{"id":30117,"date":"2024-05-22T09:06:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T02:06:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=30117"},"modified":"2024-05-22T15:10:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T08:10:46","slug":"dan-vao-su-mang-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/dan-vao-su-mang-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1eaaN V\u00c0O S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG H\u1eccC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong> \u0110\u1ee9c, PSS
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

So\u1ea1n theo An Introduction to Missiology<\/em> c\u1ee7a Domingo Moraleda, CMF (ICLA\/Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, 2004-2005); c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

\u2013Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission<\/em> c\u1ee7a David J. Bosch (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1991)<\/p>\n

-Ri\u00eang ch\u01b0\u01a1ng X \u2013 \u2018S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng \u01a0 A Ch\u00e2u Ng\u00e0y Nay: M\u1ed9t Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng M\u1edbi\u2019 <\/em>\u2013 d\u1ef1a theo Missio Inter Gentes: Towards a New Paradigm in the Mission Theology of the Federation of Asian Bishops\u2019 Conferences<\/em> c\u1ee7a Jonathan Yun-ka Tan (FABC Papers, No. 109)<\/p>\n

-V\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XI \u2013 \u201cT\u1ea7m Nh\u00ecn Th\u1ec3 K\u1ef7 M\u1edbi<\/em>\u201d \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Pentecost in Asia<\/em> c\u1ee7a Thomas C. Fox (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2002)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ec0 M\u1ee4C<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u2019 hay b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
  3. \u00dd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f4m nay<\/li>\n
  4. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II<\/li>\n
  5. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/li>\n
    2. T\u00c2N \u01af\u1edaC X\u00c9T NH\u01af M\u1ed8T V\u0102N LI\u1ec6U S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
    4. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/li>\n
    5. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu<\/li>\n
    6. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai<\/li>\n
    7. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      s\u01a1 khai<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        III. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG TRONG MATTH\u00caU, LUCA V\u00c0 PHAOL\u00d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Matth\u00eau: S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/li>\n
        2. Luca-T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/li>\n
        3. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong Phaol\u00f4: L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u00e1nh chung<\/li>\n
        4. NH\u1eeeNG THAY \u0110\u1ed4I KI\u1ec2U TH\u1ee8C TRONG S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG H\u1eccC THEO GI\u00d2NG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/li>\n
        5. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Hi L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5<\/li>\n
        6. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Trung C\u1ed5 (AD 600-1500)<\/li>\n
        7. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh: Nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/li>\n
        8. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng<\/li>\n
        9. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi<\/li>\n
        10. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG T\u1eea VATICAN II \u0110\u1ebeN NG\u00c0Y NAY<\/strong><\/li>\n
        11. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/li>\n
        12. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2ng th\u1ed5<\/li>\n
        13. S\u1ef1 c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n
        14. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi<\/li>\n
        15. H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>\u201d trong Vatican II<\/li>\n
        16. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n
        17. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n
        18. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n
        19. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh<\/li>\n
        20. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Missio Dei<\/em><\/li>\n
        21. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng sau C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n
        22. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a (EN)<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (RM)<\/li>\n
          2. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/li>\n
          3. C\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn<\/li>\n
          4. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            VII. CHI\u1ec0U K\u00cdCH CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG: S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I PH\u00d3NG <\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh<\/li>\n
            2. T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/li>\n
            3. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/li>\n
            4. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/li>\n
            5. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              ni\u00ean 1960 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 M\u00e1c x\u00edt<\/li>\n
              2. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: rao gi\u1ea3ng hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng?<\/li>\n
                2. Synod 1971<\/li>\n
                3. Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/li>\n
                4. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb<\/li>\n
                5. C\u00e1c Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb Libertatis Nuntius<\/em> v\u00e0 Libertatis Conscientia<\/em><\/li>\n
                6. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft: M\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  VIII. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 H\u1ed8I NH\u1eacP V\u0102N H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
                  2. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
                  3. Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00edch nghi<\/li>\n
                  4. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20<\/li>\n
                  5. T\u1eeb th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
                  6. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi<\/li>\n
                  7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
                  8. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f2an c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a<\/li>\n
                  9. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG \u0110\u1ebeN V\u1edaI C\u00c1C D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C THU\u1ed8C C\u00c1C NI\u1ec0M TIN <\/strong>KH\u00c1C: RAO GI\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ed0I THO\u1ea0I<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \n
                    1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n
                    2. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/li>\n
                    3. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n
                    4. Redemptoris Missio<\/em> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n
                    5. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau<\/li>\n
                    6. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai: nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/li>\n
                    7. S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG \u1ede \u00c1 CH\u00c2U NG\u00c0Y NAY: M\u1ed8T KI\u1ec2U TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/li>\n
                    8. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n
                    9. Tin m\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/li>\n
                    10. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ba m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u: T\u00f4n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      gi\u00e1o, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Loan b\u00e1o xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai<\/li>\n
                      2. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/li>\n
                      3. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d<\/li>\n
                      4. Missio inter gentes<\/em>: M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p C\u00e1c H\u0110GM \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Missio ad gentes<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Misio inter gentes<\/em><\/li>\n
                        2. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/li>\n
                        3. T\u1ea6M NH\u00ccN TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/li>\n
                        4. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n
                        5. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1<\/li>\n
                        6. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch<\/li>\n
                        7. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng<\/li>\n
                        8. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/li>\n
                        9. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n
                        10. Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n
                        11. Linh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I <\/strong><\/p>\n

                          D\u1eaaN<\/strong> NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng L\u00e0 \u2018M\u1eb9 C\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc\u2019 Hay B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/em> C\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai s\u01a1 khai. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u2019. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t \u0111i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                            Tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft<\/em> nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018habitus\u2019 c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Th\u1ee9 hai<\/em>, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Anh S\u00e1ng, m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay n\u1ebfu r\u1ed9ng l\u1eafm l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 khi m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba sai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                            Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hay m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u201cv\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hay t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n<\/em> \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                            K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Vatican II, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn di\u1ec5n ra do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201ct\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai<\/em>,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng hay c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai<\/em> v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/em>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i r\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (missio Dei<\/em>); s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb) Ba Ng\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec3n linh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (AG 9), h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                            Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; v\u00ec th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (missio Dei<\/em>) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai.<\/p>\n

                            S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 2 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh theologia viatorum<\/em>; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 nhau.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u00dd Th\u1ee9c M\u1edbi V\u1ec1 S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng H\u00f4m Nay<\/strong> (trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: Vatican II, Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/em>, v\u00e0 Redemptoris Missio<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              -T\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1edbi S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng: To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eeba sai<\/p>\n

                              -Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng: To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

                              -C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a t\u00f2an di\u1ec7n: rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \/ ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

                              -Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/p>\n

                              -H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a: lu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/em><\/p>\n

                              -\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                3.1<\/strong> Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II, \u2018s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>\u2019 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau:<\/p>\n

                                a\/ vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u2018v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

                                b\/ c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai<\/p>\n

                                c\/ c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

                                d\/ c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng hay c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eeba sai<\/p>\n

                                e\/ th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hay \u2018c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019<\/p>\n

                                \u2013 \u00dd ni\u1ec7m \u2018s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>\u2019 theo th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                                a\/ truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/p>\n

                                b\/ m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/p>\n

                                c\/ l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

                                d\/ tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi<\/p>\n

                                Th\u1eadt ra, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 \u2018s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u2019 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i. Cho t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u2018mission\u2019 (s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ba ng\u00f4i: vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Cha sai Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sai Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con. C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng T\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u2018mission\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Theo ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai c\u00f3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c m\u1edf mang thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

                                H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u2018s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai\u2019 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai, m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 sai. Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay trong m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                3.2<\/strong> N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00fd do, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/strong> (theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) kh\u00e1 h\u00e0m h\u1ed3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u2018si\u00eau nhi\u00ean\u2019 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u2018t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u2019 cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean: s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong Matth\u00eau 28,18-20, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0: a\/ t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c; b\/ Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh; c\/ nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o t\u1ecf ra lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1c l\u00fd do v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai t\u1ecf ra kh\u00e1 h\u00e0m h\u1ed3:<\/a>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng tinh tuy\u1ec1n: a\/ l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n; b\/ l\u00fd do v\u0103n h\u00f3a: truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u01b0u h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai; c\/ l\u00fd do (t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m) l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n: kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c xa x\u0103m k\u1ef3 th\u00fa; d\/ l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n (trong) Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: khao kh\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay d\u00f2ng tu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn kh\u00e1 h\u00e0m h\u1ed3: a\/ l\u00fddo ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i<\/em>, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng duy linh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb qua vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1eb9p tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u; b\/ l\u00fddo c\u00e1nh chung h\u1ecdc<\/em>, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y; c\/ l\u00fd do tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u qui t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; d\/ l\u00fd do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng: c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018tr\u1ed3ng\u2019 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 h\u00f2an t\u00f2an kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/a>[3]<\/sup> Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u00e3 qua, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n quan m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                Trong su\u1ed1t 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1eeba sai<\/em> d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, l\u00e0ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. Nh\u1eefng Chuy\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/em> V\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u00f3a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/em> Anh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ch\u00fang ta.<\/a>[4]<\/sup> Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                  1\/ S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

                                  2\/ \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (t\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a).<\/a>[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                  3\/ Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa, do b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00f3i m\u00f2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                                  4\/ V\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a trong vi\u1ec7c chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xem ra \u0111ang b\u1ecb d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai b\u1ecb \u00ec l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                  5\/ H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o; ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

                                  6\/ Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c r\u0103m r\u1eafp theo T\u00e2y, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1 cao nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                                  7\/ \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba: th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc da \u0111en, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc minjung, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Phi Ch\u00e2u, vv\u2026 S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                  D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m sau Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n quan m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1edfi Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 khai sinh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m, m\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Trong gi\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a T\u1ea1m Th\u1eddi Cho S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1eafm c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y nay:<\/p>\n

                                    1\/ \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eeba sai n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1eeba sai l\u00e0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cb\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[6]<\/sup> \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u00ecn \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; n\u00f3 xem \u201ctri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u cho \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd do hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                    2\/ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c trung t\u00ednh; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                    3\/ N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. Tham v\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u00e0 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0m \u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                    4\/ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u01a1i d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Itraen v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c sinh ra, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

                                    5\/ S\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                    6\/ T\u00f2an th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu mang t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai; hay \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai\u201d (AG 2). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a (EN 14).<\/p>\n

                                    7\/ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111em Tin M\u1eebng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Tin M\u1eebng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018neo-pagans\u2019.<\/p>\n

                                    8\/ Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn missio Dei<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gian, vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u2018c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; n\u00f3 qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o missio Dei<\/em>.<\/a>[7]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                    9\/ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u00f2an b\u1ed9; c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ly kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                                    10\/ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u2018v\u00e2ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u2018s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u\u2019 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u01a1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

                                    11\/ M\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                                    12\/ M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1eb1m ngang. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 \/ ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 lo c\u1ee9u linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (missio Dei<\/em>).<\/p>\n

                                    13\/ Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hay ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu. M\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch, v\u00ec n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng hay ti\u00ean b\u00e1o.<\/a>[8]<\/sup> Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y. S\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0, \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gian; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u00e1t sinh \u2018hoa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d (Rm 8,28), nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang t\u1edbi. (2Cr 1,22).<\/p>\n

                                    *<\/p>\n

                                    * *<\/p>\n

                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    T\u00c2N \u01af\u1edaC X\u00c9T NH\u01af L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T V\u0102N LI\u1ec6U S\u1ee8<\/strong> M\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng L\u00e0 M\u1eb9 C\u1ee7a Khoa Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u201d. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a khoa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u2019. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u201ct\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u2013 do s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u1eeba sai gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

                                      C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u \u2018th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u2019 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf gian, th\u00e0nh x\u00e2y tr\u00ean n\u00fai\u2026<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                        T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sai \u0111i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0o Giav\u00ea. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/a>[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                        C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t to l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Itraen v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh hierophanic<\/em>; ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/em>, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n mang v\u00e0s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                        \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Itraen th\u00ec h\u00f2an t\u00f2an kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi Ai C\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i qua sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Canaan<\/em>. D\u00e2n Itraen tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai, v\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f2an b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u01a1i Itraen, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u00e0n di\u1ec5n h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/a>[10]<\/sup> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Itraen l\u00e0 \u2018Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2019. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Itraen, \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a status quo<\/em>, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                                        Trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/em>. M\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cam k\u1ebft trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Abraham, Isaac v\u00e0 Giac\u00f3p) v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

                                        Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn Itraen. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/em>, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu Itraen t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Itraen ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean l\u1ec1 trong ch\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: c\u00f4 nhi, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

