{"id":2948,"date":"2013-07-22T21:49:13","date_gmt":"2013-07-22T14:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=2948"},"modified":"2013-07-22T21:49:13","modified_gmt":"2013-07-22T14:49:13","slug":"tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-5\/","title":{"rendered":"TIN, \u0110\u1ed8NG T\u00c1C PH\u00c1T T\u1eea CON TIM (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Tin, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 con tim:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(b\u00e0i 5)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n I <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(ti\u1ebfp theo)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(xem M.M. Labourdette, o.p., La vie th\u00e9ologale selon saint Thomas: l\u2019affection dans la foi.<\/em> Revue Thomiste <\/span>1960, tr. 364-380)<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u201cn\u00f3i\u201d \u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh, l\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\/ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u ta n\u00f3i \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi…<\/em>\u201d, ho\u1eb7c: \u201ct\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, c\u0169ng ch\u00f3ng th\u00f4i<\/em>\u201d. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc, h\u1eb3n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ctin<\/em>\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u201cn\u00f3i\u201d b\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201ctin<\/em>\u201d khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang-t\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec. D\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u l\u1eafng trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c r\u1ea5t xa v\u1eddi, m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc cho l\u1eafm!<\/em>\u201d Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd l\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c; c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0…\u201d<\/em>, v.v.. <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc, \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng \u201ctin\u201d, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng Do th\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Do-th\u00e1i l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh t\u00e2m-l\u00fd n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat sinh-h\u1ecdc, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cAman\u201d<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.\u201d <\/em>C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfng \u201cAmen\u201d <\/em>n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra, v\u1eabn chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00fd-ngh\u0129a, r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng Hy-L\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cPistis\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f2n b\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tinh, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cfides\u201d<\/em> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c, t\u00edn-nhi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c: t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n-nh\u00e2n (nh\u01b0: h\u00f4n-phu<\/em>, h\u00f4n-th\u00ea<\/em> ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tin, l\u00e0 th\u00e1i-\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u1ed5n c\u1ed1. <\/em><\/strong>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng chi ti\u1ebft ghi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i ti\u00eau-bi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch. Tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang qui-c\u00e1ch, do \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o; ho\u1eb7c do nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdn-h\u1ea3o x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn ta n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u0103n-c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng-ch\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra, c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111inh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ed9t\u201d. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng-t\u1ecf chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3: ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\/hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe nh\u01b0: \u201ch\u1eefu-th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4-th\u1ec3<\/em>\u201d; \u201c\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n<\/em>\u201d, vv. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdn-h\u1ea3o\/tr\u1ecdn-l\u00e0nh, bao gi\u1edd ta c\u0169ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1n-\u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9c: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n-thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb t\u00e2m-tr\u00ed l\u1eabn th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c tr\u1ecdn-h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u0111\u1ed1i, h\u00e3n-h\u1eefu. Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea7n tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng sai.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec, ch\u1ee9ng-c\u1ee9 ta c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 d\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1edbi tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta. B\u1edfi, trong t\u00ecnh-hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ta nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0-duy c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o: ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0, ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u-h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 phi\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0-duy, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p b\u1eaft ta l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ra, ta tuy\u00ean-b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nghi-ng\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean m\u1edbi tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. (\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin m\u1edf d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u00eam, r\u1eb1ng: khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cnghi-ng\u1edd\u201d, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1-tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00fat n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. B\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ta \u201cnghi-ng\u1edd\u201d v\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ec1n-ho\u1eb7c\u201d). V\u00e0, gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng-c\u1ee9 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng-c\u1ee9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, d\u00f9 v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n, ta \u0111ang ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9\/nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn ta \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i \u201ctin<\/em>\u201d l\u00e2u nay m\u00ecnh t\u1eebng c\u00f3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n d\u0129 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta ch\u1ee9ng-c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y\/n\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n tin. V\u00e0, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t-\u0111\u1ed1i, bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. S\u1edf d\u0129 ta xem s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e1c-th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111em n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u x\u00e1c-nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y\/s\u1ef1 n\u1ecd ta c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tin v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. V\u00e0, do b\u1edfi ta tin v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 qua \u00fd-ch\u00ed, ta \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 \u201ctin\u201d v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i ra, th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch-l\u00fd\/ngh\u1ecbch-th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd. B\u1edfi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\/x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng-ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, s\u1edf d\u0129 ta g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 quan-\u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt \u00edt khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 \u201ctin\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f4i song h\u00e0nh trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\/\u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chung v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn s\u1ef1 tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1i-\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eabn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i k\u00ednh-c\u1ea9n, t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt ra, ta v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i cho ta bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi tin v\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ec1u theo t\u00e2m-l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n tin v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n \u0111au, \u00e2u s\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 th\u00e1i-\u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n do H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 h\u00e3i s\u1ee3 s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eeda b\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n luy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh\/luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i. Ho\u1eb7c, gia d\u0129 v\u1eabn kh\u00e1t khao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00f4i khi, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00ec v\u1ed1n d\u0129 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u201cy\u00eau Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 tin H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed5i thay xem ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00edch th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecbnh-h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u00fd-ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo lu\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ecbnh, ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1eadt ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui-\u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ta t\u1ea1o ra. B\u00ea tr\u1ec5 v\u1edbi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. B\u00ea tr\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac, l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c: \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng-c\u1ee9 mang t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3-thi r\u1ea5t cao. Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ta sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n-b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u201cduy-l\u00fd-tr\u00ed kh\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch-ly ta ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1-s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 con tim. Bao gi\u1edd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng tin v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea9m sinh. Ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh khoa-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c-\u0111\u00e1ng, th\u1ef1c-th\u1ee5 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1ee3p ta th\u1ef1c-hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. Xem th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng: b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u201ctin\u201d l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00fd-ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u c\u00f2n tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tin, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong>, v\u00e0 <\/strong>c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u00fd-ch\u00ed can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n-ch\u1ee9ng-ph\u00e1p gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7. V\u00e0, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u00e0: t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 h\u00e3i s\u1ee3, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, vv..<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1c l\u00fd l\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ta tin, l\u00e0 l\u00fd l\u1ebd n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

