ean mong mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd y\u00eau m\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh h\u01a1n, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh; c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai: t\u1ea1i sao s\u00e1ch \u201cGi\u00e1o L\u00fd Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ebb\u201d l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f2n trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft xin h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n

I. T\u1ea0I SAO C\u00d3 S\u00c1CH GI\u00c1O L\u00dd R\u00d4MA (1566) C\u1ee6A C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed2NG TRENT\u00d4<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1566 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian 1566 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd, t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

1.1 Th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u0103m 30 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t Do Th\u00e1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \"\"<\/a>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 thinh l\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hy sinh ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi [1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1.2 Th\u1eddi c\u00e1c T\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 nghe gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u201cGi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em>\u201d trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt[2]<\/a>. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma lo ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111i c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n chung quanh Gi\u00earusalem v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, Giac\u00f4b\u00ea \u2026 V\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u01b0u t\u1eadp vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u0103n, v\u1ec1 sau gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u01b0 Tin M\u1eebng Th\u00e1nh Matth\u00eau, Th\u00e1nh Marc\u00f4, Th\u00e1nh Luca v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Gioan. T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd: \u201cTr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Matth\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Marc\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd sao?<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a>. Song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y Th\u01b0 [4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u1eddi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 4 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 13 Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 gom th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y da hay gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

1.3 Th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma, nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Tin M\u1eebng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \"\"<\/a>Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III v\u00e0 IV, coi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 t\u00f2ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Anti\u00f4kia, th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u,\u2026 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4, th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4\u2026 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Hi\u00ear\u00f4nim\u00f4 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 2 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch Kinh th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p sang ti\u1ebfng Latinh (b\u1ea3n Vulgata) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 k\u00e9m h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

1.4 Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IV, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u1ed3 \u1ea1t xin theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5\"\"<\/a> ch\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, v\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9, tu vi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Truy\u1ec1n Tin s\u00e1ng\/ tr\u01b0a\/ chi\u1ec1u; kinh H\u00f4m, kinh Mai; d\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5; \u0103n chay ki\u00eang th\u1ecbt; \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1; \u0111\u1ecdc kinh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 14 m\u1ed1i; \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i M\u00e2n C\u00f4i do th\u00e1nh B\u00eana\u0111\u00f4 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu suy g\u1eabm v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec b\u1eadn t\u00e2m lo x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 x\u1ee9\u2026 \u0110ang khi \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, ham t\u1ef1 do ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, gi\u00e0u sang\u2026 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin sa s\u00fat, v\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Tin M\u1eebng, ch\u1ec9 lo s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, d\u1ec5 theo m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, bu\u00f4n th\u1ea7n b\u00e1n th\u00e1nh\u2026<\/p>\n

1.5 \u00a0S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Luther<\/span> (1529)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng sa s\u00fat c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII \u0111\u1ebfn XV, T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, th\u00ec linh m\u1ee5c Luther, tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c, \"\"<\/a>cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd. R\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u00e2n x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, Luther \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh ra v\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng (1520). V\u00ec th\u1ebf Luther \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ly khai v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

(1)\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/span> v\u00ec do Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n v\u00ec do H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (sola scriptura<\/em>), v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00e2n x\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn 2 B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3\u2026<\/p>\n

(2)\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span> m\u1edbi c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh hay c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (sola fide<\/em>).<\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf chung<\/span> c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1524 linh m\u1ee5c Luther c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u00e1o d\u00f2ng, d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh sang ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1529 so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, r\u1ed3i S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a cho tr\u1ebb em b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea7n: 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, Kinh Tin K\u00ednh, Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha, B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i, B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Luther \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ly khai v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o 2 cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. G\u1eb7p d\u1ecbp m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh m\u00e1y in, hai s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Latinh ra ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ly khai v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh so\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 Luther. Cu\u1ed9c ly khai c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c2u ch\u00e2u r\u1eddi b\u1ecf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (kho\u1ea3ng 60 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