                                        T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00edn trong Itraen r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao tr\u00f9m h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/em>. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Itraen l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f2an th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                        Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t<\/em> m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Itraen l\u1eabn c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn (Is 40-45). Nh\u01b0ng Itraen s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o Giav\u00ea. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mang h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai<\/em> trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh chung t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 mang c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00earusalem \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi d\u00e2n giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>. Nh\u01b0ng Itraen v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia s\u1ebd t\u1edbi chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Itraen tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2n \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n<\/em>: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd khai sinh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ee9t cho cu\u1ed9c can thi\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                                        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra. V\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

                                        D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khoa ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ta r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ed3 nghi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu-ph\u1ee5c-sinh. Khoa ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh bi\u00ean s\u1ecdan, \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, d\u1ea1y ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u2019 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng \u2013 khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm (b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9c tin) \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f4m nay n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/em>, v\u00ec s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                          Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Itraen s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00f3an c\u1ea3i. Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Gioan, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Itraen \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn; \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f2i r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 xem h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ecdai gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 sinh hoa qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a giao l\u01b0u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2y, th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 binh s\u0129 mang v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec th\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Palestine b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma x\u00e2m l\u0103ng; n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7: s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn xem trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9<\/em>. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Itraen.<\/p>\n

                                          Trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu hi\u1ec3u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Itraen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean trong Mt 1,21 v\u00e0 Lc 1,54. Theo c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecba. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Samari hay c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

                                          Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Do Th\u00e1i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Itraen, trong khi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Itraen. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Do Th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p hay n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa.<\/a>[11]<\/sup> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c Do Th\u00e1i: con s\u1ed1 12 qui chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Itraen v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i M\u00easia t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, khi \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Itraen\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                          \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n hay lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Itraen:<\/a>[12]<\/sup> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong h\u1ee7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, gi\u1edbi thu thu\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb qu\u1ec9 \u00e1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n k\u00e9m, tr\u1ebb em, nh\u1eefng con chi\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Itraen, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ebfm n\u1eefa\u2026 n\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra r\u00eca n\u00e0y.<\/a>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                          Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf, g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                          Trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang khai m\u1ea1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/em>. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/a>[14]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                          3.1 M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                          T\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu th\u1eadt l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Itraen c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/a>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                          T\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang trong Logia<\/em> (Q), v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9, \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pharis\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 kinh ng\u1ea1c: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i?\u201d<\/p>\n

                                          Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                          Ngay c\u1ea3 khi logia<\/em> c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00f3an c\u1ea3i. Ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                          3.2 C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00ec sao?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                          Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng Logia<\/em>, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Itraen; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Itraen ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung ch\u1ec9 trong ranh gi\u1edbi Itraen. Gioan \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong Itraen, r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Abraham; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i\u201d (Mt 14,41). Ngay trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ecdai gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Carphanaum (Mt 8,10), hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Canaan (Mt 15,28), hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch tham d\u1ef1 b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c c\u00e1nh chung (Mt 8,11-13; Lc 13,28-30), h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u201cv\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d (Mt 21,31), hay nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9a con phung ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu k\u1ec3 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pharis\u00eau x\u1ea7m x\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd (Lc 15,1ff).<\/p>\n

                                          S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c l\u1eb1n ranh ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb sau Ph\u1ee5c Sinh hay t\u1eeb Phaol\u00f4; ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai sau Ph\u1ee5c Sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                          3.3 Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                          (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n qua Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda (Lc 4,18)<\/p>\n

                                          (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Lc 3,21-22; 5,16; 6,12; 9,16ff; 9,28; 11,1ff)<\/p>\n

                                          (3) Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u201ctri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1c d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u1eeba che ph\u1ee7 v\u1eeba v\u00e9n m\u1edf m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/a>[16]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                          C\u00f3 hai n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa:<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          1. a) Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/em>. Theo Matth\u00eau v\u00e0 M\u00e1cc\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu khai m\u1ea1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn (Mc 1,15; Mt 4,17): m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u1edbi; \u201cc\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a\u201d. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u xin cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn. (Su\u1ed1t gi\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Origen v\u00e0 Augustine, ni\u1ec1m mong \u0111\u1ee3i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i \u2018\u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i\u2019 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u2018ch\u01b0a\u2019 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u2013 v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f4m nay.<\/li>\n
                                          2. b) \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng m\u1edf cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/em>. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu hay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef mang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: \u0111au \u1ed1m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ec9 \u00e1m, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 gian d\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n giai c\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                            Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 khai m\u1ea1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb qu\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu (Lc 11,20; Mt 12,28); s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00fd; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong h\u1ee7i, thu thu\u1ebf, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 \u201ccon c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Itraen; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung th\u1ee9. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \/ thi\u00eang li\u00eang; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                            3.4 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt (Torah)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/a>[17]<\/sup> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c so v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Itraen.<\/p>\n

                                            Trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1edbn lao, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu coi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd ngay c\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0y Sab\u00e1t: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tha nh\u00e2n (1Ga 4,20). T\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tha nh\u00e2n \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                            3.5 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                            Trong Tin M\u1eebng Matth\u00eau v\u00e0 M\u00e1cc\u00f4, s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o: \u201cTh\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3n v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n; h\u00e3y s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>\u201d, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Mc 1,14-20; Mt 4,17-22).<\/p>\n

                                            S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang M\u00e1cc\u00f4 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng khi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u00e1cc\u00f4, bi\u1ec3n H\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, M\u00e1cc\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai cho Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba sai, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>. Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ra cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                            C\u00e1c rabbi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ri\u00eang:<\/a>[18]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            1. a) C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111i theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n: H\u00e3y theo Ta<\/em>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c rabbi.<\/li>\n
                                            2. b) Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u201cb\u1ecf m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111i theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d; d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, tin v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                                            3. c) C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c rabbi \u0111i theo th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt; c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu (Mt 10,38): \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu thay ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                                            4. d) Trong Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t rabbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y Torah. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                                            5. e) C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 trong Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c rabbi; c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea7y, v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh; ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/li>\n
                                            6. f) H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Mc 3,14); v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eeb qu\u1ec9\u201d (Mc 3,14ff); theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u song h\u00e0nh nhau; v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                                            7. g) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u00e1cc\u00f4, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecdng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vinh quang; ni\u1ec1m mong \u0111\u1ee3i quang l\u00e2m \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Ni\u1ec1m k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1eefu trong nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a M\u00e1cc\u00f4 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n-ph\u1eadn-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-m\u00f4n-\u0111\u1ec7-trong-s\u1ee9-m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                              3.6 S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c sinh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, kinh nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u1ee5c Sinh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/a>[19]<\/sup> C\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. V\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai (Ga 12,32; 1Tm 3,16).<\/p>\n

                                              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn; tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u01a1i bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh.<\/p>\n

                                              Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u1ed1n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ban cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                              Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m apocalyptic<\/em>, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u201c\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t\u201d c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a qua \u0111i; v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1nh chung ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef; v\u00e0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e1nh chung n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh chung.<\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 H\u1eefu S\u01a1 Khai <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m li\u1ec1n sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong Itraen, nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00earusalem l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an m\u1edbi. Trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau Chi\u1ebfn Tranh Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 Gi\u00earusalem v\u00e0o n\u0103m 70 AD.<\/p>\n

                                                C\u00f2n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00ec sao? Trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u00ec. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Aram (Hebrews) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Hi L\u1ea1p (Hellenists), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                                                C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 \u2013 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00ear\u00f4 \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c Itraen; h\u1ecd loan b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp Itraen m\u1edbi n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb phi xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong nh\u00e0 Itraen v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c \u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00earusalem. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Torah. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Hi L\u1ea1p tin r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Torah v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd<\/em>. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u01a1i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i: v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i T\u00eaphan\u00f4 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Hi L\u1ea1p. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khi b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00earusalem th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u1edf Phoenicia, Syria, v\u00e0 Antiokia; Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u00ec hay vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nghi th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh Antiokia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (Cv 11,26). C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa v\u1edbi nhau. Trong khi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Do Th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Itraen, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Hi L\u1ea1p xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Antiokia; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Phaol\u00f4.<\/p>\n

                                                Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cung \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o. Xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 Barnaba, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Antiokia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Cyprus v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an \u1edf Gi\u00earusalem kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ecdai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u00ec (Cv 15); ngay c\u1ea3 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai (Gl 2,12ff). M\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00earusalem.<\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. Nh\u1eefng N\u00e9t Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 V\u1ee5 Th\u1eeba Sai C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu V\u00e0 C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i S\u01a1 Khai<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                  1) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu<\/em>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/a>[20]<\/sup> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u00f2an t\u00f2an nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y chay vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Qumran \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n R\u00f4ma ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

                                                  2) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai trong h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi R\u00f4ma-Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf (alternatives) m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

                                                  -Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                                                  -C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n

                                                  -\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u201d theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1i \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n\u201d kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ec3\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai, trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

                                                  3) B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an (R\u00f4ma, Hi L\u1ea1p, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o\u2026 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au \u1ed1m, c\u00f4 nhi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                                                  4) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm m\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00e1nh chung: Maranatha<\/em>! H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng xuy\u00ean qua bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e1nh chung. C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y; h\u1ecd trao nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef; trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ni\u1ec1m mong \u0111\u1ee3i quang l\u00e2m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: Maranatha!<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                  5) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                  6) Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  1. M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 Th\u1ea5t B\u1ea1i Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i S\u01a1 Khai<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1eedi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n C\u00f4rinth\u00f4, trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi b\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 (Kh 2-3) v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu:<\/p>\n

                                                    1) C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an xung quanh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an v\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu loan b\u00e1o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/a>[21]<\/sup> V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi<\/em>, t\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                                    2) D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00ec thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai\u2026 M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng; n\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; n\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro; n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Gi\u00earusalem v\u00e0 Antiokia).<\/p>\n

                                                    3) D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                                                    T\u00f3m<\/strong> l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                    1) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t, \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf Palestine, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                                    2) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc loan b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd chung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111em \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u1ea7m tay m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                    3) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

                                                    4) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, loan b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                    *<\/p>\n

                                                    * *<\/p>\n

                                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                    S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG TRONG MATTH\u00caU, LUCA V\u00c0 PHAOL\u00d4<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                    Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nadar\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Palestine, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd chung cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi qu\u00e0t\u1eb7ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111em \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh chung cu\u1ed9c.<\/a>[22]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                    S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                                    T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao gian nan kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn ki\u00ean th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1eadn th\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/a>[23]<\/sup> M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                                    Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ba t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: Matth\u00eau, Luca v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4, m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u2018sub-paradigm\u2019 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb. Matth\u00eau, Luca v\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                    Matth\u00eau, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an g\u1ed3m \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng Matth\u00eau l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1edbi ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 \u201cB\u00e0i Sai V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i\u201d (Mt 28,18-20).<\/a>[24]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                    Luca vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng c\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

                                                    Phaol\u00f4, v\u1ecb T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i, xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    1. Matth\u00eau: S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng L\u00e0 L\u00e0m Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ta Tr\u1edf Th\u00e0nh M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      \u2013\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng Matth\u00eau v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                      Tin M\u1eebng theo Matth\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung kh\u1eafc quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a Matth\u00eau bao g\u1ed3m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i; c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u2018ghetto\u2019 \u1edf Syria. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y chay b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n t\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ec7 lu\u1eadt, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1i Tin M\u1eebng Math\u00eau<\/em>:<\/p>\n

                                                      1) Tin M\u1eebng Matth\u00eau t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. Cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u1eef trong l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng trang tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng: cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u00fai \u1edf Galil\u00ea; c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1eefa th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 nghi; s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp hay qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 \u201ch\u00e3y \u0111i\u201d, \u201cdo \u0111\u00f3\u201d, \u201ctu\u00e2n gi\u1eef\u201d, \u201cl\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n\u201d, \u201cTh\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u1edf v\u1edbi anh em\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eadn c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                      2) Matth\u00eau d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ea1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc\u201d, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. H\u1ea1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111i theo rabbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, Matth\u00eau nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3m kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu).<\/p>\n

                                                      \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1 b\u00ean h\u1eefu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu la Emmanuel, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta (Mt 1,23). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n quang l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u1edf v\u1edbi cac m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ph\u1ee5c Sinh hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai. Th\u1ee9 hai, Matth\u00eau tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Matth\u00eau, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n n\u00e0y: \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ph\u1ee5c Sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, v\u1ecb Ch\u00faa T\u1ec3, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i cao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/a>[25]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                      3) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Matth\u00eau, l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh; c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n. [Cf. ibid., p. 171]<\/p>\n

                                                      4) Matth\u00eau kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi Itraen v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Matth\u00eau kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      1. Luca-T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5: Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh Tha Th\u1ee9 V\u00e0 Li\u00ean \u0110\u1edbi V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Luca:<\/p>\n

