{"id":29119,"date":"2024-03-26T10:05:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T03:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=29119"},"modified":"2024-03-27T07:18:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T00:18:43","slug":"hon-nhan-mot-on-goi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/hon-nhan-mot-on-goi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00d4N NH\u00c2N, M\u1ed8T \u01a0N G\u1eccI ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d kh\u00f4ng? Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201ck\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u201d kh\u00f4ng? Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Christifideles laici<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phong ph\u00fa ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n [1].<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et Spes<\/em> c\u1ee7a Vatican II, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e2u xa\u201d (s\u1ed1 48) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng gi\u00fap cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n (…) [2].\u201d D\u00f9 sao, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d l\u00e0m v\u1ecb ng\u1eef g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u201d ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i [3]. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n? M\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u2013 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ri\u00eang – ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o , m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ra trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng, trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t<\/em> trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

I – M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ed1n n\u00e9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. 1) Theo ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd t\u1eeb xa h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd; l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n<\/em> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd. 2) \u201c\u01a0n g\u1ecdi\u201d h\u00e0m \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang<\/em> kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung. 3) Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ph\u00f3. 4) Vi\u1ec7c giao ph\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/em> \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, kinh nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho cam k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau – n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c – th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra, theo t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang h\u1ecd, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef: m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi [4]. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ph\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.  C\u0169ng th\u1ebf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi th\u1eed th\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c t\u00edn ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, v\u1ed1n g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 do\u201d v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c [5]. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, theo s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111ang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em>, th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng<\/em>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cd\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bkh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u th\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eeb h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf n\u00ean xa l\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n: ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1edf n\u00ean xa l\u1ea1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chung th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

II – Khi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 (conformisme). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y sang t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u00eda ho\u00e3n n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i (40% con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p), ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, cam k\u1ebft chung th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1eaft \u0111a s\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Danneels, khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed9c phong tr\u00e0o Equipes<\/em> Notre-Dame<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0i n\u00eau l\u00ean, sau \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111an vi\u1ec7n, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, hay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, v\u1ed1n mang d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t – ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm – c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u201ctrong Ch\u00faa\u201d, theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 [6].<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u1ed1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u00e0 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay cho ph\u00e9p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 b\u00ed t\u00edch. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 19 c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng theo th\u00e1nh Matth\u00eau, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pharis\u00eau: \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u1eaby v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ly d\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00f4is\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay n\u1eefa, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u 9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u ch\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, sau l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 khai m\u1edf – b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Tin M\u1eebng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, gi\u1eefa h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi\u201d [ 8 ]. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi l\u00fd do \u201cAi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u\u201d, v\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 khi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi (c\u00e2u 11) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (c\u00e2u 12). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0, trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

III \u2013 S\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i – ngay c\u1ea3 khi theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi<\/em> Diogn\u00e8te<\/em> g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea3 theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c [9].<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 h\u00e3y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cnh\u01b0\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00e3y n\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai, trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn\u201d (Rm 8, 33; 2Tm 2,10; Tt 1,1 v.v.), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u201d (Rm 8, 28.30; 1Cr 1, 24; Cl 3,15; Gl 1, 6; v.v.), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/em> l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i cho \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, trong b\u1eadc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n t\u1eadp trung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng [10].<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, m\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o linh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, b\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau b\u1eadt b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Tin M\u1eebng M\u00e1tth\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u00caph\u00eas\u00f4<\/em> 5, 1-32 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y [11]. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u m\u1edbi khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i l\u1ed1i \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