1.6 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma (1566) c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Luther \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1ea5p \u1ee7 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Atxidi v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII v\u00e0 XIII), l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i\"\"<\/a> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4, v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng T\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Loyola th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (n\u0103m 1540), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1545 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4 III m\u1edbi tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u1edf Trent\u00f4. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdp trong 25 kh\u00f3a, su\u1ed1t 18 n\u0103m, k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m 1563, c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd thay th\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Luther nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 V, ngay khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m so\u1ea1n cho xong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 cho ra quy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma (1566).<\/p>\n

1.7 Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma:<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Ai so\u1ea1n, so\u1ea1n cho ai?<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 V thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u0110\u00f4minic\u00f4, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c trong gi\u00e1o tri\u1ec1u R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 theo tinh th\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4, so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Latinh, so\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c coi x\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb\u2026<\/p>\n

b) N\u1ed9i dung<\/span>: <\/em><\/strong>Theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u00ean Tin L\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3y B\u00ed t\u00edch, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129, tu s\u0129, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u00edt d\u00f9ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u00edt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (xem 25 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp).<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>: <\/em>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n: Kinh Tin K\u00ednh, B\u1ea3y B\u00ed T\u00edch, M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean so\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c cha x\u1ee9 th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 sau so\u1ea1n cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u00ec theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecfi- th\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

d) Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span> (hay c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a)<\/em><\/strong>: <\/strong>Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1edf \u00c2u ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0111) \u00a0Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Latinh<\/span><\/em><\/strong>: <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ec1 sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

e) Ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, <\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Y\u1ebfu L\u00fd). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t su\u1ed1t 436 n\u0103m trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (1992).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda sai nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, n\u00ean S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.
\n<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

II. T\u1ea0I SAO C\u00d3 S\u00c1CH GI\u00c1O L\u00dd H\u1ed8I TH\u00c1NH C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O (1992) C\u1ee6A C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed2NG VATICAN II
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc sang ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi.<\/span> <\/strong>C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Khi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u Phi\u2026 nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111i sang c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi sinh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0103n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1eeba lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u00ean Tin L\u00e0nh, v\u1eeba lo truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i thay, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV v\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ham t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a). R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng), c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u2026.ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhanh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1eadn lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c ly khai c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh; c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00ec r\u00fat g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i ba ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i Tin, ph\u1ea7n hai g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n ph\u1ea3i Gi\u1eef, ph\u1ea7n ba g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00ed t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecbu; theo \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u201cba ph\u1ea3i<\/em>\u201d, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn b\u00e9 gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 \u00f4ng Galil\u00ea 1633), m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi (chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o). C\u00f2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec chia r\u1ebd tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p (t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (\u1edf Ph\u00e1p 1789, \u1edf Nga 1917), r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo \u00e2u v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

2.2 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/span> (1962- 1965) <\/strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hoang mang \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan XXIII m\u1edbi l\u00ean nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung Vatican II gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf\"\"<\/a> h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0m n\u00ean Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Cha, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 trao cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>“. Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 16 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c Nghi ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI cho r\u1eb1ng 16 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n so\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

2.3. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/span> (1992) <\/strong>Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \"\"<\/a>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng (hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng) ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u0103m 1986, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II trao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Ratzinger \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m. Sau 7 n\u0103m “S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em>” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh (1992). Xin n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma:<\/p>\n

a) Ai so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n cho ai<\/span>? <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Ratzinger \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 12 v\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng y, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, Linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, so\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, xin g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. N\u0103m 1992 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, d\u1ea7y 650 trang, g\u1ed3m 2865 \u0111o\u1ea1n. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch chung v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng ai th\u1eafc m\u1eafc mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. N\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Latinh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e0 so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra h\u01a1n 50 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 V \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o tri\u1ec1u R\u00f4ma so\u1ea1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3p \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c cha coi x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y cho b\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