                                                        1) Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc trong Luca n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong M\u00e1cc\u00f4 v\u00e0 Matth\u00eau: \u201cLuca l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/a>[26]<\/sup> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Qua Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an<\/em>. Luca gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung gian b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/em>; nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n (Lc12,49; Cv 1,8); Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. [Cf. ibid., p. 275] Ai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>; c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac b\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u00f4ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                        2) M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00e9t n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Luca l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia c\u1ee7a Itraen v\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Kit\u00f4 g\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb cung l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Itraen.<\/a>[27]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                        3) Trong C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1<\/em> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhau (Cv 1,2.8; Lc 10,41; 13,31) [Cf. ibid., p. 242]. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u g\u00e1n cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Cv 1,22; 10,41.<\/p>\n

                                                        Luca m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a \u2018ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n\u2019<\/em> t\u1edbi Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 T\u00eaphan\u00f4 (Cv 22,15-20; 26,16) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o<\/em>. Trong C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                                                        4) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 [Cv 2,38-40; Lc 24,48]; s\u1ef1 h\u00f3an c\u1ea3i th\u00e1p nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi theo Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                                                        5) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ec3 l\u00fd, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh; tuy nhi\u00ean, Luca d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/a>[28]<\/sup> M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Luca l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d; trong khi Matth\u00eau nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i chung, Luca nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                        B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Nadar\u00e9t (Lc 4,16-30) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d, m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/a>[29]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                        6) M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, theo Luca, l\u00e0: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Lc 23,34; Cv 7,60). Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay.<\/a>[30]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                        7) M\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Luca l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc. Trong Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Luca kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 trong Matth\u00eau; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t; nh\u01b0ng trong C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5, Luca tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0n v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf b\u1eefa \u0103n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng.<\/a>[31]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                        Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Luca c\u00f3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i \/ m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u201cgi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d (Cv 2,42) \u2013 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i \/ \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f2ai.<\/p>\n

                                                        Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y (hay c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u201cgi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n trung t\u00e2m, \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                        8) M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Luca l\u00e0: s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luca, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1eeb Galil\u00ea t\u1edbi Gi\u00earusalem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft (Lc 9,51-19, 40; 24,27). Trong C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o-H\u1ed9i-trong-s\u1ee9-m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu: nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft b\u1edb x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi Ph\u00ear\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gioan, s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh (Cv 9,16; 14,22; 20,22-25; 21,10ff).<\/p>\n

                                                          \n
                                                        1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Trong Phaol\u00f4: L\u1eddi M\u1eddi G\u1ecdi Tham D\u1ef1 V\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00f2an C\u00e1nh Chung<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                          T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 Phaol\u00f4 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Phaol\u00f4, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai.<\/a>[32]<\/sup> Phaol\u00f4-nh\u00e0-th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn Phaol\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4 song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                          Phaol\u00f4 so s\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Isaia v\u00e0 Gi\u00ear\u00eamia (Rm 1,1; Gl 1,15); \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0 t\u1ebf\u201d: \u00d4ng d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu d\u00e2n ng\u1ecdai cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hy l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (Rm 15,16); xuy\u00ean qua Phaol\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m lan t\u1ecfa \u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/em>\u201d; Phaol\u00f4 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 d\u00e2ng k\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 (2 Cr 2,14ff); Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, qua \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y (2 Cr 5,20); \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi (2 Cr 3,6), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (1 Cr 3,9); \u00f4ng m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u00f4ng m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea n\u01a1i Phaol\u00f4<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                          -\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo Phaol\u00f4<\/em>?<\/p>\n

                                                          1) Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an m\u1edbi<\/em>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4 di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a (Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 man di), v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o), kinh t\u1ebf (gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o), v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7). Trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Phaol\u00f4, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cnh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4\u201d; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (Gl 3,27ff) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, Th\u00e2n M\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta sinh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phaol\u00f4, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd n\u00e0o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng. C\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh hay giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (Ep 2,5ff).<\/p>\n

                                                          2) M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phaol\u00f4, Itraen l\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi Itraen; \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Itraen m\u1edbi, hay m\u1ed9t Itraen m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Itraen kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i qui t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i do Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng may, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, leo t\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai gi\u1eefa Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh Kinh. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ng\u00f5.<\/p>\n

                                                          3) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3i th\u1eafng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                          Phaol\u00f4 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi quang l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phaol\u00f4, c\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111ang t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f9a theo th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u00f4i qua n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0hoa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang gi\u1eef cho ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng (Rm 8,23).<\/p>\n

                                                          4) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c quang l\u00e2m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, Phaol\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                                                          5) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<\/em>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phaol\u00f4, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c Quang L\u00e2m. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, song l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ki\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e1nh chung, cho t\u1edbi khi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd trao v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho Cha Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Phaol\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i \/ m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, bu\u1ed3n \/ vui \u2026 (2 Cr 12,9ff; 4,8ff; 6,8-10). \u0110au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng (Gl 6,17; Cl 1,24).<\/p>\n

                                                          6) M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma, Phaol\u00f4 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Tin M\u1eebng\u201d (Rm 1,1-5).<\/a>[33]<\/sup> V\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y, Phaol\u00f4 \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>. Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                          *<\/p>\n

                                                          * *<\/p>\n

                                                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                          NH\u1eeeNG THAY \u0110\u1ed4I KI\u1ec2U TH\u1ee8C TRONG S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG H\u1eccC THEO<\/strong> GI\u00d2NG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                          \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c tin theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111i v\u00e0o trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                                          Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh:<\/a>[34]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                            \n
                                                          1. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai<\/li>\n
                                                          2. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Hi L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5<\/li>\n
                                                          3. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma Trung C\u1ed5<\/li>\n
                                                          4. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Tin L\u00e0nh (C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch)<\/li>\n
                                                          5. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n
                                                          6. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                            M\u1ed7i trong s\u00e1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>. V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t; nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng xu th\u1ebf m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                              \n
                                                            1. Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c Hi L\u1ea1p C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                              T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI, khi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hi L\u1ea1p-R\u00f4ma, \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Ir\u00ean\u00ea, Cl\u00eament, \u00d4rigen, Anathasi\u00f4 v\u00e0 ba v\u1ecb \u1edf Cappadoce, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c c\u00e1nh chung kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                              Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; \u2018th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2019 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma; c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

                                                              C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Kit\u00f4 b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u2018ch\u00ednh\u2019 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Nestoria v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111i xa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 R\u00f4ma, m\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: Coptic, Syriac, Maronite, Armenian, Ethiopian, Indian v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Trung Hoa. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00f2an t\u00f2an kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. Trong khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Byzantine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u2018con g\u00e1i\u2019 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 (cho t\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, ng\u1ecdai tr\u1eeb Philippines), ngay c\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00eanh v\u00eanh trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y) v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

                                                              Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Syria \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o t\u1edbi An \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Hoa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u00f3m Nestorians l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba sai h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu. Khi Nestorius b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Eph\u00eas\u00f4 (AD 431) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n sang Ba T\u01b0, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1eeba sai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Nestorian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ecb x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch b\u1edfi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

                                                              T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IV, khi Constantine d\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb R\u00f4ma v\u1ec1 Byzantium (\u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Constantinople), \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 tranh ch\u1ea5p nhau, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ly khai (1054). Sau \u0111\u00f3, hai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang; m\u1ed9t b\u00ean t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma\u201d, b\u00ean kia th\u00ec t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Byzantine\u201d. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Slovenian v\u00e0 Nga.<\/p>\n

                                                              K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Constantinople, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. L\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00ednh l\u00edu ho\u00e0ng gia<\/em> n\u00e0y trong h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f2n dai d\u1eb3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111i song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                              Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hi L\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 qui ph\u1ea1m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Origen (185-254) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Hi L\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai. Origen l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c giao l\u01b0u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i h\u00f2an t\u00f2an v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c Hi L\u1ea1p. D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Hi L\u1ea1p s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                                              Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hi L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft<\/em>. Hi L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a<\/em> v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/em>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Hi L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng S\u00eam\u00edt h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ebonites, Montanists\u2026 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng Hi L\u1ea1p h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0: vi\u1ec7c qui \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00f3a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                              Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111an tu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111ang cung \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Diognetus, AD 200, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0y \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o Hi L\u1ea1p:<\/p>\n

                                                              Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa hay v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i hay v\u1ec1 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh\u2026 H\u1ecd theo c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa\u2026 M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch qu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 H\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng theo x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi cao\u2026 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hi L\u1ea1p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i h\u1ecd; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea9y chay h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y chay. N\u00f3i t\u1eaft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 linh h\u1ed3n trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 H\u1ecd \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00ean hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                              T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f2an t\u00f2an c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qui-Gi\u00e1o-H\u1ed9i<\/em>.<\/a>[35]<\/sup> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng \u1edf trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u1edf trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i rao gi\u1ea3ng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/em>. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed bao tr\u00f9m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean qua kinh ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                              Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Ga 3,16). C\u0169ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (\u0110\u1ea5ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng con chi\u00ean l\u1ea1c; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111i hoang tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u2026 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 hay \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vinh quang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                              \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/em>. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (2 Cr 5,9; Cl 1,20), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (\u201cTh\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Quang L\u00e2m, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.\u201d)<\/p>\n

                                                              C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Byzantine v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                                                              M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng<\/em>, \u201cTin M\u1eebng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 v\u00f4 song c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                              B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Byzantine v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0: qui ph\u1ea1m tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khuy\u1ec3n nho v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00ean v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                                                              \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                              M\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a; m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

                                                              Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 th\u1ea7n \u2018t\u1ecf ra\u2019 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

                                                              Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap qui h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                                              S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                              Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111i qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                              Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; n\u00f3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i; s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1m li\u1ec1u c\u1edfi m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0: truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5<\/em>; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u0169y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f2ai.<\/p>\n

                                                              C\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Platon \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1nh chung h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 khai. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u00f2an t\u00f2an thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 di\u1ebdn t\u1ea3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 b\u00ed t\u00edch. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a tan b\u1edfi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an h\u1ea3o, xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c nhau: s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                              Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Byzantine, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u2018s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m\u201d (kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf). Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3; \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 (staurological); n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ebft thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                                                                \n
                                                              1. Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c Trung C\u1ed5 (AD 600-1500)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                Augustin\u00f4 (354-430) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai m\u1edf ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Trung C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a tr\u00ean t\u00f2an b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo sau, c\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn Tin L\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u01a1i \u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chung quanh \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Constantine (311) v\u00e0 Theodosius (380), r\u1ed3i Alaric v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m Gothic du c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 R\u00f4ma (410). Augustin\u00f4 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; trong ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c De Civitate Dei<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi. Ng\u00f2ai ra, Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: Donatus \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Pelagius. Ba t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo sau.<\/a>[36]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ph\u00e1i Donatists, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Donatists ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u00e9p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u00ean C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/a>[37]<\/sup> Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Augustin\u00f4 tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Donatists tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Augustin\u00f4 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfp ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Las Casas. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Lc 14,23: compellere intrare (compel them to come in). Las Casas tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng n\u00f2ng s\u00fang. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, bao l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n

                                                                Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa. T\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng; t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i b\u1ecb s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec5u c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i; nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t; m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 ngai v\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean; t\u00edn l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 chung quy\u1ebft; phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, T\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2an h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eeba. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t si\u00eau nhi\u00ean; l\u00fd tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 trong khi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Chi\u1ebfc khung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0 ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng (v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chung v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Trung C\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/a>[38]<\/sup> \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 logic v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Constantine. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

                                                                N\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay, th\u00ec ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma Trung C\u1ed5 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Trong 40 n\u0103m qua, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u xa. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma trong su\u1ed1t C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II.<\/p>\n

                                                                Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma Trung C\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi hai ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c: Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f2an t\u00f2an m\u1edbi m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                1. Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng C\u1ee7a Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin l\u00e0nh: Nh\u1eefng M\u00e2u Thu\u1eabn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                  \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 5 n\u00e9t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u2018th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Tin L\u00e0nh\u2019:<\/p>\n

                                                                  1) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

                                                                  2) G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 Sa Ng\u00e3, l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong khi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n <\/em>(s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u), Tin L\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i<\/em> (s\u1ed1 \u00edt) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                                  3) Phong tr\u00e0o C\u00e1i C\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/em>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu s\u1ebd b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c sinh l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                                                                  4) Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u1edf trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean can t\u1edbi \u2018M\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a Mt 28,19-20.<\/p>\n

                                                                  5) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh, t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song. C\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c. Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                                                                  N\u0103m n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eabn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                  Trong su\u1ed1t hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

                                                                  (1) M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. V\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (2) \u0110\u00f4i khi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u1ed9i l\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c; c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bi quan n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (3) Ch\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft Tin L\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1eeba m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111i sang th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-con-ng\u01b0\u1eddi-trong-c\u1ed9ng-\u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (4) Ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1edf ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ly gi\u00e1o, khi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (5) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1oho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (6) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt chung n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anabaptists, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Thanh gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                  (7) Nh\u00e1nh Calvinists c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch g\u00e1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Calvin.<\/p>\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng V\u00e0o Bu\u1ed5i B\u00ecnh Minh C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                    Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1eabn th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II.<\/p>\n

