{"id":26940,"date":"2023-10-24T13:44:08","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T06:44:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=26940"},"modified":"2023-10-24T17:04:57","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T10:04:57","slug":"vai-net-ve-duc-ai-muc-tu-trong-cuoc-doi-duc-cha-francois-pallu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/vai-net-ve-duc-ai-muc-tu-trong-cuoc-doi-duc-cha-francois-pallu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00c0I N\u00c9T V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ee8C \u00c1I M\u1ee4C T\u1eec TRONG CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI \u0110\u1ee8C CHA FRAN\u00c7OIS PALLU"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 58 n\u0103m hai th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9[1]<\/a>. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c do \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng[2]<\/a>. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi hay g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong c\u00e2u v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00ed <\/em>t\u1ea1i Ispahan, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1662, m\u00e0 Louis Baudiment \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a>. Ch\u00ednh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n dung to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xin d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao, \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a V\u1ecb M\u1ee5c T\u1eed, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

1. Ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u01a1i con tim m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Bagot x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng m\u00e0 cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t[4]<\/a>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp sao cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, qua nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau.   <\/p>\n

D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1650-1652, khi tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh, cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u1edf v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y[5]<\/a>. Ch\u00ednh cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm ba linh m\u1ee5c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Bagot m\u1eddi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb do cha h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i Paris, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201c\u00d4i, th\u01b0a cha, con v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ed3i<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a>. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha Pallu, Montigny-Laval, v\u00e0 Piques[7]<\/a>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Bagot ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi, cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 thay m\u1eb7t nh\u00f3m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang con ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u2026 Cha h\u00e3y ra l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang con s\u1ebd v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang con ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cha<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea1t nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ebb khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc che \u0111\u1eady \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh h\u00e0o quang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby v\u00e0 m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ec9[9]<\/a>. Cha Pallu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng danh d\u1ef1 cao qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o xa x\u00f4i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nguy hi\u1ec3m[10]<\/a>. V\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, cha Pallu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi n\u1eef c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc d\u2019Aiguillon r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u201clu\u00f4n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh non tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/a>. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9 Marie de Saint-Bernard, n\u1eef tu D\u00f2ng C\u00e1t Minh t\u1ea1i Paris, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 cha Pallu khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cha r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 em c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng hi v\u1ecdng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd b\u1ed9n b\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u00ec H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u2026<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cha Pallu v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho l\u00e0 vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0o n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 17, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u1ea3 cha Montigny-Laval v\u00e0 Piques \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c[13]<\/a>, trong khi cha Pallu v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa trao ph\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i long tr\u1ecdng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a[14]<\/a>. B\u1ecb m\u1eb9 Marie de Saint-Bernard ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, cha Pallu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 trong tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd m\u1eb9 mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Ch\u00faa ban; trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf theo ki\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gian, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em>\u201d[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m ki\u00ean tr\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tr\u00e1i tim ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n d\u1ec5 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u xa tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi xa x\u00f4i[16]<\/a>. Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng[17]<\/a>. N\u0103m 1657, cha Pallu c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i R\u00f4ma. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa cha Pallu v\u00e0 cha Lambert de la Motte t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18-11-1657, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m hai v\u1ecb l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29-7-1658. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 16-8, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u00ed Ch\u00e2u, H\u1ed3 Qu\u1ea3ng, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o; \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert de l\u00e0 Motte \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba sai H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris, quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba sai Bal\u00ea, trong \u0111\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t[19]<\/a>.        <\/p>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c<\/em><\/p>\n

Sau bi\u1ebft bao tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd c\u00f2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gian nan v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. Sau l\u1ec5 t\u1ea5n phong Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17-11-1658, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh t\u1edbi ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Paris, \u0110\u1ee9c cha \u0111i qua v\u00f9ng Provence \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cha Ignace Cotolendi, linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Aix, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a th\u1ee9 ba. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1658, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1659, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i sang mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng[21]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mong mu\u1ed1n[22]<\/a>. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai cho v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 16-12-1660, \u0110\u1ee9c cha cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m \u201cth\u1ee3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i g\u1ed3m 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi[23]<\/a>. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1670, trong chuy\u1ebfn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eeba sai[24]<\/a>. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu c\u0169ng t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ee9c cha \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi th\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn vua Louis XIV \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e0i xin nh\u00e0 vua d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 vua c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p[25]<\/a>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu c\u0169ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y sang Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3n Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb<\/em>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ispahan ng\u00e0y 10-9-1662. Ngay \u1edf m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i\u2026<\/em>[27]<\/a> Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m th\u01b0 t\u00edn trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ta b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/em>\u201d[28]<\/a>. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111em \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd lo cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a. V\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ph\u00f3 cho ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i hi sinh v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, lo s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tr\u00f9 t\u00ednh m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1m hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. <\/p>\n

2. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ra, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh chu to\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngay sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2-6-1660, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert de la Motte l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1ea7u \u1edf Marseille v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27-11-1660[30]<\/a>. V\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a th\u1ee9 ba, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Ignace Cotolendi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y 7-11-1660, c\u0169ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7u \u1edf Marseille ng\u00e0y 3-9-1661[31]<\/a>. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, Louis Baudiment vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u00e0i x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng khi c\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert de la Motte v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Cotolendi ra \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i, trong khi ng\u00e0i \u1edf ph\u00eda sau ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111ang kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh<\/em>\u201d[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sau hai v\u1ecb kia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh<\/em>\u201d \u201c\u1edf ph\u00eda sau<\/em>\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t con t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 lo \u0111\u00f3ng con t\u1ea7u Saint-Louis v\u00ec B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khuy\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3\u0111\u00e0onha. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 8-1659 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 10-9-1660. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 H\u00e0lan \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, con t\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ee1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19-12-1660 khi ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ra kh\u01a1i[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh k\u0129 c\u00e0ng, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Descartes v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Baudiment thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111i Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1661 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1664, khi \u0110\u1ee9c cha d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf Erz\u00e9roum: \u201cCh\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ed5 tay h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 n\u00ean khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau ng\u00e0i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn hay kh\u00f4ng? Theo th\u00f3i quen, ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3y l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9: \u00edt \u0111i qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u00edt  tr\u1ea1m h\u1ea3i quan, \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u1edf Erz\u00e9roum, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d[34]<\/a>.  <\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu. Baudiment cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u201cT\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: ng\u00e0i chia ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n l\u1ec1u, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebfp n\u00fac; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m<\/em>\u201d[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1eeba sai b\u1ecb x\u00e9 n\u00e1t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1ea7n g\u0169i tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y gian nan v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a cha Brunel, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0i nh\u1edd n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Acm\u00eani v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5nh\u0129k\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 si\u00eau tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i chinh ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft bao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1ebfp, d\u1ecdn b\u00e0n \u0103n, r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n d\u0129a, thu gom c\u1ee7i; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o <\/em>Nh\u1eadt k\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u00edn; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1eafng c\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng l\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a, d\u1ef1ng l\u1ec1u; ban \u0111\u00eam, ng\u00e0i canh g\u00e1c theo phi\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a; ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quanh ng\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau: \u2018Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u2019. Khi ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi xa c\u00e1c b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9<\/em>\u201d[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ra phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba th\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i: \u201cAnh em bi\u1ebft: th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u00e1c d\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00f9ng uy m\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n d\u00e2n. Gi\u1eefa anh em th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: Ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa anh em, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 anh em. V\u00e0 ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u anh em th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb anh em<\/em>\u201d (Mt 20,25-27). \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh t\u0129nh gi\u1eefa nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phong th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, thanh th\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda hay m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u sau \u0111o\u1ea3n s\u1eafc b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, kho\u1ea3ng 10 gi\u1edd 30 s\u00e1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111ang d\u00e2ng th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Saint-Florentins. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed3ng phong n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. S\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ba b\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1edf ngay sau l\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c cha b\u1ecb s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. L\u1eeda ch\u00e1y kh\u1eafp xung quanh ng\u00e0i. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c cha thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u00ec mu\u1ed1n an \u1ee7i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 r\u1ee5t r\u00e8; t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a hai tay ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1ch th\u01b0 th\u1ea3. V\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i in r\u1eb1ng ma qu\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u0103m d\u1ecda t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb3n n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d[37]<\/a>.     <\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m nguy, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111em Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea7u Saint-Louis. Con t\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh can tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Louis Baudiment cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Cotolendi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: \u201cTrong khi \u0110\u1ee9c cha H\u00eali\u00f4p\u00f4l\u00edt (v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra thanh th\u1ea3n h\u01a1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ta nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t n\u01a1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 duy Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu), v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a t\u1edbi\u2026<\/em>\u201d[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n y\u00eau v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1674. Trong chuy\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y 14-10, con t\u1ea7u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1n b\u00e3o d\u1eef d\u1ed9i t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u01a1 may tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cNh\u1edd \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh an, y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n khi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng\u2026, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb theo tinh th\u1ea7n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00f9 t\u00ednh x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong phong c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh trong tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m nguy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t son kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c cha, b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thu n\u1ea1p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u00ednh m\u00fac n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu. Nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c cha b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, con tim m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a V\u1ecb M\u1ee5c T\u1eed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.  <\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a \u1ea5u th\u01a1, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Pallu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u00f4n h\u00f2a, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c[40]<\/a>. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu sau n\u00e0y. Khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c, cha Pallu s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m th\u00e2n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cPh\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m: d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n, nghe s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong b\u1eefa \u0103n, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef, Th\u00e1nh Giuse, c\u00e1c Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n, kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/em>\u201d[41]<\/a>.  <\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau khi ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y gi\u1eefa L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa L\u00ean Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 1651, cha Pallu ch\u1ecdn khung c\u1ea3nh t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh t\u1ea1i Tours \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0129nh t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u00e9t \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cha: \u201cNg\u00e0i d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u2018hai gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafm bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng v\u1eady; ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu. Cha h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch g\u00ec th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft bao\u2019<\/em>\u201d[42]<\/a>.  <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng mang t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng hay ch\u1ec9 tho\u1ea3ng qua trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cha Pallu. \u1ede m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Baudiment \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1eeb Madraspatam cho \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert de la Motte v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1665: \u201cCon kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec khi d\u00e0nh hai gi\u1edd bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m<\/em>\u201d[43]<\/a>. C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba gi\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafm m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d[44]<\/a>. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, l\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan g\u1eafn b\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn <\/em>    <\/p>\n