b) N\u1ed9i dung.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i qui t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/span> l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m T\u00edn l\u00fd, Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/span> l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau: tin nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0m sao, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. S\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em>\u201d.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma lo \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u00ean Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u00edt d\u00f9ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u00edt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/span><\/em><\/strong> d\u1ef1a theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Luther v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma, g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n: Tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c tin (Kinh Tin K\u00ednh); c\u00e1c B\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c tin; \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo \u0110\u1ee9c tin (10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n); Kinh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin (Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha). M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111o\u1ea1n; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng so\u1ea1n theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 2865 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

d) Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/em><\/strong> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, khoa h\u1ecdc, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tin h\u1ecdc \u2026<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ch\u01b0a lo \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khoa h\u1ecdc, chi\u1ebfn tranh, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n \u2026<\/p>\n

\u0111) V\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1992 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Latinh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e0 so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

e) Nh\u1eefng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ecb so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em>\u201d, n\u00ean S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u1edbi, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n Hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u phong ph\u00fa gi\u00fap Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u2026Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1eabn nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

III. T\u1ea0I SAO C\u00d3 S\u00c1CH TO\u00c1T Y\u1ebeU GI\u00c1O L\u00dd H\u1ed8I TH\u00c1NH C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O<\/span> (2005)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/span>. <\/strong>N\u0103m 2002 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong H\u1ed9i\"\"<\/a> Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0: \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2003 ng\u00e0i trao cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban H\u1ed3ng Y so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Ratzinger v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3.2 S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/span> (2005). <\/strong>\u1ee6y Ban l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong hai n\u0103m, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 cho \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi hai S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 Vatican II:<\/p>\n

a) Ai so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n cho ai ?<\/span><\/em><\/strong> C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y do c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc cao v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean trong T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh so\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. So\u1ea1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em, d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi \u2013 th\u01b0a; v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

b)<\/em><\/strong> N\u1ed9i dung<\/span><\/em><\/strong> theo s\u00e1t S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t hay s\u01a1 s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1 1358 d\u1ea1y: \u201cph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1 \u01a1n v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u201d.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Latinh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (du Cerf) ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu \u201ct\u1ea1 \u01a1n v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/a>. N\u0103m 2007 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Phaol\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u00f2a vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 b\u00e1o cho B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u1edf R\u00f4ma. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi th\u01b0 c\u00e1m \u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd quan t\u00e2m. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edd t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1edfi cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2008. R\u1ed3i n\u0103m 2011, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng trong web c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c [9]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2012 v\u1eabn y nh\u01b0 c\u0169, v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu \u201ct\u1ea1 \u01a1n v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

c)<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/span><\/em><\/strong> c\u0169ng chia l\u00e0m 4 ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 2 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap thu ng\u1eafn b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3: S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd l\u1edbn c\u00f3 2865 s\u1ed1, th\u00ec S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 598 c\u00e2u. S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 17 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, r\u00fat t\u1eeb gia s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa 2000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch phong ph\u00fa, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u2026<\/p>\n

d)<\/em><\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/em><\/strong> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, sinh s\u1ea3n, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0111)<\/em><\/strong> V\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/em>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng Latinh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u0103n nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

e) Nh\u1eefng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ecb so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng y, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u1edf T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh, theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a hay v\u0103n minh \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t chung cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec7n th\u00edch nghi th\u00ec d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o\u00a0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t trong Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n hai S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 Vatican II l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam 17 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u2026 l\u00e0m cho S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i s\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

