{"id":25355,"date":"2023-06-14T16:08:38","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T09:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=25355"},"modified":"2023-06-14T20:05:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T13:05:07","slug":"hoi-thua-sai-hai-ngoai-paris-la-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/hoi-thua-sai-hai-ngoai-paris-la-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed8I TH\u1eeaA SAI H\u1ea2I NGO\u1ea0I PARIS L\u00c0 AI ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 350 n\u0103m b\u1edfi hai Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Ng\u00e0y nay, H\u1ed9i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

MEP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp khi n\u00e0o ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

MEP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1658 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pierre Lambert de La Motte, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u MEP ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng \u00ab Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u00bb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1622.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a MEP c\u00f3 quy ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (*). M\u1ed7i linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00bb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00ab \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00bb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ra \u0111i ad extra<\/em>, ad vitam<\/em> v\u00e0 ad gentes<\/em> (\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu) theo \u00abMonita ad Missionarios<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba sai \u00bb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1664 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pierre Lambert de la Motte.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau Xi\u00eam, \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, Campuchia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MEP thay th\u1ebf D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1776. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1831, T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh giao ph\u00f3 cho MEP  Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1838, M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u , v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1841, Malaysia, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1846, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Assam, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1855 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn m\u1edbi Hoa Li\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Campuchia, L\u00e0o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Madagascar, \u0110\u1ea3o Maurice, Indonesia. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

10 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

1658<\/strong> : g\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, Lambert de La Motte v\u00e0 Cotolendi, nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/p>\n

1664<\/strong> : Cha Louis Chevreuil l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a MEP \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

1665<\/strong> : th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ayutthaya (ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan), ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

1760 <\/strong>: 100 n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp MEP, 92 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

1921<\/strong> : \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n chung \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Paris v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 MEP, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t nguy\u1ec7t san. B\u1ea7u B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Jean Budes de Gu\u00e9briant.<\/p>\n

1925<\/strong> : \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XI phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho 79 v\u1ecb t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean : \u0110\u1ee9c cha Laurent Imbert v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha Pierre Maubant v\u00e0 Jacques Chastan.<\/p>\n

1960<\/strong> : T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1860, MEP \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi 3259 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

1966<\/strong> : \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho 24 v\u1ecb t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

1980<\/strong> : t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Madagascar, \u0110\u1ea3o Maurice v\u00e0 R\u00e9union th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

1984 <\/strong>: trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 phong th\u00e1nh cho 103 v\u1ecb t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh<\/p>\n

(theo Genevi\u00e8ve Pasquier, nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o La Croix<\/a>)<\/p>\n

——————————————<\/p>\n

(*) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i  Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch do cha Olier s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, H\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft do \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y B\u00e9rulle s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u00e0y… \u0111\u1ec1u  gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c trong H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c coi linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (ctcnd).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 350 n\u0103m b\u1edfi hai Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24964,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,46,48,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-gioi","category-truyen-giao","category-ty-linh","category-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25355"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25357,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25355\/revisions\/25357"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}