{"id":2875,"date":"2013-07-11T17:35:57","date_gmt":"2013-07-11T10:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=2875"},"modified":"2013-07-11T17:36:39","modified_gmt":"2013-07-11T10:36:39","slug":"tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-3\/","title":{"rendered":"TIN, \u0110\u1ed8NG T\u00c1C PH\u00c1T T\u1eea CON TIM (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Tin, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 con tim:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n I <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(ti\u1ebfp theo)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Tin, <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 con tim<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i xin k\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua, l\u00fac m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eebng l\u1eadp ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u00e1n th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc cho th\u00edch-h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 ti\u00eau-chu\u1ea9n \u0111i v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc coi ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn-th\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i coi ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 t\u00edn-th\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb y nh\u01b0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c-kh\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t th\u1eadt \u1edf Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i ra v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n. Nay, ta \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh-\u0111i\u1ec3n khi x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Roger Aubert, Louvain, 1914-2009, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch do \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cLe probl\u00e8me de l\u2019acte de foi <\/span><\/em>(1945-1950).<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Y Avery Dulles sj, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: The Assurance of Things Hoped for<\/span><\/em>: a Theology of Christian Faith<\/span><\/em>, New York, Oxford University Press, 1997)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ta, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o uy-quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, coi nh\u01b0 sinh-ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch-\u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00fap ta kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ni\u1ec1m tin. V\u1ec1 sau, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu-m\u00e3\/bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. M\u1eabu m\u00e3, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n-th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00ed-d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5-th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00f3i chung. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u1eabn t\u00edch-c\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u00fd-th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, ta c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i. B\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1n-\u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7, d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3-tri cho \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ta. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n-kh\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ta tin r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed9t khi ai \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh-\u0111\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c coi nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00e2u-thu\u1eabn, t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. L\u1ed1i ph\u00e1n-\u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3-t\u00edn n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc-\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c-su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ta tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u0169ng n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng La-tinh t\u1eebng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00eam tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201cPius credulitatis affectus\u201d<\/em> m\u00e0 qua ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh-ng\u1eef n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Orange II \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, n\u0103m 529. Th\u00e0nh-ng\u1eef \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u1edf \u00fd-ch\u00ed (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed); v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 mang \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac do b\u1edfi t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng \u201cpius<\/em>\u201d ti\u1ebfng La-tinh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1t s\u1eafng\u201d. Xem nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfng \u201cpietas<\/em>\u201d b\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ed5-\u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i hi\u1ebfu-\u0111\u1ec5 v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9; v\u00e0, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ed1t s\u1eafng<\/em>\u201d di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u00fd-tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p-l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00fd-ch\u00ed l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u201cmai r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Xin m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u, r\u1eb1ng: b\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tinh, ch\u1eef \u201ccredulitas<\/em>\u201d l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ea3 tin<\/em>\u201d (credulity<\/em>, t\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u-nghi\u00ean\u201d sao cho th\u00edch-h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n \u0111oan ch\u1eafc sao cho tho\u1ea3-\u0111\u00e1ng. Th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201ckh\u1ea3 t\u00edn<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00dd-ch\u00ed (v\u1ed1n theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng-th\u00e1i s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng) m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn l\u00fd-tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n-th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00fac-b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1eaft ta ph\u1ea3i tin, qua \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u00e2n-hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa ban. V\u00e0, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1edbi Kit\u00f4-h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng-gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n-nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa m\u1eb7c-kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 kinh Tin K\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo s\u1eed-li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t\u201d r\u00fat t\u1eeb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3ng rao Tin M\u1eebng Ch\u00faa ban b\u1ed1 n\u01a1i T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa \u00fd khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1eafc-th\u00e1i mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac, n\u1eefa. Th\u1eadt ra, th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1edbt th\u1eafng\/v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i khi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u-nghi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m tin theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 d\u1ecbp, ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh ho\u00e0-quy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a hai chi\u1ec1u-k\u00edch n\u00e0y, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n-b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 hai nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng-thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u00fd-tr\u00ed ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh-h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn do \u00fd-ch\u00ed th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o: \u00fd-ch\u00ed ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham-gia b\u00e0n-lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu-t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac \u1edf ni\u1ec1m tin, t\u1eebng do b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c-gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, tr\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0: Loisy, Blondel, von Hugel t\u1eebng m\u1edf ra cho khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng-nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i v\u00e0 chung quanh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d, c\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1ng x\u00e2y ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngay ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, ch\u00ed \u00edt l\u00e0 th\u00e1i-\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u00e0y n\u01a1i T\u00f4ng th\u01b0 mang t\u00ean Pascendi<\/em> v\u00e0 Lamentabili<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00eda-c\u1ea1nh l\u00fd-tr\u00ed n\u01a1i ni\u1ec1m tin. C\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh-\u0111i\u1ec3n T\u00e2n-T\u00f4ma ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch-nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c: ch\u00fa-tr\u1ecdng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda-c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i dung mang t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin; do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda-c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m-nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: kinh-nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp-c\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch-b\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch-bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn. B\u1ed9 Ba qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa (xem 1 Cor 13) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ecdng tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o t\u1ecf ra c\u00e0ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng \u0111em l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn (v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng) v\u00e0o v\u1edbi kinh-nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5, c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp-trung nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec1m tin, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa Ni\u1ec1m Tin, Hy V\u1ecdng v\u00e0 L\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0: chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin theo h\u00ecnh \u201cB\u1ed9 Ba Qu\u00fd Gi\u00e1\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Newman l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb l\u00ean 15 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1816 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tay ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft l\u00e0: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tin ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t chung quanh \u00f4ng. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u00f4ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m-nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em>\u201d, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebf kia. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng-hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c: c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t \u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u201d. (S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i ch\u1eef \u201cC\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ec7 Ph\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y). N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft bao khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u00ed-nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Newman l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac n\u01a1i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng-\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00f4i. N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00f4-g\u00edch l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 b\u1edfi: n\u00f3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi qui \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u00f4-g\u00edch, h\u1eefu l\u00fd. N\u00f3 mang trong m\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng). N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: c\u1ea3i t\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, chinh ph\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c bi k\u1ecbch… g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef hay m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng tin nhau. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Cha v\u00e0 Con theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t, b\u1edfi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i t\u00ednh sau.<\/p>\n

\u00a0H\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Jacques v\u00e0 Raissa Maritain l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 Garrigou-Lagrange n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ta gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m x\u1ea3y ra C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch th\u00fa th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac n\u01a1i \u00fd-ch\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Lm Benoit Duroux, op l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n La psychologie de la foi chez saint Thoma d\u2019 Aquin, <\/span>\u00a0Tournai, Descless, 1963. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong t\u1eadp san nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd mang t\u00ean Studia Moralia <\/span>c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1: Religious Awe: an existential dimension of divine faith<\/em>, 1967 tr. 175-189.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc-th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n-v\u1ecbi h\u1ed7-t\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 —————\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

Lm Kevin O\u2019Shea, CSsR<\/em><\/p>\n

Mai T\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I \u00a0Tin, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 con tim:<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,33],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-2875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mai-ta","category-tam-linh","tag-nam-duc-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2875"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2877,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2875\/revisions\/2877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}