IV \u2013 M\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nghi l\u1ec5 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cx\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd [ 12 ] . Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch. D\u00f9 sao v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i do s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ma thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u1eef b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cam k\u1ebft hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o l\u00fac h\u1ecd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau – t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn: h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nhau trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nhau, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00f3. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho t\u00f4i, trong khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c giao ph\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u00f4i, d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111ang chu to\u00e0n gi\u1edbi r\u0103n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, khi y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e9o m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00f4g\u00edc n\u00e2ng n\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> (\u201cH\u00e3y y\u00eau nhau nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c con\u201d), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac [13]. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i bi\u1ec7n minh cho h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh s\u1ea3n. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi r\u0103n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau bao la, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nao n\u00fang, chung th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng phong nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u00caph\u00eas\u00f4<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (\u00cap 5, 21- 33). V\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0o, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n m\u00e3i, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a con tim m\u1edbi theo \u00cad\u00eakien v\u00e0 Gi\u00ear\u00eamia, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eed th\u1ea7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i ti\u00ean phong trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng th\u00eam, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Nh\u01b0ng khi y\u00eau nhau b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu h\u00f3a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu bi\u1ebft, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5<\/em> (officium)<\/em> [14], c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Louis Beirnaert, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1977 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Etudes<\/em> cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2000 [15]. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n”, “th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng”, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i “nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft”, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng say m\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n”. Khi y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. M\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n say m\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 L.Beirnaert n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef\u201d,  \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u1ebft \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y”.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong khi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn g\u1eafn b\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang xa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau mong manh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng” theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Beirnaert m\u1edf ra, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chung th\u1ee7y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng chung th\u1ee7y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay mong mu\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t n\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd – \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – b\u1edfi v\u00ec, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c [16]. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u01a1i t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cha, l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng v\u1eady: con c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 (n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0m v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m). Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau: trong \u0111\u00f3 – n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng – cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111i. N\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hoang mang: ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong Famamiris Consortio<\/em> r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 (\u2026) l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 [17]\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a L. Beirnaert c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa d\u00e0i khai tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 “s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng say m\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh [18].<\/p>\n

T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nhau, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec \u0111ang v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u1edbn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi, n\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, t\u1eeb khi m\u00e0, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i say m\u00ea b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Tha m\u00e0 n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

——————————————<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch :<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 – “C\u00e1c anh c\u0169ng h\u00e3y \u0111i<\/em>. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u0103n, linh m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi”, Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Christifideles laici<\/em>, \u00a7 2, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Editions Mediaspaul, 1988, tr. 4.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay<\/em>, ph\u1ea7n 2, ch. 1, \u00a7 49, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Centurion Ed., tr.277. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d trong c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

3- Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em> s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh: \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng); \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5, Abraham, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria), \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Israel, c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n – \u01a1n g\u1ecdi: \u00a71603, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng: \u201c\u01a0n g\u1ecdi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a\u201d, \u00a71656, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Lumen Gentium<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i: \u201cCh\u00ednh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9, \u2018b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng (. ..) cho con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang.\u201d<\/p>\n

4 – Xem c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang E. Schillebeeckx, Le Mariage, r\u00e9alit\u00e9 terrestre et myst\u00e8re de salut<\/em>,<\/em> Cogitatio Fidei, Cerf, 1966 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trang 35 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

5 – Xem Louis Roussel, La Famille incertaine<\/em>, Odile Jacob, collection Points, 1989, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 : “Du sentiment amoureux” ; Jean-G. Lemaire, Le Couple : sa vie, sa mort, la structuration du couple humain<\/em>, Payot, 1979.<\/p>\n

6 \u2013 H\u1ed3ng y Danneels, Journ\u00e9es des Responsables des Equipes Notre-Dame<\/em>, Bruxelles, 11-12\/10\/1986.<\/p>\n

7 – V\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xem Jean Gaudemet, Le mariage en Occident<\/em>, Paris, Cerf, 1987; G\u00e9rard Mathon, Le mariage des chr\u00e9tiens<\/em>, 2 t\u1eadp, Biblioth\u00e8que du Christianisme, Paris, Descl\u00e9e, 1993, 1995.<\/p>\n