                                                                    V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc Trung C\u1ed5 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u sau: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa-Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i-Vua<\/em> v\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c-d\u00e2n ch\u00fang-\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt\/th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\/c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh do th\u1ea7n linh, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh, th\u1eddi C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII), v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cho c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean (Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng gia), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ra hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                                                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                                                                    1) Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Anh S\u00e1ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00fd tr\u00ed. L\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u2013 do \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                    2) S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>; to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd tr\u00ed; l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m hay b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

                                                                    3) Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n-h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c suy t\u01b0 c\u1ed5 Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lu\u1eadn (teleology) r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 Hi L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lu\u1eadn n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u1edfi ai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/a>[39]<\/sup> Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m n\u1eefa. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ra kh\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch lu\u1eadn v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tho\u00e1i tr\u00e0o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII.<\/p>\n

                                                                    4) Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/a>[40]<\/sup> Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra cho m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t x\u1ea3y ra cho \u0111a s\u1ed1. Ng\u00f2ai ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia.<\/p>\n

                                                                    5) Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, phi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh;<\/a>[41]<\/sup> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ni\u1ec1m tin. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

                                                                    6) Ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ed \u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                    7) \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb<\/em>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 n\u00e0y; h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 M\u00e1c x\u00edt \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat ra c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qui chi\u1ebfu si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o.<\/a>[42]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>:<\/p>\n

                                                                    (1) Khoa nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c quan \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0 x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 anh ch\u1ecb em<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (3) Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 (trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p) s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (4) Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 \u201cki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (5) S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (6) Ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u2013 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u2018b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n\u2019 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3u t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                    (7) Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                    To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Anh S\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c theo nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u; v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111ang \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng r\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 khai sinh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    1. Nh\u1eefng Thay \u0110\u1ed5i C\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi Ch\u00fang Ta \u0110\u00f2i H\u1ecfi M\u1ed9t Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng M\u1edbi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                      T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng h\u1ecfang n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb r\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadn c\u0103n:<\/p>\n

                                                                      (1) Hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t t\u1eadpth\u1ec3<\/p>\n

                                                                      (2) C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Hoa<\/p>\n

                                                                      (3) Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

                                                                      (4) S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

                                                                      (5) Tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

                                                                      (6) S\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o<\/p>\n

                                                                      (7) \u00dd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf qui m\u00f4 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/p>\n

                                                                      (8) Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a), v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                                                                      Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                                                                      (1) Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111a nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                                      (2) Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111ang l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh\u2026)<\/p>\n

                                                                      (3) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                      (4) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                                                                      (5) Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1eb9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai. M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                                                      (6) Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, thay ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                                                                      (7) S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111ang bu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                      M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean; nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn b\u00ean trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i , th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra:<\/p>\n

                                                                      Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa ngai v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

                                                                      C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i quan t\u00e2m nay b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh; s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u2026 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; vai tr\u00f2 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                                      Trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra: nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, xem \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec xa l\u1ea1, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai \u00e0o \u1ea1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ebf t\u1eafc cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c\u201d; c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh th\u1eeba sai, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u2018v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa; nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e0 in) nhi\u1ec1u khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i non tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

                                                                      \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, \u1edf t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n\u2026 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n phi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o s\u0129.<\/p>\n

                                                                      Vatican II nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201ct\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai\u201d (AG 9) v\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; EN nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi. R\u1ed3i RM \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (RM tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4i).<\/p>\n

                                                                      Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u2018kairos\u2019 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c), c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/em> v\u1eeba thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/em>. Phong tr\u00e0o Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1edbi<\/em>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111ang cung \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p h\u00f4m nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                      Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi; c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t ra r\u00eca nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec n\u1eefa; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/em>, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u Tin M\u1eebng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (Gioan XXIII, 1963) v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng Tin M\u1eebng cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

                                                                      *<\/p>\n

                                                                      * *<\/p>\n

                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                      S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG T\u1eea VATICAN II \u0110\u1ebeN<\/strong> NG\u00c0Y NAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (Propaganda Fide) v\u00e0, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng (Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XV, Maximum Illud<\/em> 1919; Pi\u00f4 X, Rerum Ecclesiae <\/em>1926; Evangelii Praecones <\/em>1951; Fidei Donum <\/em>1957; Gioan XXIII, Princeps Pastorum <\/em>1959). Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Muenster v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Joseph Schilling, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Louvain, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Pierre Charles v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i.<\/a>[43]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                      T\u1ea1i Vatican II (1962-1965), t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh V\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes (1965), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Lumen Gentium (1964), Gaudium et Spes (1965), trong Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 Quan H\u1ec7 Gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u00e1c T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o Nostra Aetate (1965), v\u00e0 trong Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 Do T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Dignitatis Humanae (1965).<\/p>\n

                                                                      D\u1ecdc theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                      Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb Vatican II cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> t\u1edbi S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/em>; sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf 4 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a; \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      1. T\u1eeb C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ebfn S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/li>\n
                                                                      2. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2ng th\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                        Khi Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1622, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m \u1edf R\u00f4ma, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa; v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c R\u00f4ma nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, th\u00edch nghi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                        H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1u tr\u00e0o (\u00c2u ch\u00e2u) tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i mang t\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y; ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khai h\u00f3a<\/em> v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a<\/em>; Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t; mang Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mang v\u0103n minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        1. S\u1ef1 c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                          Trong n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra s\u1ef1 suy vong c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o; th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hay nh\u1eefng \u2018v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019 n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Au Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u2018v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019, v\u00ec Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Au Ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra b\u1edfi hai v\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00fay c\u1ee7a JOC (Thanh Sinh C\u00f4ng), H. Daniel v\u00e0 Y. Godin, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m France, Pays de Mission<\/em> (Paris 1943). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa; \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kinh kh\u1ee7ng gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf xa l\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean; m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c c\u00e1nh chung theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920s b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Louvain, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u1ea1i; Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

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                                                                          1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                            Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam cho c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: \u201cs\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi khung c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o xa l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bao h\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng.\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00f2an t\u00f2an kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n h\u00f3a (ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i!). S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bay gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c mang Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                            B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a theo ph\u00fac \u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ba \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau: suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, <\/em>v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                            (1) Vi\u1ec7c suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p b\u1edfi H. De Lubac; n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt<\/em>; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111i v\u00e0o trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sai tr\u1ec7ch r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II v\u1edbi Karl Rahner.<\/p>\n

                                                                            (2) S\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Y.M. Congar trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                            (3) Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u2018x\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u2019 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng: \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf s\u1eb5n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d.<\/p>\n

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                                                                            1. H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng\u201d trong Vatican II<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                              S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u0169 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ad Gentes<\/em>, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin hay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa th\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                              Trong Ad Gentes<\/em>, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 Kit\u00f4 h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (AG 2).<\/p>\n

                                                                              T\u1eeb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh hu\u1edbng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc: n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u2019 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                              Vatican II t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n: \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em>; c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                                                                              M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Vatican II l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cloan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng\u201d. Ngay trong c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a LG, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 sai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi l\u00f2ai th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o (LG 1). V\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai, n\u00ean loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (LG 16-17; AG 23. 25). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, trong hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y (LG 23; CD 6; AG 29-30). C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng ni\u1ec1m h\u0103ng say loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (PO 4; AG 39). V\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (LG 35; AA 2-3. 6; AG 41). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (LG 25; PO 4).<\/p>\n

                                                                              -Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn Phi Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                              Ad Gentes nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 (Phi Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng: \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t D\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (AG 8); Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                                              Ad Gentes c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m tin, chia s\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y (AG 11. 15). Ad Gentes, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m vang v\u1edbi LG v\u00e0 NA, nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u (AG 11. 18). Y t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong RM 55 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7m th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              1. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf Mt 28,19ff. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ad Gentes c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i. Theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi LG (2-4), xem ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, Ad Gentes \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Cha sai Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                1. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                  AG \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ean c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (s\u1ed1 2). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ean k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d, t\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t ra Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n; nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y: Ch\u00faa Cha sai Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con sai Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n linh<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t Ba Ng\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  1. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                    B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n linh<\/em>; \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y (AG 2); Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1nn\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n, D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ecdai suy gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con: h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 (AG 3). N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0o L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n \u2013 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng (AG 4). S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn trong Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                    S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o hay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    1. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                      Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n; \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u0111em v\u0103n minh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u00f4i khi hi\u1ec3u theo nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hay tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/em> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 missio Dei, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh l\u1eabn C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Willingen. \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb Ba Ng\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc hay C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[44]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                      Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Karl Barth, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: Missio Dei<\/em>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc hay C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ba Ng\u00f4i. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 missio Dei<\/em> \u2013 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Cha sai Ch\u00faa Con, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con sai Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh: Cha, Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n sai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      Trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 missio Dei<\/em>, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n; c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Tham d\u1ef1 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c) sai \u0111i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      Vatican II c\u0169ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Sau khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai, Ad Gentes<\/em> n\u00eau ra l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y: \u201cv\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/em>\u201d. Ad Gentes c\u0169ng n\u00eau \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: \u201cH\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u hi\u00ean k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf h\u1ecdach \u1ea5y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d (AG 2. 9). S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi Ba Ng\u00f4i, Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, Th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho missio Dei<\/em>, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 \u2013 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u2013 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.<\/p>\n

                                                                                      Trong Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xuy\u00ean qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung, Gaudium et Spes<\/em> kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cTh\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y\u201d (GS 26); h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, GS \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026\u201d m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u201cs\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (GS 39).<\/p>\n

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                                                                                      1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Missio Dei<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                        Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 missio Dei<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a, v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c sai \u0111i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gian<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                        S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n trong th\u1ebf gian qua Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9: s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qui Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eefa; tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eefa; th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy ch\u1ec9 xuy\u00ean qua Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eefa. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                        1. S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Sau C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                          K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Vatican II, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n

                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          1. a) c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/em> 1975 v\u00e0 Redemptoris Missio<\/em> 1990;<\/li>\n
                                                                                          2. b) c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee6y Ban T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh;<\/li>\n
                                                                                          3. c) c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                            \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                            -qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn danh hi\u1ec7u Phaol\u00f4, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 D\u00e2n Ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n

                                                                                            -n\u0103m 1967, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c tin th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Ph\u00fac Am H\u00f3a C\u00e1c D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

                                                                                            -ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u201cgi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                            -t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m tang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Tin M\u1eebng m\u1edf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean quan t\u00e0i<\/p>\n

                                                                                            -ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c 1974 l\u00e0: \u201cloan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. \u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Synod n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Nuntiandi, \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t bao h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 1-16). Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 (s\u1ed1 17-24) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng minh nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sai \u0111i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng m\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 (s\u1ed1 25-39) n\u00eau r\u00e3n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 (s\u1ed1 40-48) ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 (s\u1ed1 49-58) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 (s\u1ed1 59-73) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng; v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7 (s\u1ed1 74-80) ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 theo \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m nguy cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng (nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, Phi Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Latinh), EN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                            V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (s\u1ed1 6-8), v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 20), v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng (s\u1ed1 30), v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n (s\u1ed1 48), v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (s\u1ed1 58).<\/p>\n

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                                                                                            1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a<\/em><\/strong> (EN)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                              EN \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110em Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong\u201d (EN 24); ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f2an c\u1ea7u xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y (EN 18).<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (EN 14)<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u00e1ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ec3 giao h\u00f2a t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh hy l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (EN 14)<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng (EN 22)<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng (EN 20)<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng hai \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhau<\/p>\n