IV. T\u1ea0I SAO S\u00c1CH GI\u00c1O L\u00dd CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1eba \u201cYOUCAT\u201d \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C COI L\u00c0 S\u00c1CH GI\u00c1O\u00a0 L\u00dd HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I NH\u1ea4T? <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1 T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ebb<\/span>? <\/strong>\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XVI c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba qua H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch v\u00ec s\u1ef1 d\u1eef t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u201cs\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00ec t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c\"\"<\/a> Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft 3000 v\u1ee5 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qua c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u1edbi Tr\u1ebb, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n tin, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, mu\u1ed1n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi so\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 2006 Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y Christoph \u06ecSch\u00f6<\/em>nborn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb. Sau 5 n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2011 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u201cYouCat\u201d (Youth Catechism).<\/p>\n

4.2 T\u1ea1i sao S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t<\/span>? <\/strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd m\u00e0 Youcat l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t (2011), thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e9t theo th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Youcat.<\/p>\n

a) Ai so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o cho ai <\/span>? <\/em><\/strong>C\u1ea3 4 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u do T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9ng ra so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y Sch\u06e0o\u06e0\u06e0nborn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u00a0nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Youcat th\u00ec T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh c\u00f2n m\u1eddi h\u01a1n 60 b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong 5 n\u0103m. So\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ai? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean t\u1eeb 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 40, 45 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u1ebb trung d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 40, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi 70, 80. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 79 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc Youcat v\u1eabn\u00a0 th\u00edch th\u00fa. So\u1ea1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu hay kh\u00f4ng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

b) N\u1ed9i dung<\/span><\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Youcat theo s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1[10]<\/a>, l\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 (217\/527 c\u00e2u ).<\/p>\n

c)<\/em><\/strong> C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/span><\/em><\/strong> theo \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 ba S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu; v\u00e0\"\"<\/a>\u00a0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n: S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 598 c\u00e2u th\u00ec Youcat c\u00f2n 527 c\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ba S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd kia l\u00e0 khi m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t hai trang, th\u00ec Youcat \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa, c\u00f2n hai b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trang ph\u1ea3i hay tr\u00e1i th\u00ec d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Aristote, Gandhi, L\u00e3 B\u1ea5t Vi (T\u00e0u)[11]<\/a>. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i [12]<\/a>, h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u00ecnh m\u1ea7u ch\u1ee5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft. V\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i g\u00f3c m\u1ed7i trang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 khi l\u1eadt nhanh c\u00e1c trang s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i g\u00f3c trang ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Youcat t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda v\u00ec \u1edf th\u1eddi @ hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

d) Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span><\/em><\/strong>, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m H\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2026<\/p>\n

\u0111 V\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span><\/em><\/strong> . Youcat b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch qua ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng h\u01a1n 30 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 T\u00e0u v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c ra ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng \u00dd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 sai ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. Youcat \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u cho c\u1ea3 n\u0103m Ch\u00e2u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0: bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u2026 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi t\u00ednh nh\u01b0: \u201coption exit\u201d (c\u00e2u 407), ho\u1eb7c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 mang thai m\u01b0\u1edbn” (c\u00e2u 423)\u2026<\/p>\n

e) \u00a0Nh\u1eefng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. <\/em><\/strong>Khi so\u1ea1n Youcat c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau \u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Youcat c\u00f3 c\u00e2u 219:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi<\/span>:” Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em>“<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a<\/span>: “H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh bu\u1ed9c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu y\u00eau Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d; <\/em>v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u201cn\u00f3i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i hai t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u00f4m h\u00f4n nhau\u2026<\/em>“<\/p>\n

Khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch Youcat, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: “d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.<\/em>“[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <\/strong>hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Youcat nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Google cho bi\u1ebft Youcat l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

– B\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t, kho\u1ea3ng 1,7 tri\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

– N\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho vi\u1ec7c suy ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

– Cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin do c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– M\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u1eef sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111ang d\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb: T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p hai b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em>\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0m sao. T\u00f4i m\u1edf Youcat xem m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u1edf cu\u1ed1i, t\u00ecm ch\u1eef Tin. M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn l\u00e0 xem c\u00e2u 22. C\u00e2u 22 h\u1ecfi “Tin ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>?” T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c: “Tin l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/em>“. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec2 K\u1ebeT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3: c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n lo d\u1ecbch cho \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d m\u00e0 x\u00e0i, kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng so\u1ea1n; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n so\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u2026Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 Tin M\u1eebng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi mong Tin M\u1eebng th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n T\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 T\u00e1i Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u00fang ta, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n “Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n<\/em>” v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. Sau khi S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1992, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1997 s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. N\u1ed9i dung d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u00fang Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 qui h\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n : Ph\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1; Ph\u1ea7n I: Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt (t\u00edn l\u00fd); Ph\u1ea7n II: Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (lu\u00e2n l\u00fd); Ph\u1ea7n III: Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5); Ph\u1ea7n K\u1ebft: Kinh L\u1ea1y Cha. S\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 30 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 5 m\u1ee5c : d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1edf Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi-th\u01b0a. C\u00f2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, n\u0103m 1992 c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n (Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n), Ph\u00e1p (Giao \u01af\u1edbc), \u0110\u1ee9c (Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3i), B\u1ec9 (Tin C\u1eady M\u1ebfn). T\u00f4i c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p, t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ecm xem c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c n\u00e0o v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qui h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eady. T\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd t\u00f4i so\u1ea1n l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac<\/em>“, \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn Tin M\u1eebng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 la b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. V\u00ec theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ph\u00fac L\u1ed9c Th\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y), v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y T\u00e1m M\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac Th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi sau. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

I. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

II. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

III. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

IV. H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0: hi\u1ebfu, trung, nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, d\u0169ng \u2026 Sau m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Youcat. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo g\u00f3p \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. V\u00e0 n\u0103m 2005 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f4ng khai gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u00e1ch \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac<\/em>\u201d, c\u00f3 Nihil obstat, Imprimatur, v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbp T\u0129nh T\u00e2m Linh M\u1ee5c \u0110o\u00e0n 2013<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Linh m\u1ee5c Ant\u00f4n Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u00e0 H\u01b0u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng Linh m\u1ee5c C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> xem T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n D\u1ea1y Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd s\u1ed1 8, 9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> xem Cv 2, 42<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>\u00a0 Xem T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1 11<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cng\u1ee5y\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a x\u1ea5u; \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 b\u00ean Tin L\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 Kinh hay Ph\u1ee5 Kinh, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh Kinh. Qu\u00e3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IV, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh kinh th\u00ec c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c trong Quy \u0110i\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 kinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ngo\u00e0i Quy \u0110i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> xem T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> xem L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> \u00a0xem SGLHTCG ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t 2012<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a>\u00a0 xem S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u0103m 2012 trang 134<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a>\u00a0 B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1edf Google v\u00e0 g\u00f5 v\u00e0o \u201c L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 trong S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> xem b\/ c\u1ee7a SGLHTCG. Cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u c\u00f3 ghi tham chi\u1ebfu SGLHTCG, v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu: c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 in \u0111\u1eadm trong ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a SGLHTCG, s\u1ed1 in nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Youcat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> V\u1ec1 3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong Youcat 2011: Aristote, xem c\u00e2u\u00a0326\u00a0v\u00e0 327; Gandhi, xem c\u00e2u 332; L\u00e3 B\u1ea5t Vi, xem c\u00e2u 370 (trong ghi ch\u00fa cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0 L\u00e3 B\u1ea5t Vi (300-236 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed (581-479 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean). C\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u1ec1 gia tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ?<\/strong> , c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a> S\u00e1ch To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 17 h\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a> xem l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0GI\u00c1O L\u00dd CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI TR\u1eba \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 YOUCAT<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2195,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[140,30,139,8],"tags":[56,47],"class_list":["post-2194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuu-sinh-vien-xb","category-giao-ly","category-lm-nguyen-manh-dong","category-the-gioi","tag-benedicto-xvi","tag-gioi-tre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2194"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2210,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2194\/revisions\/2210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}