N\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c cha lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ee9c cha t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd Ch\u00faa trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o s\u0129. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00ec t\u0129nh t\u00e2m ngay v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u sau khi ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c[45]<\/a>, cha Pallu \u0111\u00e3 t\u0129nh t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i La Fl\u00e8che d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eddi linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh[46]<\/a>. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, sau l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa L\u00ean Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1651, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u0129nh t\u00e2m m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n C\u00e1t Minh t\u1ea1i Tours v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft g\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Sang n\u0103m 1652, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i \u1edf v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Bagot kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, cha Pallu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i t\u0129nh t\u00e2m m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd Ch\u00faa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Bagot kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, cha Pallu v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y[47]<\/a>.    <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c cha v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a cha Bagot tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9. Trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cha Bagot v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26-12-1663, ng\u00e0i cho cha Bagot bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u1eeb Masulipatan \u0111\u1ebfn Siam, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0129nh t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 cha Brindeau \u201cv\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00ed do \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a cha \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c cha \u1ea5y l\u00e0m, do v\u1eady m\u00e0 cha \u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con m\u00e0 cha \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Con tin r\u1eb1ng khi con t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a cha \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb th\u01a1, khi con th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng d\u1ed1c quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con, con s\u1ebd thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean con, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u con c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>\u201d[48]<\/a>.  <\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 con tim c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 con tim m\u1ee5c t\u1eed trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ch\u0103n trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c t\u1eed. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbp trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eed n\u00eau ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1655, trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, cha Pallu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i Tours c\u00f3 t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 9000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin. Gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a cha Pallu l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNg\u00e0i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1c quy\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Saturnin \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4.000 livres. Ng\u00e0i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n<\/em>\u201d[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbp th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sang Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, khi ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf Masulipatam \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111i Tenasserim, d\u00f9 sau m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 Capuxin\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn Madras \u201cv\u00e0 trong 15 ng\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i ban b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00eam s\u1ee9c cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d[50]<\/a>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00e9liapour v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ban ph\u00e9p th\u00eam s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Masulipatam, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ban ph\u00e9p th\u00eam s\u1ee9c cho kho\u1ea3ng 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, trong chuy\u1ebfn b\u1ecb \u00e1p gi\u1ea3i \u0111i T\u00e2ybannha, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8-1676, khi d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf La Havana, Baudiment thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng: c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u00ednh canh \u0111i k\u00e8m, ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 con t\u00e0u n\u01a1i c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xin n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a La Havana, n\u00ean ban \u01a1n x\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecd r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i \u0111\u00f3 ra v\u1ec1<\/em>\u201d[51]<\/a>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu d\u00e0nh cho kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00f9 binh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sau c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i M\u00f9a Chay n\u0103m 1684, khi \u0111ang \u1edf Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c cha l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2u, ng\u00e0i \u0111i M\u1ee5c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc cho cha Charles Maigrot vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ban b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00eam s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00fac An. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9, ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi cha Maigrot \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00e1m l\u00e1 th\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng[52]<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ra \u0111i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, ng\u00e0y 24-10, ng\u00e0i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c hao m\u00f2n ti\u1ec1u t\u1ee5y. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25-10, c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111au xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 29-10-1684, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng lo toan v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1ee7y th\u00e1c[53]<\/a>.       <\/p>\n