                                                                                              -\u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (EN 30-34); loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (EN 22). Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (EN 26. 35).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              1. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (RM)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                Redemptoris Missio<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 25 n\u0103m Ad Gentes<\/em>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes<\/em> l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a RM.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (Ad Gentes v\u00e0 t\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (\u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5) (RM 33). Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a. H\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t (s\u1ed1 4) v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                Qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9; trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o qui th\u1ea7n (theocentric) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 qui Kit\u00f4 (Christocentric) (s\u1ed1 19), nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 12-20), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean t\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (s\u1ed1 55-57). RM n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch chung c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 55).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (s\u1ed1 25), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng aeropagus<\/em> m\u1edbi (s\u1ed1 37), v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, sinh th\u00e1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 RM b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 55).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM (1990), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di c\u01b0 (s\u1ed1 32. 37. 40. 82), \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a (32. 37), ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (11. 36), \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed thi\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 (8. 11. 50), ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111a nguy\u00ean (11. 32), ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang (32. 38. 50).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 xem ch\u00fang nhu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng: s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do (s\u1ed1 8. 11. 39), t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 29. 42. 58), t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c (s\u1ed1 28. 52), \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u00f4n (s\u1ed1 20. 25. 29. 50. 55), t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i (s\u1ed1 14. 20. 26. 42. 51. 58-60. 70. 72. 81. 82), t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu (s\u1ed1 7. 13. 15. 31. 60. 89), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 (s\u1ed1 13. 23. 42. 90).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM dung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau: \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, canh t\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, vv.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> c\u1ee7a EN; RM s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong khi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa qua m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c; s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u0103n t\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; \u201cd\u1ecdc theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin (s\u1ed1 2).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u00f4m nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft: S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ad gentes <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a (cho nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                RM k\u00eau g\u1ecdi canh t\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 (s\u1ed1 30).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                * *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH<\/strong> H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                T\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a<\/em> (th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc da \u0111en, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef).<\/a>[45]<\/sup> Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00e9t y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khai sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c trong suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                1. C\u00fa \u0110\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                  C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u t\u00fa; ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (ng\u00f2ai Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khoa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra r\u00eca v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/a>[46]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                  Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/em>; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c suy t\u01b0 c\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u201d (Gustavo Gutierrez). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  1) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u1ed3 nghi s\u00e2u xa r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay n\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/a>[47]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                  2) Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3; l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  3) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1ecdai ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh (orthopraxis) n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Khi ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh t\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.<\/a>[48]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                  4) Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh,; m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  5) S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m<\/em> th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc; l\u00e0m<\/em> th\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft<\/em> hay n\u00f3i<\/em>; trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh k\u1ebb l\u00e0m<\/em> l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  6) Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. \u01af kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tati\u1ebfn t\u1edbi suy t\u01b0: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Trong ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u00fang s\u00e1nh vai nhau; ch\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m\u2026 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  1. Nh\u1eefng Nh\u1eadp Nh\u1eb1ng C\u1ee7a B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                    Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1ng trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    1) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c (Lc 4,18ff); ng\u00e0y nay \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 trao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa vinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f3a<\/em> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng; trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/a>[49]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                    2) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a li\u00ean can t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t; \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean t\u00edn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i b\u1ed3i cho theologia oecumenica<\/em>; v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    3) C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e3n quan ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m quan kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    4) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cvi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u00e0n di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh \u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e1nh \u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u1ef1 do, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, trong tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tha; c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 h\u00f3a, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecdai ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/a>[50]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                    5) S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh (c\u00f4ng l\u00fd) v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (ch\u00e2n l\u00fd) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, kinh nghi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                    CHI\u1ec0U K\u00cdCH CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                    S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I<\/strong> PH\u00d3NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                    V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u2013 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1edbi: khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc! Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh t\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Suy t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh bi \u0111\u00e1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    Theo suy t\u01b0 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra b\u1edfi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    Cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    1. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i X\u00e9t Nh\u01b0 M\u1ed9t C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00f2an Xu\u1ea5t H\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                      Trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Ludwig Rutti, trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Johann Baptist Metz. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3. Ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong<\/em><\/strong> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a<\/em>. Trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      1. T\u1eeb Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ebfn Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                        Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a di\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 Latinh, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc da \u0111en, Hispanic v\u00e0 Amerindian c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111en Nam Phi, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 phong tr\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Phi Ch\u00e2u, \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1eeba sai trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em>. M\u1eabu th\u1ee9c b\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026); tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch<\/em> ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>: chuy\u1ec3n trao s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn; ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i; s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI, trong Populorum Progressio<\/em> (1967) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d (s\u1ed1 76); th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ngu d\u1ed1t, hay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng hay nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc Medellin (1968) h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f3t nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        1. Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                          \u1ede M\u1ef9 Latinh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                          Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi M\u1ef9 Latinh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                          Trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u2013 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          1. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u01afu Ti\u00ean Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                            Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u00e0u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb\u2026 b\u1eaft c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u00e0u \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Medellin (1968) v\u00e0 Puebla (1979) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00ec c\u0103ng \u0111an. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c\u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh locus th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/em> v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i cam k\u1ebft tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh; vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i; s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            1. S\u1ef1 Kh\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Gi\u1eefa C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp Ni\u00ean 1960 V\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 (th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026); tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              1) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng can h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c di s\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh; c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a\u201d. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3n h\u1ed3i t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1; Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu\u201d bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i; c\u00e1c \u201cd\u1eef ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              2) C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111ang c\u00f3; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/em>. N\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u; r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u trong \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              1. M\u1ed1i Li\u00ean H\u1ec7 M\u00e1c X\u00edt<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u00e0 u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 M\u00e1c x\u00edt. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                1. a) V\u00ec c\u1ea3 M\u00e1c x\u00edt l\u1eabn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea9y chay m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                2. b) V\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                3. c) V\u00ec chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh qui \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 xoa d\u1ecbu. Dom Helder Camara \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cKhi t\u00f4i x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch m\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean M\u00e1c x\u00edt<\/em>.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                  Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  1. a) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 M\u00e1c x\u00edt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c x\u00edt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qui t\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                  2. b) \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch M\u00e1c x\u00edt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c x\u00edt v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Segundo Juan Luis ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c M\u00e1c x\u00edt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh chung h\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c x\u00edt t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng h\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eafng cay v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                  3. c) Miguel Bonino c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00e1c x\u00edt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m quan li\u00eau; vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi M\u00e1c x\u00edt v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 M\u00e1c x\u00edt nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 M\u00e1c x\u00edt; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c x\u00edt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Anh S\u00e1ng: l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3-\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh xung quanh ch\u00fang ta. M\u00e1c x\u00edt, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i si\u00eau nghi\u1ec7m; t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a M\u00e1cx\u00edt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. (\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gustavo Gutierrez, \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Leonardo Boff ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/em> v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/em>; ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1nh chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.) \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau; tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    Ng\u00f2ai ra, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/em> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c x\u00edt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua: b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i status quo<\/em> v\u00e0, \u0111\u00f4i khi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng khai \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u00ec d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/em>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y chay vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng (EN 37); c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng ma \u00e1m \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c (Gandhi, Martin Luther King) x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac xem x\u00e9t. C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em> h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 trong Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    1. Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n: Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Quan Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i B\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Giav\u00ea, \u0110\u1ea5ng can d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ea5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai m\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong trung t\u00e2m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1nh chung). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng gi\u00fap ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1; \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5c Sinh nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean<\/em>:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      -Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9; s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin; s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o; s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      -\u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n l\u1eabn nhau; v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u1edf ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n. Ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nhau. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Giav\u00ea c\u1ee7a Itraen c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Phaol\u00f4 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      -C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n<\/em> d\u00e2n<\/em> hay v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady coi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/em>. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em> l\u00e0m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/em> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      -Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1c quan. Cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Itraen kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u00ean Ai C\u1eadp l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i; ngay c\u1ea3 Medellin c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c quan n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang M\u1ef9 Latinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c quan n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng son cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 tan t\u00e0nh \u1edf Chil\u00ea, Uruguay, Bolivia v\u00e0 Philippines\u2026; nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u1ea5y l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nicaragoa, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed5i thay g\u00ec; s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      Trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t; nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1edf ra m\u1edbi h\u00f4m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec h\u00f4m sau kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng M\u1ef9 Latinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ea7m tay m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 hay u\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (eschaton<\/em>) \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, c\u1eady, m\u1ebfn m\u00e0ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ea1. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi trong suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 (Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u01b0 G\u1eedi C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Braxin<\/em>, th\u00e1ng 4, 1986); n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m (Gustavo Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, NY 1988).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      1. C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Chuy\u00ean Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i L\u00e0 G\u00ec: Rao Gi\u1ea3ng Hay Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                        V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t hay s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1nh chung; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau? Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t hay s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n c\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Synod 1971: C\u00f4ng L\u00fd Tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi<\/em>, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Synod 1974: Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng Trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/em>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y: Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        1. Synod 1971<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                          T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Synod, C\u00f4ng L\u00fd Tr\u00ean Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi<\/em>, c\u00f3 4 ph\u1ea7n ng\u00f2ai ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp: 1\/ T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh: C\u00f4ng L\u00fd v\u00e0 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i; 2\/ S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; 3\/ Th\u1ef1c Thi C\u00f4ng L\u00fd; 4\/ M\u1ed9t Ti\u1ebfng N\u00f3i Hy V\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a GS: m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 nam th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh; th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u201cs\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d; vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi : \u201ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p b\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n sinh t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          Nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thay cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rao gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          1. Evangelii Nuntiandi<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                            T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n EN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u00f2an t\u00f2an b\u1ecf t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng<\/em>. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, khi v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI kh\u00f4ng tham chi\u1ebfu g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u (EN 6-12).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: b\u00e0i sai loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u2026 Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 giao h\u00f2a t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (EN 14). C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf: mang Tin M\u1eebng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai m\u1edbi (EN 18). S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (EN 20).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            Tuy nhi\u00ean, loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng bao h\u00e0m \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u2013 theo c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng (EN 29). Nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ecdai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0o v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                            1. Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i M\u1ecdi S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3m Tr\u01b0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                              EN \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh, theo \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI, chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (EN 35).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, EN mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdai tr\u1eeb nhau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1nh chung, t\u1ee9c h\u00f2an t\u00f2an d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                              C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nho nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa Synod 1971 v\u00e0 EN li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi lb Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Synod 1971 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; EN th\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu<\/em> (EN 29). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0o trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                              1. C\u00e1c Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb Libertatis Nuntius<\/em> v\u00e0 Libertatis Conscientia<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1977, \u1ee6y Ban Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u0103ng Ti\u1ebfn Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00e0 \u01a0n C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hai Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb: Libertatis Nuntius <\/em>(th\u00e1ng 8, 1984), v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; v\u00e0 Libertatis Conscientia<\/em> (th\u00e1ng 3, 1986), v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf M\u1ef9 Latinh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u01a1i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 Latinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV, s\u1ed1 61-70). N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em>. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2an n\u00e0y trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng cho to\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (s\u1ed1 69).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, n\u00f3i chung, hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/em>, hay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> (tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 men v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean b\u00e1o.) Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eafm d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                Trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng minh nhi\u00ean, t\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb -(trong khi trong m\u1ed1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> hay gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/em> th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng minh nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i!)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                1. B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ebft: M\u1ed1i \u01afu Ti\u00ean D\u00e0nh Cho Vi\u1ec7c Rao Gi\u1ea3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                  Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean. Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft, hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng va ch\u1ea1m nhau: m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kia th\u00ec theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng; m\u1ed7i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  C\u0169ng trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Memorandum<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 H\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Vatican (th\u00e1ng 6, 1982) \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i K\u1ebft (Vancouver 1983): Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, khi m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                  S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG V\u00c0 H\u1ed8I NH\u1eacP V\u0102N H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  1. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                    Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u2018h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2019 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2an c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ecfai m\u00e1i \u2018nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u00e0\u2019. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf th\u1eddi h\u1eadu t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3: \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    Sau th\u1eddi Constantine, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2019. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba sai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n minh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n man di, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u2018v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao\u2019 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u2018v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p\u2019, \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1ea5y. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, th\u00ec s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                    Anh hu\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1eeba sai t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9. V\u00e0o l\u00fac t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf mang thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a; h\u1ecd \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u0103n h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    1. \u00dd Ni\u1ec7m Nh\u00e2n H\u1ecdc V\u1ec1 V\u0103n H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                      Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khai h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a (r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u2019) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa khai h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                      M\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00f2ai ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1; v\u0103n h\u00f3a Au Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi xuy\u00ean qua ti\u00e9n tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/a>[51]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                      Ad Gentes <\/em>kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (AG 22). N\u1ebfu Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                      1. Nhu C\u1ea7u Th\u00edch Nghi<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y \u2013 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c ng\u1ecdai b\u00ed t\u00edch, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                        1. a) s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018d\u1ec7t s\u1eb5n\u2019;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        2. b) s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        3. c) ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2018trung t\u00ednh\u2019 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi ng\u1ecdai gi\u00e1o \u2013 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        4. d) s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u2018to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n chia\u2019, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau hay th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 kh\u1ecfi nhau t\u00f9y \u00fd ta th\u00edch;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        5. e) th\u00edch \u1ee9ng hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb, trong khi \u1edf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong\u2019 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u1ed3i; Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng xa l\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        6. f) th\u00edch nghi hay th\u00edch \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00f9y \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        7. g) ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                        8. h) c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                          M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eeba sai C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Nobili v\u00e0 Ricci \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea9y s\u00e2u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c An \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa. Ngay c\u1ea3 B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 1622) \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 phong h\u00f3a\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang do b\u1edfi \u201cCu\u1ed9c Tranh Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 Nghi Th\u1ee9c\u201d, \u1edf An \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa. N\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u0103m 1744, m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t c\u1ea5m nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1773, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                          1. S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a Trong Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 20<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                            H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19: s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba; s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai n\u1eefa. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XV, trong T\u00f4ng th\u01b0 Maximum Illud <\/em>(1919), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u2018thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u2019 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Pi\u00f4 XI v\u00e0 Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf ng\u00f2ai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi th\u1eeba sai ra \u0111i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra \u0111i cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            Sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II, c\u00f3 hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1edf Trung Hoa, v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n (1949), \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eeba sai c\u0169; th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edf ra \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            T\u1ea1i Vatican II, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eafm; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Synod sau \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u00e0 sau Vatican II c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb. S\u1ef1 khai sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (BEC) t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb. V\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 A Ch\u00e2u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y; ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00edch nghi c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1960s m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Phi Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch nghi; v\u00e0 khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng 1974, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Phi Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0a ra Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u201cLoan B\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m\u201d, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u2018th\u00edch nghi\u2019 \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u2019<\/a>[52]<\/sup> \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Phi Ch\u00e2u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u2018Phi Ch\u00e2u h\u00f3a\u2019 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                            V\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u2018tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u2019, t\u1ee9c mang t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf Au Ch\u00e2u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u2018C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u00ednh\u2019 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (LG 13). C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a R\u00f4ma \u2013 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                            1. T\u1eeb Th\u00edch Nghi T\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a V\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                              Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111a nguy\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111a nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u2018qui Ch\u00e2u Au\u2019. \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai \u2013 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a (EN 20).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                              Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                              1. a) m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Au Ch\u00e2u;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                              2. b) \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng pha ph\u00f4i; lo\u1ea1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu; ngay c\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; ngay c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                              3. c) tuy nhi\u00ean, Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed song c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t;<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                                              4. d) EN kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c phc\u00fa \u00e2m h\u00f3a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. EN c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Tin M\u1eebng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a; l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i trong m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda sai nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong LG 13. Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi , m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 suy t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                1. H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a Kh\u00e1c V\u1edbi Th\u00edch \u01afng, Th\u00edch Nghi Hay \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (1) Kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. Trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, th\u00edch nghi hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018coi s\u00f3c\u2019 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. C\u00f2n trong h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00ec hai t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi xuy\u00ean qua h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (2) S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vatican II nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (LG 23. 26). \u1ede b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc hay truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00f2an b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh: x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (3) Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (4) H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qui lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u2018nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u2019; chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u2018kenotic\u2019 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed9ng ra, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (5) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u1eefa v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng trong khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, Tin M\u1eebng cung \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u201cs\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n linh\u201d; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, Tin M\u1eebng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. An d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi Ad Gentes r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u201cH\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf ri\u00eang\u201d (AG 22).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                  (6) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 EN 20 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ra v\u00e0 kit\u00f4 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang, v\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 khi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u00e0y bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                  1. Nh\u1eefng Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a, theo \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch mang Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea5y, v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                    Theo c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho t\u00f2an th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u2018h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u2019m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o; v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady, \u201c\u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.\u201d<\/a>[53]<\/sup> Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                    Tin M\u1eebng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o; v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Uy Ban S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng V\u00e0 Loan B\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng <\/em>ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00f2an th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a t\u00f2an c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c), v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t n\u00f3i \u2018Kh\u00f4ng\u2019 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng.<\/a>[54]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                    H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c th\u00ec Tin M\u1eebng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a; kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u2018t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi\u2019, l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1i c\u0169 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                    1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao V\u0103n H\u00f3a <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                      H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018fait accompli<\/em>\u2019. N\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i; c\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea7n l\u1eabn nhau; ch\u00fang g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1, l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh trong li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                      S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 \u2018\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (LG 23), tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u2018C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u00ednh\u2019 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d (LG 13). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n M\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                      1. H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n H\u00f3a V\u00e0 To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u H\u00f3a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                        D\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u.<\/a>[55]<\/sup> Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, mang m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        * *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG \u0110\u1ebeN V\u1edaI C\u00c1C D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        RAO GI\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ed0I<\/strong> TH\u1eccAI<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai s\u01a1 khai x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4<\/em>\u201d (Cv 4,12).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        N\u0103m 380, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Theodosius ra chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n R\u00f4ma ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (391). N\u0103m 1302, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Boniface tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Florence (1442) th\u00ec x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u201cextra ecclesiam nulla salus<\/em>\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Phaol\u00f4 r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9\u201d (1Tm 2,4). X\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh v\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        N\u0103m 1832, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gregory XVI b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ngu xu\u1ea9n. Trong n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1eefu, \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o; M\u00f4ham\u00e9t l\u00e0 Arius th\u1ee9 hai. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh di\u1ec5n ra. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u1edbi cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                        Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn (An, Ph\u1eadt, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o), nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i <\/em>h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Tin M\u1eebng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 <\/em>v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u2018Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadt\u2019, m\u1ed9t \u2018Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o An\u2019 (cf. Amaladoss M., Panikar R., Pieris A.)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                        1. V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 H\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                          Trong khi \u1edf th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 th\u00ec th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o? L\u00e0m sao \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng trung gian duy nh\u1ea5t, khi m\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng qui Kit\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4?<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                          Hans Kung kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean t\u00f4n l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/a>[56]<\/sup> Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nhau? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 Mah\u00f4m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                          R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c A Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? K. Rahner v\u00e0 Jacques Dupuis kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4.<\/a>[57]<\/sup><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                          1. Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Cho V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 H\u1ecdc Tr\u00ean<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                            Vatican II x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1edd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mu\u1ea7 nhi\u1ec7m V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (GS 22).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            Nh\u01b0ng Vatican II v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. D\u00f9 Vatican II l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (NA 2), C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t cho v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ng\u00f2ai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p<\/em> t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua<\/em> c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u xuy\u00ean qua t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4?<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00eau tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            -M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, hay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecdai tr\u1eeb;<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            -Hai l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, hay Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2an th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            -Ba l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, hay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m;<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            -B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, hay ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qui th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a suy t\u01b0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng r\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                            Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m<\/em> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/em>: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u201cm\u1edf\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t? C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 b\u1edfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/em> ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m<\/em>: L\u00e0m sao vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n ki\u00ean th\u1ee7 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu r\u1ed3i? Jacques Dupuis \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: bao g\u1ed3m<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/em>.<\/a>[58]<\/sup><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                            1. Nh\u1eefng H\u00e0m \u00dd C\u1ee7a \u0110a Nguy\u00ean T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o V\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                              (1) M\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes<\/em>: s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ad Gentes<\/em> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Nadar\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                              (2) M\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t cho t\u00f2an nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai v\u1ed1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                              1. Redemptoris Missio <\/em>Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Vatican II, RM kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00fd do s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhu c\u1ea7u cung \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00fd do cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb, m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng chia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (RM 11). C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c tin (RM 40). Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 trung gian duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9; v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ng\u00e0i cho m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u2013 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u1edfi m\u1edf m\u00ecnh ra v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 (RM 11). Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (RM 44). Vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai gi\u00fap kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd soi chi\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (RM 56). \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che l\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (RM 55). \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                1. \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ecdai V\u00e0 Rao Gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1ee5 Tr\u1ee3 Nhau <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                  \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c thay th\u1ebf cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u2018ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Socrates\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, theo ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng qua \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                  Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u2013 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. V\u00ec l\u1ebd n\u00e0y, khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 gieo n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y (RM 29).<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                  1. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ecdai <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi t\u00ednh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u2019 v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n\u2019. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1edfi m\u1edf ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con tim h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u00f3c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi <\/em>hay n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 cho <\/em>nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ta ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y nay Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc (kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i, Th\u00e1nh Kinh, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed), ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi n\u1eefa: c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c! Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hy sinh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong khi v\u1eabn l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta hi v\u1ecdng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ta song c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb h\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a\u2019 c\u00f2n h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u2018tr\u1eafng tay\u2019. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng; ta c\u1edfi gi\u00e0y m\u00ecnh ra, v\u00ec n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh (Kenneth Gragg).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ta l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ta, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban cho ta.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em> n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u2013 Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi An Gi\u00e1o hay Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u nhau. Ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi sinh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng y nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a nay. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu t\u00f3m trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c? M\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vatican II ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh trong hai kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9\u201d; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ng\u00f2ai \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi; v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n khi Ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    *   *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng X<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG \u1ede \u00c1 CH\u00c2U NG\u00c0Y NAY:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                    M\u1ed8T KI\u00ca\u1ee6 TH\u1ee8C TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC S\u1ee8 M\u1ea0NG M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                      \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Hai ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng sau hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 4%).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (FABC) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ri\u00eang trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng do FABC ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, FABC kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ba m\u1eb7t: v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u00e0m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a FABC: missio inter gentes<\/em> (\u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n) thay cho m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng missio ad gentes<\/em> (\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o C\u1eafm R\u1ec5 Trong Khung C\u1ea3nh \u0110a D\u1ea1ng T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o \u01a0 A Ch\u00e2u <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 FABC ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong gi\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 2000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u2013 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Hy La, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a La m\u00e3, Germanic, Celtic, Gallic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a Au Ch\u00e2u kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau. \u01a0 Au Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb<\/em>. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf Au Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kit\u00f4 h\u00f3a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201cchinh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5\u201d; Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. R\u1ed3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Peter C. Phan \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng\u201d.<\/a>[59]<\/sup> V\u1eady Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng FABC t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t \u2018tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i\u2019 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, FABC \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u00f2an c\u1ea3nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u2018tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i\u2019 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng FABC l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[60]<\/sup> V\u1ec1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u2013 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d FABC c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cr\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ng\u00f2ai ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, song \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. An s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/a>[61]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                        \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, FABC nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i nguy c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i <\/em>v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan<\/em>. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng \u0110\u1eb7c Tr\u00e1ch C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Quan T\u00e2m Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc <\/em>c\u1ee7a FABC gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quan hay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u2013 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t ngang nhau! Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf; v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/a>[62]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                        1. S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng X\u00e9t Nh\u01b0 Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ecdai V\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i Ba M\u1eb7t C\u1ee7a A Ch\u00e2u: T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, V\u0103n H\u00f3a, V\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ngh\u00e8o \u0110\u00f3i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                          Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, FABC \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ba m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u: t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FABC, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng,<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[63]<\/sup> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u201cc\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/a>[64]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                          \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi FABC c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai kh\u00f4ng che l\u1ea5p nhu c\u1ea7u loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edf ra cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c minh nhi\u00ean rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n sinh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[65]<\/sup> Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c rao gi\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. V\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u2013 theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u2013 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, loan b\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                          H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 FABC l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m: hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[66]<\/sup> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, loan b\u00e1o hay rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, sau hai th\u00e1ng suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 T\u00f4ng Hu\u1ea5n Ecclesia In Asia<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u201cch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u: \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n danh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra Tin M\u1eebng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khi h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1ebb trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[67]<\/sup><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rao Gi\u1ea3ng Xuy\u00ean Qua \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ecdai<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            Uy Ban T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u1ee7a FABC trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u C\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ec1 V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed1i Th\u1ecdai Li\u00ean T\u00f4n <\/em>(1987) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed1t thi\u1ebft, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1edfi m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1i kia. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n t\u00ednh ri\u00eang \u2013 trong t\u00f2an b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng. Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong khi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a rao gi\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            Ba chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean t\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; rao gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ba chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, FABC tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[68]<\/sup> V\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, rao gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, FABC \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau; \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o \u2013 v\u00ec c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[69]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, FABC kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00eann tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng; nh\u01b0ng FABC n\u00eau b\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Rao gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch\u2019 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Trong t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1ebb s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[70]<\/sup> Michael Amaladoss th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[71]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa h\u00f3a b\u1edfi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ki\u00eau c\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. V\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e3nh th\u1eafng th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi linh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                            Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng \u2018tr\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u2019, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u2018tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf\u2019 \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u2018m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u\u2019. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u00e3n quan c\u1ee7a FABC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u\u2019 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u\u2019.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                            1. M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau Ch\u00ednh C\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng: X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                              Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u00e0nh \u0111ai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh qua N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u00e1o-H\u1ed9i-\u0111\u1ec3-ph\u1ee5c-v\u1ee5-cho-N\u01b0\u1edbc-Thi\u00ean-Ch\u00faa<\/em>. N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0m cho N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u2018c\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng\u2019 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y. FABC gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00e0 cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng do s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. \u01a0 \u0111\u00e2u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng\u2026 th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[72]<\/sup> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Uy Ban T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc <\/em>1991 n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cTri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u00ecn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u2018regnocentric\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi \u2018christocentric\u2019 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u2018regnocentric\u2019 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018christocentrism\u2019, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                              V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ccon t\u00e0u c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t\u2019 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong \u2013 nh\u01b0 men trong b\u1ed9t \u2013 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1eafm hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong khi kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                              1. H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1edbi M\u1ed9t \u201cCu\u1ed9c Loan B\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng V\u00e0 To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb T\u00f2an Th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 c\u1ee7a FABC: \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u2013 qua \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai \u2013 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong m\u1ed9t \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/em>\u201d<\/a>[73]<\/sup> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u201cnh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u h\u1ecdp trong h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em>.\u201d Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ch\u00ednh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                Trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb T\u00f2an Th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb m\u1edbi \u201cloan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp l\u00f2ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                Trong 30 n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u0103n t\u00ednh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau: loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, vv. Ng\u00e0y nay, sau 30 n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n <\/em>ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2018m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u2019. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con tim c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, trong li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh ch\u1ecb em Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m.<\/a>[74]<\/sup><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                1. Missio Inter Gentes<\/em>: M\u1ed9t Ki\u1ec3u Th\u1ee9c M\u1edbi Trong Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng C\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p C\u00e1c H\u0110GM \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  (1) Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  FABC kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ta ph\u1ea3i vui v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb vui bu\u1ed3n s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai li\u00ean t\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Assisi, th\u00ec c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong \u2018khung c\u1ea3nh Assisi\u2019 \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn Assisi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, th\u00ec c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/em> v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  (2) H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u2018missio inter gentes\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  C\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u201cmissio inter gentes<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a FABC \u2013 v\u00ec h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1eefa. H\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u2018missio inter gentes<\/em>\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi William R. Burrows trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Michael Amaladoss \u201c\u0110a Nguy\u00ean T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o V\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c Rao Gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 Trong Khung C\u1ea3nh \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/em>\u201d t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ni\u00ean l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 56 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o M\u1ef9 (Milwaukee, 2001). Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Peter C. Phan c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf cho \u2018missio ad gentes<\/em>\u2019 khi \u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i trong \u2018th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi\u2019.<\/a>[75]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  (3) T\u00ednh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a FABC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u2018s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa<\/em> c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2019, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u2018sai ra \u0111i\u2019 xem ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c n\u1eefa \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 \u2018qu\u00e1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt\u2019, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\u2019, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/a>[76]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a FABC \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 missio inter gentes<\/em> x\u00e9t theo m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u2013 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd b\u1ecf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 theo Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  N\u00f3i t\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 FABC hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u2018missio inter gentes<\/em>\u2019 (s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c) \u2013 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ba m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n danh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Missio Ad Gentes<\/em> \u0110\u1ed1i Chi\u1ebfu V\u1edbi Misio Inter Gentes<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u<\/em>. Tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, FABC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 mang Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u2013 t\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, hi v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. FABC c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba sai.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes<\/em> t\u1eadp ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>, c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em>, v\u00e0 ai <\/em>c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes<\/em> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i<\/em>. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, FABC xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>, c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em> v\u00e0 ai<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 FABC t\u1eadp ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u2013 t\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i chung, missio ad gentes <\/em>kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, xem t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. S\u1edf d\u0129 th\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes <\/em>c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong khung c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Au Ch\u00e2u \u2013 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea1nh tranh r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    N\u00f3i ri\u00eang, missio ad gentes <\/em>gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u00f3 Au Ch\u00e2u (hay R\u00f4ma) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai Au Ch\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o hay c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngu d\u1ed1t c\u00f2n \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, missio ad gentes <\/em>d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi, xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng minh nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a missio ad gentes <\/em>l\u00e0: cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Tin M\u1eebng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m hi v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f2ai Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes<\/em>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh suy di\u1ec5n, r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean can tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng<\/em> coi s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u00fd do n\u0103m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng b\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin ti\u1ec1n-Th\u00e1nh-Kinh t\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 t\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, FABC xem \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean khung c\u1ea3nh \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em> h\u01a1n. Trong khi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a rao gi\u1ea3ng, FABC \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a FABC t\u1eadp ch\u00fa tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp <\/em><\/strong>c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o trong<\/em><\/strong> c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ec7nh danh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 missio inter gentes <\/em>\u2013 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa<\/em> c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, FABC nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FABC, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, FABC nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a FABC, t\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ba m\u1eb7t<\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1edbi<\/em> (ad) nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa<\/em> (inter) c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. N\u00f3i ri\u00eang, FABC \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em>. V\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00ean c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018Kit\u00f4\u2019 theo ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FABC, c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u00e2n danh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng, hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00e3nh th\u1eafng tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, mang s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes<\/em> g\u00e1n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 hay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, th\u00ec FABC ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh<\/em> (qualitative approach) nh\u1eafm t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, FABC ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u00e0n chi\u00ean nh\u1ecf\u201d trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111a nguy\u00ean \u2013 trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c missio ad gentes <\/em>m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 thu t\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    Trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, FABC x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em>.\u201d<\/a>[77]<\/sup><\/p>\n