L\u00fd l\u1ebd, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ta \u201ctin\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fd l\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tin. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ta tin, xem ra c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfn ta coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng cho ta tin. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb\u201d \u00fd-ch\u00ed, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00fd-ch\u00ed t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; v\u00e0, t\u1eeb \u00fd-ch\u00ed \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ta. Ta mu\u1ed1n tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u00f4i qua \u0111i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Xem nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u00fd-ch\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c-ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c-ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: trong tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; v\u00e0, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng-l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho x\u00e1c-t\u00edn n\u00e0y. \u00dd-ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t uy-l\u1ef1c m\u00f9 lo\u00e0, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd l\u1ebd ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ta tin. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd-ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n-\u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t-tri\u1ec3n, do \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1-xu\u1ea5t, \u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4i. V\u1edbi l\u1ea1i, \u00fd-ch\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u-bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3-thi v\u1ec1 sau, m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, t\u1ee9c: th\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi v\u00e0 do c\u00f9ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecdi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00fd-l\u1ebd kh\u00e1ch-quan ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u01afu th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta mu\u1ed1n tin v\u00e0o. Ta ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tin; ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, v\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn theo cung c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u1ea5y, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng \u1ee5p v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebft tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta. Ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ta m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ch quan\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c-t\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/strong> Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp nhau. C\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o cung c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau: nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00fap \u1ea9n, \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau. \u201cHi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5\u201d d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea7u vui h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn mang t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn ta s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt mang \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f2n \u201ctin\u2019. V\u00e0, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, ta l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ecdi k\u1ebb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong tin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111em sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea7n-t\u00ednh v\u00e0o v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh tin c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng theo cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccum assensu cogitare\u201d <\/strong>(t\u1ee9c: t\u01b0-duy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn…)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng <\/strong>t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00f4m nay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d mang theo trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai. V\u00e0, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai s\u00f3t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00e3n-h\u1eefu, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u0169ng do d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ebf d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh tin. V\u00e0, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong khu\u00f4n-c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i th\u00edch c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang t\u01b0, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 th\u00edch-h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u-h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c l\u00fd l\u1ebd kh\u00e1ch quan, m\u00e0 ra. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cni\u1ec1m tin\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay n\u00e0y\/kh\u00e1c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u01a1i ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00fd-ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. T\u00ednh ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac, c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ———————————-<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

Lm Kevin O\u2019Shea CSsR<\/em><\/p>\n

Mai T\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I \u00a0Tin, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 con tim: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mai-ta","category-tam-linh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2948"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2949,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2948\/revisions\/2949"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}