{"id":33612,"date":"2025-02-14T08:27:16","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T01:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=33612"},"modified":"2025-02-14T08:27:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T01:27:16","slug":"tai-sao-giao-hoi-can-thiep-vao-van-de-xa-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tai-sao-giao-hoi-can-thiep-vao-van-de-xa-hoi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea0I SAO GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I CAN THI\u1ec6P V\u00c0O V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I?"},"content":{"rendered":"

LTS:<\/em> \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 g\u1edfi th\u01b0 cho H\u0110GM Hoa K\u1ef3, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trump l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Tom Homan, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Trump v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng lo \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ng\u00e0i \u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lo v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0i \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Ng\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh Vatican ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? (\u2026) Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1891, v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum Novarum<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n 135 n\u0103m, qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, li\u00ean quan c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, di d\u00e2n, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o…. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb Rerum Novarum<\/em> \u0111\u1ebfn nay, lu\u00f4n cho th\u1ea5y Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y HTXH trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c<\/em>\u201d, s\u1ed1 16, n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cLoan b\u00e1o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d. V\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i M\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 Tom Homan l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y  (m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong m\u00f4n H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, PSS.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/strong>——————————–<\/p>\n

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GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I V\u00c0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n : \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb ; sau c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

A. C\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y : Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ?<\/p>\n

I. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do<\/em>, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i chung. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u sau : \u00ab T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf <\/em>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed7 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c,<\/em> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 L\u00e9on Bloy, do \u01b0u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tinh tuy\u1ec1n trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 men Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1eady men. \u00ab Anh ch\u1ecb em h\u00e3y canh ch\u1eebng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u00ab tinh th\u1ea7n \u00bb\u2026 H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0y (Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 : Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt<\/em>\u00bb (Pi\u00f4 XII, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1ng Sinh<\/em>, 1955).<\/p>\n

II. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u00edt h\u01a1n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Saint-Simon, trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng [L\u00ea-\u00f4 XII] v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1825: \u201cC\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m. Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ea7n linh. Xin Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1i y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn mau ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac nh\u1ea5t<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

50 n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Saint-Simon, Isaac P\u00e9reire, \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00bb. \u00ab L\u00e0m sao Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n?…Qua ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ?…Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 phong ki\u1ebfn, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y : \u2018H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ta ; c\u00e1c con h\u00e3y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau\u2019<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00bb \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng thay th\u1ebf Kinh Tin K\u00ednh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng Kinh tin k\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf hay gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o khi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u00e0nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y khi \u00ab gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u2026<\/em> \u00bb m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (Phaol\u00f4 VI, Evangelii nuntiandi<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00ab Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ? \u00bb, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau : m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00ab tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u00bb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00ab tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u00bb. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 dung h\u00f2a hai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m lo cho l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat v\u00e0 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n \u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u00ab tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho X\u00ea-da nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 X\u00ea-da\u2026 \u00bb, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i bao l\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (x. B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111\u00edct\u00f4 XVI, Deus caritas est<\/em>, s\u1ed1 28 ; xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 62 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u00bb). \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u2026kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (Th\u01b0 g\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa<\/em>, s\u1ed1 4).<\/p>\n

B. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo quan ni\u1ec7m C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u00ab s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/em>\u00bb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 cha Sertillanges n\u00f3i. N\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ; qua Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (x. N\u0110H<\/em>, s\u1ed1 15-17). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

I. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Kh\u1edfi Nguy\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi : \u00ab Ta h\u00e3y l\u00e0m n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ta<\/em> \u00bb. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u00ab v\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em> \u00bb (Familiaris consortio<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11). B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea9m sinh \u00bb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (FC, s\u1ed1 11). \u00ab M\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i n\u00e0y soi s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa<\/em> \u00bb (T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c HTXH<\/em>, s\u1ed1 34). HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i soi s\u00e1ng cho hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u00ab M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t huy ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u2026<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 35). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3 v\u00ec b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i d\u00e2n Isra\u00ebl m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, khi c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ai-c\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea5t H\u1ee9a v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc qua M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n. Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u00ab T\u1ef1 do Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/em> \u00bb cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 : \u00ab N\u1ebfu  Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u2018m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh\u2019 (Xh 19,6), nh\u1edd giao \u01b0\u1edbc Sinai\u2026T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng sau n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do sung m\u00e3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 44).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng Gi\u1edbi R\u0103n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, \u00ab t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i- c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/em>. \u00bb Ch\u00fang cho bi\u1ebft \u00ab th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00fang cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em>\u00bb (T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, s\u1ed1 22). Tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Gi\u1edbi R\u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ea1ch ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00f4 th\u00e2n c\u00f4 th\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u\u2026 \u00ab Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ban t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5t H\u1ee9a, ban Giao \u01af\u1edbc tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Isra\u00ebl, trong c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi<\/em> \u00bb (T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, s\u1ed1 23). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u00ab y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tha nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 L\u1ec7 Lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. C\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u00ab n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/em> \u00bb (Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb T\u1ef1 do Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 45).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab lu\u1eadt N\u0103m Sabat (c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt N\u0103m To\u00e0n X\u00e1 (c\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Isra\u00ebl<\/em> \u00bb. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i <\/em>\u00bb (T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, s\u1ed1 24). Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y \u00ab c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u00edch k\u1ef7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tham kh\u1ea3o mang t\u00ednh quy ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Isra\u00ebl ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 25).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta \u00ab th\u1ea5y t\u1eadn m\u1eaft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00bb (s\u1ed1 28). Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi loan b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isaia : \u00ab Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n phong t\u00f4i, sai t\u00f4i \u0111i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u01a1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho k\u1ebb b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 s\u00e1ng m\u1eaft, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa<\/em> \u00bb (Lc 4, 18-19). S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, cho th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em v\u1edbi nhau (x. s\u1ed1 31). Trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, gi\u1edbi r\u0103n \u00ab y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi r\u0103n \u00ab y\u00eau m\u1ebfn tha nh\u00e2n \u00bb (x. Mc 12, 31). Ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi r\u0103n k\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00ab n\u1ebfu ai n\u00f3i : \u00ab T\u00f4i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i gh\u00e9t anh em m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u00bb (1Ga 4, 20), th\u00e1nh Gioan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi hai m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00ab Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y HTXH trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c <\/em>\u00bb (s\u1ed1 16) cho th\u1ea5y, \u00ab Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng hay xa l\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng hay xa l\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u  c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, <\/em>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t (Mt 11, 28-30) ; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 tham lam thu l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh s\u1ed5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong vinh quang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft \u00bb. Qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samaritan\u00f4 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Hay trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n Tin M\u1eebng kh\u00e1c, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi  ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t (Mt 25, 31-46). V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0 chui qua l\u1ed7 kim c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. \u00ab Kh\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i r\u1ed3i<\/em> \u00bb (Lc 6, 24).<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00ab S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/em> \u00bb (T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, s\u1ed1 42). Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 38). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ai. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u01a0n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em trong ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (x. s\u1ed1 40).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u00ab th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <\/em>\u00bb (s\u1ed1 45). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00ab kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (s\u1ed1 46).<\/p>\n

II. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Tin M\u1eebng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. \u01a0n g\u1ecdi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u0103n t\u00ednh s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (N\u0110H<\/em>, s\u1ed1 17).<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o, khi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi : \u00ab Anh em h\u00e3y \u0111i kh\u1eafp t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda nh\u00e2n danh Cha v\u00e0 Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ; d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (Mt 28, 19-20).<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 : n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 vinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh ?<\/p>\n

\u00abT\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 60) cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi : \u00abKhi chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vui m\u1eebng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng, \u01b0u s\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em>\u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi, mang tin vui N\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd, N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng huy ho\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 t\u00fap l\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u201cn\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (x. Kh 21,3), \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng hay khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 trong l\u00fac thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u01a1i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4. L\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u00e0 \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i<\/em>. \u00bb Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u00ab \u2018chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1eeba s\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a  con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1eddi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c vang v\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00bb (s\u1ed1 61).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab l\u1ea5y Tin M\u1eebng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (x. GS<\/em> 40 ; T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>, s\u1ed1 62 tt.). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u00ab trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00bb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu mang l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (x. s\u1ed1 66). HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a <\/em>\u00bb v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u00ab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai sinh l\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 lu\u00f4n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Tin M\u1eebng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 67).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb \u00ab T\u1ef1 do Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00bb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00bb theo ch\u00e2n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111ang kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111ang m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 do<\/em> \u00bb. D\u00f9 \u00ab vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 trao cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1eddi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng soi s\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m <\/em>\u00bb (s\u1ed1 61). Trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00fac l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00ab d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac Th\u1eadt \u00bb, ch\u00fang  \u00ab ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i khi lao m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y theo ch\u00fang\u2026<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 62). D\u1ea5n th\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, khi \u00ab chi\u1ebfu t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, gi\u00fap ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean <\/em>\u00bb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00ab v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 65). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, theo ch\u00e2n Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u00ab d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau : thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh\u2026 V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em>\u00bb (s\u1ed1 68). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 hay b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00ab bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00bb. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c (x. s\u1ed1 68).<\/p>\n

C. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i : kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec t\u00ednh \u0111a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y trong hai quan ni\u1ec7m chung.<\/p>\n

1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ; cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. D\u00f9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung : ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh, gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00edch ; n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh ; vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd\u2026<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c L\u00eao XIII \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00e1n cho th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra do s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hay nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 :<\/p>\n

+ m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, hay ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

+ m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh hay kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