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                                                                                                                                                                                    1. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a FABC kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean hay t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i r\u00eca, di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FABC, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\u2019, m\u1ed9t \u2018s\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u\u2019 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00edn l\u00fd hay nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c missio inter gentes <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, FABC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FABC, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi <\/em>\u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng coi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng inter gentes <\/em>c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu: \u0111em N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a FABC, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa xuy\u00ean qua ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai ba m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng (pre-evangelization).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, FABC ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em>, xuy\u00ean qua s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a FABC, nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, FABC d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kho t\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a missio inter gentes<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa Tin M\u1eebng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ba m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u: c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n b\u1edfi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. FABC xem \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai v\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu; c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecdai c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhau, hi\u1ec3u nhau h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XI (ph\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      T\u1ea6M NH\u00ccN TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 M\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u2013<\/strong>\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u00e1p <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      b\u1ee9c; Ng\u00e0i ban l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      (Tv 146,7)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u2013<\/strong>Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, cao qu\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u2013 <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      h\u00f3a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, Calcutta, 1978<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      N<\/strong>h\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edbt \u2018c\u1eadn th\u1ecb\u2019 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i kh\u00e9o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khung c\u1ea3nh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u00f4n. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201cVui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u01b0u s\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u01b0u s\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.\u201d V\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t n\u00e0y ngay trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00f2ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi H\u00f4m Nay, do C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1965, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o hay \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La Tinh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, h\u00ecnh dung Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 li\u00ean can v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La Tinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, trong khi nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00fang s\u1ea3n sinh hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 3 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. Ch\u1eb7ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed qua m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u1eadn r\u00eca xa c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng trong \u201cv\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.\u201d \u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, c\u1edb g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m kia ch\u1ee9? \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng \u201cth\u1ee5t l\u00f9i\u201d \u0111\u00f3 sao? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u00ec bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc? \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f3 sao? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 sao? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i R\u00f4ma gi\u1eef ngai to\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/em> \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 sao? V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ecb qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ee9c tin. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qui t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung. C\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i tr\u00e0n lan, s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ee5c ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng nhau suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y: \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, c\u0103n t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c). M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa gi\u00fap c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nhau. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc cao hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n s\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ea7y\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Chi\u1ebfc ki\u1ec1ng ba ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, suy t\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u1edf \u2018ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh radar R\u00f4ma. C\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 v\u00e0 1980 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 Vatican \u0111ang m\u1ea3i ch\u0103m ch\u00fa d\u00f2 x\u00e9t Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La Tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu mu\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u00ecnh h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0: tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u00edn th\u00e1c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o h\u00f4m nay cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb \u1edf R\u00f4ma nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng minh nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cV\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng\u2026\u201d Loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/em> v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/em> \u201crao gi\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t theo ngh\u0129a rao gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cD\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd rao gi\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd rao gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng, n\u00eau ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.\u201d Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng. N\u00f3 qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Nh\u00e3n quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 r\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng tham d\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u0103n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn khi\u00eam h\u1ea1. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u1eafm t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p, nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edf. N\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, hay s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/em> \u2013 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb cho nhau c\u00e1c \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 hay m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu chi ph\u1ed1i. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1eadu T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ca ng\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00ec t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n xem ra m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e2m <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o, hay Th\u00e1i C\u1ef1c. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau, hay hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u00e2m-d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau trong t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, Tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026; \u00e2m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026 M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c: Tr\u1eddi sinh ra c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0111\u1ea5t sinh ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c \u00e2m. S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ea3y ra theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n ra theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u00e2m. \u00c2m sinh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh \u00e2m, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb hay \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh xuy\u00ean qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nay \u0111ang g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda kia c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 hai n\u1eeda n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/em>, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong ng\u00e0n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba sau \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4? C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 manh m\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u201cb\u1eafc c\u1ea7u\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u2013 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u2013 c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eabn con \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. C\u0169ng xin li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8<\/strong> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3 t\u1ec9; \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, con s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e0nh 6 t\u1ec9, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 9 t\u1ec9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi sinh ra \u2013 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u2013 s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 t\u1ec9 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 6 t\u1ec9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, v\u00e0 Nam Trung \u00c1 \u2013 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 2 M\u1ef9 Kim m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i th\u00eam g\u1ea7n 1 t\u1ec9 mi\u1ec7ng \u0103n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u2013 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1. \u1ede \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111ang b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n. T\u00ednh g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t \u00edt so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong 50 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 8 t\u1ec9. H\u1ed1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1eadt ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 21, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 1\/5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 65 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 1\/5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 225 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 60 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 M\u1ef9 kim, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a 2,5 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/a>[78]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a FABC n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vi\u1ebft: \u201cCu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.\u201d Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/a>[79]<\/sup> Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Aloysius Pieris, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n ho\u00e1. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/a>[80]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      K\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ec1 V\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 21\u201d t\u1ea1i Pattaya, Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1997, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Orlando Quevedo c\u1ee7a Cotabato, Philippines, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Philippines, trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ec5 b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: N\u00ean th\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2026 C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn, gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi.<\/a>[81]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8<\/strong> To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong suy t\u01b0. \u1ede \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u2013 d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng \u2013 v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u201d kinh t\u1ebf \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn (m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gia nh\u1eadp n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u) h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o m\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t. G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 hay ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u bao nhi\u00eau hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01a1. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 FABC l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u1edf Bangkok v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Trong khi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u2026 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c si\u00eau \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang lan r\u1ed9ng, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201c\u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eeba t\u1ee5c ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba duy v\u1eadt\u201d, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u201cthi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong> qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, t\u1ee5c ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i sai<\/em> \u2013 d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sai<\/em> hay ch\u1ec9 do h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 sai<\/em>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1eadt v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Khi c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Pakistan, Indonesia, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 Philippines. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001. Th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u0169 trang ch\u0129a s\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bahawalpur, Pakistan, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 15 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo sau vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3m Afghanistan, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 do Washington ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u2013 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u2013 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00ec ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 hai d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o-H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhau t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 Bangkok n\u0103m 2000, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch,\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i canh t\u00e2n,\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,\u201d l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1edd s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cr\u00fat l\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.\u201d C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 giai c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0u da, ni\u1ec1m tin hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00eanh li\u00ean l\u1ea1c m\u00e0, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu \u0111i b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8<\/strong> Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7; tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 lo t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thu t\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng tr\u00e0n lan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, do Qu\u0129 Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Xem ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng n\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Philippines, \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1edd tinh th\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft. Khi Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rao gi\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, th\u1eadt \u00fd ngh\u0129a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u cho ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u00f4n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.\u201d Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a FABC.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u00f4n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1ed1n \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c suy t\u01b0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i lan tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 bao d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra r\u00eca. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n ba th\u1eadp ni\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Philippines, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f9ng \u0111inh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u201cn\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, d\u00e2n \u1ed5 chu\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.\u201d Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb minjung<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2013 v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u00e0n tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa quan ph\u00f2ng. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Aristotes (ho\u1eb7c A ho\u1eb7c B<\/em>), m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u00e2m-d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f9 (v\u1eeba A v\u1eeba B<\/em>). Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chung c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/a>[82]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka Aloysius Pieris \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 hay c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1eadp theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt g\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ki\u1ec3u cao h\u01a1n \/ th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \/ x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n<\/em>. T\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngang nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9u ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/a>[83]<\/sup><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n ngh\u00e8o m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8 \u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Rao Gi\u1ea3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ecdn \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ba m\u1eb7t\u201d l\u00e0m n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ba m\u1eb7t<\/em>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kho t\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u01a1i c\u00e1c kho t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ho\u00e1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trao cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trao cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 trao cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khai tr\u00ed. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m chinh ph\u1ee5c hay c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o cho b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng C\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c tin. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u0103m ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau chen l\u1eabn trong nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb cho nhau nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n. Th\u1ee9 hai: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9 ba: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, trong l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8 Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u2018\u0103n c\u1ee5c n\u00f3i h\u00f2n\u2019. Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. L\u00ean ti\u1ebfng nh\u00e2n danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0103n n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, xem ra kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf ra ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1n-li\u00ean-k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan h\u1eadu-li\u00ean-k\u1ebft. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ho\u00e0 tan v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ri\u00eang h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, c\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1eabn b\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi Ch\u00e2u, g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha, hay g\u1ed1c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u2013 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng nay th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 do \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n \u0111ang nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111an k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1\u201d \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u1ef1c ra h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u201c\u0111a s\u1ed1\u201d trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u), khi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd, do c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ngay trong l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho nh\u00f3m C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c R\u00f4ma t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La Tinh sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, h\u1ebft v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Synod \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u2013 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu tin c\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c s\u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh chung m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb. <\/em><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \u25d8 Linh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0o trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, khi suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, trong kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/a>[84]<\/sup> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u cung \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u. \u201cS\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1edd c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c dung h\u1ee3p, tinh th\u1ea7n bao dung, thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf. Th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/a>[85]<\/sup> Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa<\/em>.<\/a>[86]<\/sup> C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/em>\u201d C\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f2n th\u00eam: \u201cnh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa<\/em>.\u201d Ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng am h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00ednh \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch quan ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u00f4i? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 phi l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 sai c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng minh tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? H\u00e0m \u1ea9n trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u \u2013 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian \u2013 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ra v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y th\u00e1p Babel, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u2013 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Trong h\u00ecnh dung \u201cc\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u cung \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i sang T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eeba m\u1edbi v\u1eeba c\u0169, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1eeba l\u1ea1 v\u1eeba quen, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi. Sau v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa; \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y \u0111ang c\u00f2n ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng. H\u1ecd g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. OJ<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      * *<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[1] David J. Bosch, \u201cTheological Education in Missionary Perspective<\/em>\u201d trong Missiology Vol. 10 (1982), pp. 13-34.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[2] Cf. J. Verkuyl, Contemporary Missiology: An Introduction, Grand Rapids<\/em>, 1978, pp. 164-175.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[3] Cf. Newbigin, The Finality of Christ<\/em>, London 1969.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[4] R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0: D.M. Paton, Christian Missions and the Judgment of God<\/em>, London 1953; R.K. Orchard, Missions in a Time of Testing<\/em>, London 1964; J.A.Scherer, Missionary, Go Home<\/em>, London 1964; R.Dodge, The Unpopular Missionary<\/em>, London 1964; J. Carden, The Ugly Missionary<\/em>; J. Heissing, Christian Mission: The Selfish War<\/em>, SVD., vol 22, pp. 363-386.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[5] Cf. H. Godin & Y. Daniel, France, Pays de Mission?<\/em> Paris 1943.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[6] Cf. M. Stackhouse, Apologia: Contextualization, Globalization, and Mission in Theological Education<\/em>, Grand Rapids 1988, p. 189.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[7] W.D. Davies, Worship and Mission<\/em>, London 1966, p.33.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[8] Cf. G. Gassmann, The Church as Sacrament, Sign and Instrument: The Reception of this Ecclesiological Understanding in Ecumenical Debate<\/em>, trong Limouris 1986, pp.1-17.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[9] Cf. F. Hahn, Mission in the New Testament<\/em>, London 1965; D.J. Bosch, Witness to the World: The Christian Mission in Theological Perspective<\/em>, Atlanta 1980.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[10] Cf. D. Stanley, Jesus, Savior of Mankind<\/em>, trong Studia Missionalia, vol 29, pp.57-84.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[11] Cf. L. Goppelt, Theology of the New Testament<\/em>, vol 1, Grand Rapids 1981, 207-213; B.F. Meyer, The Early Christians<\/em>, p. 62.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[12] Cf. D. Senior, The Foundations for Mission in the New Testament<\/em>, trong D. Senior, CP & C. Stuhlmueller, CP, The Biblical Foundations for Mission<\/em>, Maryknoll, NY 1983, p.154.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[13] A. Nolan, Jesus Before Christianity<\/em>, Maryknoll, NY 1976, pp. 21-29.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[14] Cf. L. Schottroff & W. Stegemann, Jesus and the Hope for the Poor<\/em>, Maryknoll 1986, p.36.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[15] Cf. D. Senior, CP & C. Stuhlmueller, CP, The Biblical Foundations for Mission<\/em>, pp. 148ff.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[16] Cf. J.M. Lochman, Church and World in the Light of the Kingdom<\/em>, trong Limouris, 1986, pp. 58-72.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[17] Cf. J. Moltmann, Theology of Hope<\/em>, New York 1967, p.193.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[18] Cf. L. Goppelt, Theology of the New Testament<\/em>, vol 1, Grand Rapids 1981, pp. 208ff.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[19] Cf. Senior & Stuhlmueller, The Biblical Foundations for Mission<\/em>, p. 158.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[20] Cf. E. Schweizer, Jesus<\/em>, Richmond 1971, pp.13ff.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[21] Cf. Alfred Loisy, The Gospel and the Church<\/em>, Philadelphia 1976, p.166.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[22] Cf. Hahn, Mission in the New Testament<\/em>, London 1965, pp. 167ff.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[23] Cf. J.M. Lochman, Church and World in the Light of the Kingdom<\/em>, trong Limouris 1986, pp. 58-72.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[24] Cf. D.J. Bosch, The Structure of Mission: An Exposition of Matthew 28: 16-20<\/em>, trong Wilbert R. Shenk (ed.) Exploring Church Growth<\/em>, Grand Rapids 1983, pp. 218-220.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[25] Cf. J. Matthey, The Great Commission according to Matthew<\/em>, trong International Review of Mission, vol 69, 1980, pp.161-173.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[26] Cf. D. Senior, CP v\u00e0 C. Stuhlmuller, CP, The Biblical Foundations for Mission<\/em>, p. 277.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[27] Cf. R.J. Dilon, Easter Revelation and Mission Program in Luke 24: 46-48<\/em>, trong D. Durken (ed.) Sin, Salvation and the Spirit<\/em>, Collegeville 1979, pp. 252.26.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[28] Cf. E.H. Scheffler, Sufferings in Luke\u2019s Gospel<\/em>, University of Pretoria 1988, pp. 57-108.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[29] Cf. Lochman, ibid., p. 66.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[30] Cf. J.M. Ford, My Enemy is My Guest: Jesus and Violence in Luke<\/em>, Orbis Books, NY 1984, p. 137.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[31] Cf. L. Schottroff & W. Stegemann, Jesus and the Hope of the Poor<\/em>, Orbis Books, NY 1986, p. 117.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[32] Cf. Senior v\u00e0 Stuhlmuller, ibid<\/em>., p. 161.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[33] Cf. L. Legrand, Unity and Plurality: Mission in the Bible<\/em>, Orbis Books 1990, pp. 156-158.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[34] Kunhn, T.S., The Structure of Scientific Revolution<\/em>, Chicago 1970; Kung, Hans & Tracy, David, Paradigm Change in Theology<\/em>, New York 1989.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[35] Cf. Anastasios of Androusa, The Purpose and Motive of Mission<\/em>, trong Review of Mission vol 54 1965, pp. 281-297.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[36] Cf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Pelagius v\u00e0 Donatus, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Cyprian\u00f4: extra ecclesiam nulla salus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[37] Cf. C. Erdmann, The Origin of the Idea of Crusade<\/em>, Princeton 1977, p.9.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[38] Cf. L. Newbigin, Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture<\/em>, Geneva 1986, p.129.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[39] Cf. L. Newbigin, Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture, Geneva 1986, p. 14.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[40] Cf. CH. West, The Power to be Human: Toward a Secular Theology, New York 1971, p. 52.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[41] Cf. B. Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Oxford 1970, pp. 75-78: \u201cWhat makes a belief true is a fact; and this fact does not in any way involve the mind of the person who has the belief.\u201d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[42] Cf. L. Newbigin, Foolishness to the Greeks<\/em>, p. 118.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[43] Cf. Muller, K., Mission theology: An Introduction<\/em>, Saint Augustine: Steyler Verlag 1987, pp. 35-38.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[44] Cf. D.J. Bosch, Transforming Mission<\/em>, p. 390.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[45] Cf. J. Ukpong, What is Contextualization?<\/em>, trong eue Zeitschrift fur Mission-swissenschaft, vol 43 (1987), pp. 161-168; R.J. Schreiter, Constructing Local Theologies<\/em>, Orbis Books, NY 1985.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[46] Cf. P. Frostin, Liberation in Tanzania and South Africa, A First World Perspective<\/em>, Lund 1988.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[47] Cf. J.L. Segundo, The Liberation of Theology<\/em>, Orbis Books, NY 1976.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[48] Cf. M.L. Lamb, Solidarity with Victims: Towards a Theology of Social Transformation<\/em>, Crossroad, NY 1982.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[49] Cf. J. Moltmann, The Experiment Hope<\/em>, London 1975, pp. 1-4.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[50] Cf. F. Gomez, Signs of the Times<\/em>, trong East Asian Pastoral Review vol 26 (1989), pp. 365-386.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[51] Cf. Kraft, C. H., Christianity and Culture<\/em>, Orbis Books, NY 1979<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[52] Cf. Butturini, Le nuove vie del Vangelo. I vescovi africai parlano a tutta la chiesa<\/em>, Bologna 1975.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[53] M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a, d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng. Cf. Amaladoss, M., The Challenges of Mission Today<\/em>, trong W. Jenkinson \u2013 H. O\u2019Sullivan, Trends in Mission Toward the 3rd<\/sup> Millennium<\/em>, Orbis Books, New York, 1991, pp. 359-397.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[54] M. Amaladoss kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng: \u201cV\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\u201d Cf. Mission and Prophecy<\/em>, trong J.A. Scherer \u2013 S.B. Bevans (eds.) New Directions in Mission and Evangelization 2: Theological Foundation<\/em>, Orbis Books, New York 1992, pp. 64-72.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[55] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi A. Pieris, \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi qua m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda hai m\u1eb7t: trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Cf. Inculturation in Non-Semitic Asia<\/em>, trong The Month <\/em>no. 1420, pp. 83-87.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[56] Cf. Kung, H., Christianity and World Religions: Dialogue with Islam<\/em>, trong Toward a Universal Theology of Religion<\/em>, Leonard Swilder, ed., Orbis Books, NY 1987, p. 194.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[57] Cf. Dupuis, J., A Theological Commentary: Dialogue and Proclamation<\/em>, trong Redemption and Dialogue<\/em>, Williams R. Borrows ed., Orbis Books 1983, p. 123<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[58] Cf. Dupuis, J., Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism <\/em>(Orbis Books, NY 1997)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[59] Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Peter Phan trong b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch Introducing Theologies of Religions <\/em>c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Paul Knitter. <\/em>Xem Horizons 30 (2003), p. 117.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[60] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p.14.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[61] Ibid., p. 115.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[62] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 3, p. 334.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[63] Ibid., p. 111.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[64] Michael Amaladoss, The Challenges of Mission Today<\/em>, trong Trends in Mission: Toward the Third Millennium<\/em> (Maryknoll: Orbis 1991), p. 362.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[65] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p. 282.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[66] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p. 280.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[67] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 3, pp. 12-13.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[68] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 2, p. 158.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[69] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p. 120.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[70] Felix Wilfred, Inculturation As A Hermeneutical Question<\/em>, trong Vidyajyoti 52 (1988), p. 427.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[71] Michael Amaladoss, Missionary Challenges in Asia<\/em>, trong Jeevadhara 30 (2000), p. 340.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[72] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p. 252.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[73] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 1, p. 282.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[74] For All the Peoples of Asia<\/em>, vol. 3, p. 8.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[75] Peter C. Phan, The Mission of God: Its Challenges and Demands in Today\u2019s World<\/em>, trong East Asian Pastoral Review 42, p. 124.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[76] Donal Dorr, Mission in Today\u2019s World<\/em>, (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis, 2000), p. 189.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[77] Asian Colloquium on Ministries in the Church<\/em>, Art. 14.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[78] Christian Science Monitor<\/em>, November 6, 1998, section 1.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[79] Tissa Balasuriya, \u201cTheologian Asks More from BABD as New Century Dawns,\u201d Asia Focus<\/em>, January 6, 1995, 8.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[80] Aloysius Pieris, \u201cInculturation: Some Critical Reflections,\u201d Vidyajyoti<\/em> 57 (1993): 645.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[81] \u201cColloquium on Church in Asia in the 21st<\/sup> Century\u201d (Office of Human Development, Manila, Philippines), 502.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[82] Edmund Chia, F.S.C., \u201cDialogue with Religions of Asia, Challenges from Within,\u201d paper presented at SEDOS Annual Research Seminar, Rome, May 19-23, 1998. (1) (Part II).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[83] Ibid.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[84] Gaudencio B. Rosales, D.D., v\u00e0 C.G. Ar\u00e9valo, S.J., eds. For All the Peoples of Asia: Federation of Asian Bishops\u2019 Conferences Documents from 1970 to 1991, Vol. 1<\/em> (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books; Quezon City, Philippines: Claretian Publications, 1997).<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[85] Ibid., Final Statement of the Tenth Bishops\u2019 Institute for Interreligious Affairs, 1:314, par. 6-9; Report on the Assembly of the First Bishops\u2019 Institute for Interreligious Affairs, 1:247ff.<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      <\/a>[86] Ibid., 1:249ff.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                                                                                      Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, PSS So\u1ea1n theo An Introduction to Missiology c\u1ee7a Domingo Moraleda, CMF (ICLA\/Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, 2004-2005); c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,8,50,46,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-le-cong-duc","category-the-gioi","category-thien-phong","category-truyen-giao","category-dai-chung-vien-hue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30117"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30126,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30117\/revisions\/30126"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}