Khi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, F\u00e9nelon \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng con tim c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d[54]<\/a>. Con tim m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pallu l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cti\u00eau hao ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh non tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i<\/em>\u201d[55]<\/a>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft bao v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Con tim c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi con tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh V\u1ecb M\u1ee5c T\u1eed. Con tim \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

 Hu\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai, 21-9-2022<\/em><\/p>\n

Vinhs\u01a1n Tr\u1ea7n Minh Th\u1ef1c, <\/em>PSS<\/p>\n

——————————————————————<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu (1626-1684). <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba sai h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i Paris, (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 2022), 627-634.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 437.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 523. \u1ede \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00edch theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef theo b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 44.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> X. Launay, A., Histoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions-\u00c9trang\u00e8res.<\/em> I. (Paris 1894), 10; Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 42-43.  <\/em><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 43.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 47; Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 15 ghi t\u00ean ba v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Pallu, Laval, v\u00e0 Pique. Neue Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Missionswissenschaft \/ Nouvelle Revue de Science Missionnaire 1948, 38-43 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Latinh bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu <\/em>l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 b\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 44.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> X. Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 24; Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 56.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> X. Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 14.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 65.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Baudiment, L. (\u00e9d.), Un m\u00e9moire anonyme sur Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, <\/em>(Tours 1934), 54; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 69.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> X. Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 22; Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 53.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 50.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Baudiment, L. (\u00e9d.), Un m\u00e9moire<\/em>, 33-34; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 62.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> X. Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 25; Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 64-65.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> X. Launay, A., s\u0111d<\/em>, 26.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 73-74.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> X. Launay, A., M\u00e9morial de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions-\u00c9trang\u00e8res 1658-1913, <\/em>(Paris 1916), 484.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 91.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> X. Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres de Monseigneur Pallu \u00e9crites de 1654 \u00e0 1684<\/em>, (Paris 2008), 405.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 111.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> X. Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres<\/em>, 407-411.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 305.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 122-123.133-134.272-275.290.335.348.380-383.487.494-495.506.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 47.119-120.298.305-306.348.428.434.486.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres<\/em>, 34; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 181-182.159.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 151.159-160.205-206.351.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> X. Launay, A., M\u00e9morial<\/em>, 351.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> X. Launay, A., M\u00e9morial<\/em>, 154.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 534.<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 119-127.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 158-159.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 155.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 158.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres<\/em>, 719-720; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 79-80.<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 128. H\u00eali\u00f4p\u00f4l\u00edt l\u00e0 t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u t\u00f2a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 405.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 29.31.<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 40.<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 33-34.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres<\/em>, 65; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 548.<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 239.<\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> Theo Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 32, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24-9-1650.<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 32-33.<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 43-44.<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> Launay, A. (\u00e9d.), Lettres<\/em>, 425; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 202.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> Baudiment, L. (\u00e9d.), Un m\u00e9moire<\/em>, 24-25; x. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 55.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 206.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 426.<\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 607.<\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 618-621.<\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> Baudiment, L., Fran\u00e7ois Pallu<\/em>, 517. Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNous l\u2019avons vu qui venait de mesurer la terre enti\u00e8re. Mais son coeur plus grand que le monde \u00e9tait encore dans ces contr\u00e9es si \u00e9loign\u00e9es\u201d.<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> X. Baudiment, L., s\u0111d<\/em>, 65.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois Pallu ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 58 n\u0103m hai th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt l\u00e0 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,25,33,46,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linh-muc","category-on-goi","category-tam-linh","category-truyen-giao","category-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26940"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26947,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26940\/revisions\/26947"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}