Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh c\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Th\u00e0nh Thai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh sau c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 Truy\u1ec1n Tin v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh Thai c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gioan T\u1ea9y gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u2018panhagia\u2019<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean qua \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Maria kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb trong t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u00e0m \u00fd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t<\/em> c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/em> tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a trong l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi fomes peccati<\/em> (s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n), kh\u00f4ng<\/em> ph\u1ea3i \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai<\/em> c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4<\/a><\/a>[1] v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Bonaventura.[2] Theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em> Maria<\/em> Th\u00e1nh Thi\u1ec7n<\/em> kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh thai, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n John Duns Scotus, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc D\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Maria c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh thai, nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef cho kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ban \u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u1ecfi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Duns Scotus kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0a ra lo\u1ea1i suy sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu, theo gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u01a1n khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef cho kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u01a1n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cho kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5? [3] Theo Scotus, \u2018ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb phi ch\u00fang ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5\u2019. [4] V\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 v\u00e0 16, s\u1ef1 gi\u1eb1ng co ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m\u2019 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2018v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m\u2019 [t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean]. Cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria Th\u00e0nh Thai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf R\u00f4ma. Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 \u2018V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m\u2019 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n danh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m\u2019, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m\u2019. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u2018Sollicitudo<\/em>\u2019 do Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Alexander VII c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1661, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef cho kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8.12.1854, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 IX \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Maria Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria Di\u1ec5m Ph\u00fac ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh thai, nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. [5]<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1ecb hoen nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5; tuy nhi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Maria nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh thai.<\/p>\n Trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua (thu\u1ed9c n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u2013 x\u00e9t theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ecfi \u0111i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ebd h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. [6]<\/p>\n Khi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 IX trong S\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 \u2018Ineffabilis Deus<\/em>\u2019, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u2013 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u2013 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n (1) Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (t\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng) c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m<\/em>. C\u01a1 s\u1edf Th\u00e1nh Kinh duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 suy ng\u1eabm h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu t\u00ednh trinh khi\u1ebft<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u2013 v\u1edbi tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/em> xuy\u00ean qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ban n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Con c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u2018Th\u00e1nh\u2019 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao \u2013 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/em> n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1eadu T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria nh\u01b0 \u2018Eva m\u1edbi\u2019, nh\u01b0 \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef\u2019, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018panhag\u00eda<\/em>\u2019, \u0111\u1ea5ng \u2018to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh\u2019. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh b\u00e9n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7?<\/p>\n (2) Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m<\/em>. T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sai l\u1ea1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 theo ngh\u0129a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/em> r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u2018vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i\u2019, hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c n\u00e0o t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2019.[7] Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh cho m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u2019 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u2018trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu\u2019, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (GS, s\u1ed1 19). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria<\/em>, xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qui chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5<\/em> l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0110\u1ee9c Maria<\/em> kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i suy t\u01b0 ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n – T\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – T\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a A\u0111am ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a A\u0111am ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui g\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang ta \u2018t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2019.<\/p>\n – T\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n – T\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 (peccatum originale originatum<\/em>), l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0, x\u00e9t c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (peccatum originale originans<\/em>). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef lu\u00e2n l\u00fd chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ea5u xa t\u1eadn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, theo lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em> m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n – Ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7<\/em> ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u1ed1t \u1edf vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u2018kh\u00f4ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u2018kh\u00f4ng\u2019 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u2013 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u2018kh\u00f4ng\u2019 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i th\u00eam b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1ng ra kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra! N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa! V\u00ec th\u1ebf ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n – Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/em>: \u2018\u00c2n s\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed\u2019 (GS, s\u1ed1 22); \u2018B\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 (GS s\u1ed1 22); \u2018Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2019 (GS s\u1ed1 11). Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u2019 tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 cho m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u1ea5y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u2018vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cho kh\u1ecfi v\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5\u2019 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n – Ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n th\u1ebf ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria), v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang, th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Con m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n – Trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh thai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o li\u00ean can v\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e1n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i g\u00e1n cho m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do b\u1edfi t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a A\u0111am.<\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea1m, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u2019theo c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i suy\u2019 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Karl Rahner).<\/p>\n – N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed3ng ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/em> kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trung gian x\u1ea5u nh\u1edd \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft qua Con c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng ra kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u2013 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u2018ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u2019 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n Theo s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u2018b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c theo ngh\u0129a \u2018lu\u00e2n l\u00fd-t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p\u2019: Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, qua cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u2018\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u00fang ta\u2019 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Cha. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ban \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Cha \u2018d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u2019. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u2018Alpha v\u00e0 \u00d4m\u00eaga\u2019; \u2018m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng nh\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019; \u2018tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Abraham, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Con c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y: S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng, v\u1edbi \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 B\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria.<\/p>\n X\u00e1c t\u00edn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u2018C\u00f3\u2019. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u2018truy ngu\u1ed3n\u2019. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u1edf Israel c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt \u2018t\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean\u2019, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt nh\u1eafm g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau Israel \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m hay \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf. Sau khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u2018d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2019, Israel \u0111i t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng th\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean hay nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh<\/em> truy ngu\u1ed3n <\/em>v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Israel. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Israel \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n\u2019. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho cu\u1ed9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Israel \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Giav\u00edt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt t\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean \u2018m\u1edbi\u2019, m\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong \u2018nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh truy ngu\u1ed3n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a M\u00e1tth\u00eau v\u00e0 Luca. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 suy g\u1eabm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u2018truy ngu\u1ed3n\u2019 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n (l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu) ban cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc truy ngu\u1ed3n\u2019. Xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1n m\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Khi t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong Tin M\u1eebng, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/em> (theo c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed) v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (\u2018trong \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2019; \u2018Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9\u2019), th\u00ec \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u2013 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1eady theo l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u2013 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, trong \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh tuy\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n T\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u2019 (Ep 1,4), th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0a ti\u1ebfng \u2018v\u00e2ng\u2019 hay \u2018fiat\u2019 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u2018n\u1eef t\u1eed v\u1eefng tin\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee7ng \u00e1i\u2019 tr\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edf l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ngoan ngo\u00e3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u2018v\u00e2ng\u2019 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n – N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm \u2013 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u2018Eva m\u1edbi\u2019, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u2018Eva c\u0169\u2019 n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i? L\u00e0m sao \u0110\u1ee9c Maria c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 cung l\u00f2ng trinh m\u1eabu sinh ra \u2018Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi\u2019, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u2018nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169\u2019 n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i?<\/p>\n M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 khi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, suy ng\u1eabm trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u00fac \u00c2m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (x. Dei Verbum<\/em>, s\u1ed1 8) \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n vinh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c<\/em>. Trong \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t h\u1ecd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft; Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 trao ban cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng xung n\u0103ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng<\/em> \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/em> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c-c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi-truy\u1ec1n tin c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i to\u00e0n t\u00e2m b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i\u2019; m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u00e2u xa trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u1edbi Con c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/em> kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng ai trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u2018nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Cha ban cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c. T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c Ho\u00e0n H\u1ea3o, th\u00ec ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec \u2018\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ch\u1ee9a chan\u2019 (Rm 5,20). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u2018A\u0111am m\u1edbi\u2019 th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a A\u0111am \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u2018\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng r\u1ed3i theo nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi c\u00e1nh chung\u2019 (Karl Rahner). \u2018T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u2013 theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft \u2013 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (GS, s\u1ed1 22). Trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec h\u01a1n cho D\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o \u2018\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i ch\u00ed th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t\u2019. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0110\u1ee9c Maria l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u2018H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf ph\u00f4i thai\u2019. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ecclesia immaculata<\/em> (Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m). \u2018Trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Trinh n\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00e0 M\u1eb9, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ckhu\u00f4n m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u201d cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u2019 (Redemptoris Mater<\/em>, s\u1ed1 42). Trong \u0110\u1ee9c Maria V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ti\u1ebfng \u2018xin v\u00e2ng\u2019 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3n t\u00ed b\u00f3ng m\u1edd c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lung lay n\u00e0o. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u2018v\u00e2ng\u2019 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh hoa tr\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng ngay t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban \u01a1n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, theo nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i – theo c\u00e1ch truy ngu\u1ed3n – <\/em>l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd ng\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 suy di\u1ec5n r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh thai, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u2018t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng th\u00e2n m\u1eabu\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 Gi\u00ear\u00eamia (Gr 1,5), nh\u01b0 Phaol\u00f4 (Gl 1,15) v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (Ep 1,4-5). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat truy\u1ec1n tin-ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi (m\u00e0 Luca, v\u00e0 M\u00e1tth\u00eau c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta), nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ngay t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh thai. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Gi\u00ear\u00eamia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u00e0i:<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u01a1i trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9, Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u01a1i,<\/p>\n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u01a1i (Gr 1,5).<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh thai ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, do ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n \u2018Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4\u2019 (x. Pl 1,6). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u1edf l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f4i thai. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00fac b\u00e1ch b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m vui, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0y cho \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho ng\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u00f4i c\u00f9ng, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb k\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Maria \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd chu to\u00e0n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin.[8]<\/p>\n T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria nh\u01b0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tinh thu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4m l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. T\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh truy ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra – \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa – n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tin, ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n (Joseph Paredes, Mary and the Kingdom of God: A synthesis of Mariology<\/em>, St. Paul Publications, 1990, pp. 221-232)<\/p>\n Lm. L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n ——————————————————————<\/p>\n Ghi ch\u00fa<\/u>:<\/p>\n [1] Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica<\/em>, III, q. 27.<\/p>\n [2] Bonaventura, III Sent<\/em>., p. I, a. 1, q. 2: III.<\/p>\n [3] X. C. Balic, Iohannes Duns Scotus doctor Immaculatae Conceptionis: I Textus Autoris<\/em>, Rome, 1954-1955.<\/p>\n [4] A. Villalmonte, \u2018Qu\u00e9 es lo que celebramos en la fiesta de la Immaculada\u2019, trong Ephemerides Mariologicae<\/em>, 35 (1985), p. 323.<\/p>\n [5] Pius IX, S\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 Ineffabilis Deus<\/em>, DS 2803-2904.<\/p>\n [6] V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y, xem D. Fern\u00e1ndez, \u2018La crisis de la teolog\u00eda del peccado original\u2026\u2019 trong Ephemerides Mariologicae<\/em>, 35 (1985), pp. 111-116.<\/p>\n [7] F. Lammenais, Discussions critiques<\/em>, Paris, 1941, p. 151.<\/p>\n [8] x. Karl Rahner, Maria, Meditazioni<\/em>, Herder-Morcelliana, Brescia, 1979, pp. 50-56.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Joseph Paredes, CMF \/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, PSS) V\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,72,50,34,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-le-cong-duc","category-thanh-kinh","category-thien-phong","category-tin-ly","category-duc-maria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32900"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32915,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32900\/revisions\/32915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/MariaVoNhiem.jpg\")
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