8 – \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, xem J. Dupont, Mariage et divorce dans l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, Bruges, 1959, E. Schillebeeckx, op. cit. tr.130tt.<\/p>\n

9 – “H\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 con, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u1edbi sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed3i chung b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 chung gi\u01b0\u1eddng”, A Diogn\u00e8te, Sources Chr\u00e9tiennes<\/em> 33 bis, V , 6-7.<\/p>\n

10 – R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u00f4rint\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n \u201cv\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn k\u00e9m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn che \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u00cap 5, 32.<\/p>\n

11 – L\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n theo nghi th\u1ee9c Byzantine, tham chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u00edt hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 R\u00f4ma n\u0103m 1570. Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 h\u00e3y t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ed3ng\u201d (c\u00e2u 22), l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: \u201cV\u00ec l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, anh em h\u00e3y t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c l\u1eabn nhau\u201d? V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00cap 5, 21-33 trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, xem Herman Schmidt, \u201cRituel et sacramentalit\u00e9 du mariage chr\u00e9tien\u201d, Questions liturgiques<\/em>, 1-2, 1975, tr. 3-39.<\/p>\n

12 \u2013 Xem, sau khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch Nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng linh m\u1ee5c: \u201cXin Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu chu\u1ea9n y s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c con v\u1eeba t\u1ecf b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 xin h\u00faa tu\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed5 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con.” Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Gaudium et Spes<\/em> n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (\u00a749). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch Nghi th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, xem Adrien Nocent, ” Le rituel du mariage depuis Vatican II “, trong La celebrazione cristiana del matrimonio<\/em>, Simboli e Testi<\/em>, Analecta Liturgica 11, Rome, 1986, tr. 129-144.<\/p>\n

13 – V\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xem Famamiris Consortio<\/em>, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang s\u1ed1 13.<\/p>\n

14 \u2013 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, 50, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m [munus<\/em>] sinh s\u1ea3n). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u00f3 (x. Gaudium et Spes<\/em> 50, \u00a73).<\/p>\n

15 – Louis Beirnaert, \u201cL\u2019indissolubilit\u00e9 du couple, R\u00e9flexions sur sa garantie et son fondement\u201d, Etudes<\/em>, Th\u00e1ng 7-Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1977, tr. 7-17, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2000, tr. 695-704. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Aux fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019acte analytic<\/em>, Editions du Seuil, 1973.<\/p>\n

16 \u2013 Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em> n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, xem E. L\u00e9vinas, Le Temps et l\u2019autre<\/em>, Paris Quadrige\/PUF, 1983.<\/p>\n

17 – Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Famamiris Consortio<\/em>, Les t\u00e2ches de la famille chr\u00e9tienne<\/em>, th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1981, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Editions T\u00e9qui, ph\u1ea7n 2, \u00a7 13.<\/p>\n

18 – \u201cV\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u, m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Danh Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 (…) Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i. ” B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn,  Etudes<\/em>,<\/em> th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2000, trang 704.<\/p>\n

———————————————————<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/strong> : Anne-Marie Pelletier<\/em><\/p>\n

gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/em><\/p>\n

——————————————————————<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fd Linh chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/p>\n

(ngu\u1ed3n : PELLETIER Anne-Marie, \u00ab Le mariage, une vocation ? \u00bb, trong Pr\u00eatres dioc\u00e9sains, Th\u00e9ologie de la vocation<\/em>. Actes de la session 2001 de la Facult\u00e9 de th\u00e9ologie et de sciences religieuses de l\u2019Institut Catholique de Paris, Paris, juin-septembre 2001, tr. 415- 427.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Anne-Marie Pelletier<\/em> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Ratzinger, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 ch\u1ecdn so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i suy ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Colis\u00e9e v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d kh\u00f4ng? Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,27,25,48],"tags":[153],"class_list":["post-29119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gia-dinh","category-giao-dan","category-on-goi","category-ty-linh","tag-bi-tich"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29119"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29126,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29119\/revisions\/29126"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}