+ \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t : ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ; n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y. \u00dd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u00ab c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta suy di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn cho nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00dd ni\u1ec7m \u00ab c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng  x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng : nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bao dung. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ri\u00eang (x.Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 53 ; xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 54).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, Messner m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau : v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u00edch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Utz \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a sau : \u00ab V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u1ed1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, n\u0103m 1995, Robert Castel \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a : \u00ab\u2018V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nan gi\u1ea3i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y \u1ea9n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e3y v\u1ee1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.\u00bb <\/em>\u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u00abv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1830. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, khi s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd-ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. <\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum novarum<\/em>. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI vi\u1ebft Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p T\u1ee9 Th\u1eadp Ni\u00ean<\/em> (Quadragesimo anno), v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mater et Magistra, <\/em>\u0111\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u2026[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y hay n\u01b0\u1edbc kia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (x. Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11) : \u00ab \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2019, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c2u M\u1ef9 theo sau \u2018cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2019. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u2018v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. D\u00f9 sao \u2018v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u00bb. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00ab v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00bb, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh : \u00ab D\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u2019 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/em> \u00bb (Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>, s\u1ed1 11, xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 27).<\/p>\n

II. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng… : c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isra\u00ebl l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ; c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 Platon\u2026, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u01b0u mang m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ; trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ; v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 do mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0, nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ?<\/p>\n

1. T\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ebfp sau t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n minh m\u1eabn, s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111am m\u00ea, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 d\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Qua t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i : thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u2026 Ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n si\u00eau nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap t\u00e1i sinh c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

2. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u00ab \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u00bb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n sinh, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a mar-x\u00edt, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i :<\/p>\n

a) Qua nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00abNg\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i x\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i giao t\u1ebf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i lo cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra bao h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan ngay nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh minh. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kia v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n bao khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>\u00bb (MM, s\u1ed1 212-213).<\/p>\n

b) Qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang : trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u nhau, nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, kinh t\u1ebf\u2026D\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o :<\/p>\n

a) Do m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u0169 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb ;<\/p>\n

b) Do nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ; m\u1ecdi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n ; m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ;<\/p>\n

c) Do s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang : c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gia t\u0103ng ; thay v\u00ec th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u00edch, ch\u00fang ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

d) S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

D. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 mang ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf khi v\u00e0 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn g\u00ecn gi\u1eef. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i :<\/p>\n

+ v\u00ec kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ;<\/p>\n

+ v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ;<\/p>\n

+ v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ;<\/p>\n

+ v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00ec kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (RN 13 ; QA 32-33 (b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p 44-47) ; MM 42, SRS 41\u2026). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho th\u1ea5y. Trong vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i : c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng giao ho\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i\u2026, b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em>, s\u1ed1 76, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i : \u00ab B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chu to\u00e0n s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb <\/em>khi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/em>\u00bb <\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo rei socialis<\/em>, s\u1ed1 41, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng : \u00ab Theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ck\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 20 n\u0103m v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u0103n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/em>\u00bb (SRS 41)<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (MM 195 ; RN 13 ; QA 32).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 69-71 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u00ab T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00bb v\u1ea1ch ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf nh\u1eafm \u00ab gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u00bb. \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin : ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 qua c\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng<\/em> \u00bb. \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh : \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u2018nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i chu to\u00e0n trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00bb (Caritas in veritate<\/em>, s\u1ed1 9).<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c phi Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a (QA 80, 81) hay trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n (MM 176). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Bruneti\u00e8re : \u00ab V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/em> \u00bb. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ch\u00f3ng th\u00ec ch\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Summi Pontificatus<\/em> (20\/10\/1939): \u00ab Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eef\u2026 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u2026Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 <\/em>c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 ngai t\u00f2a Ph\u00ear\u00f4 (hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd th\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y\u2026Tin M\u1eebng k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (Mt 27, 45) : bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u00edn m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng  v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2026<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XII, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb lung lay (xem th\u00eam MM 208 v\u00e0 215). V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh : \u00ab N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y<\/em>\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hay ch\u1ec9 g\u00e1n v\u00e0o tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; nh\u01b0ng khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phi nh\u00e2n<\/em> \u00bb (Caritas in veritate<\/em>, 11). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean k\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lung lay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng do nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00ab Tin M\u1eebng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 18).<\/p>\n

3. Do nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng phi nh\u00e2n ng\u0103n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong ph\u1ea7n III c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p T\u1ee9 Th\u1eadp Ni\u00ean<\/em>, \u0111\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng : \u00ab Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 \u0111oan th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng so s\u00e1nh cho k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 \u0111oan \u1ea5y, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ra g\u00ec. N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng chu to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed7i linh h\u1ed3n<\/em>. \u00bb (s\u1ed1 141 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p\/ b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1 80). \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o(xem s\u1ed1 81-82 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn : \u00ab Ai c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 \u0111oan \u0111e d\u1ecda nh\u1eefng x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb; v\u1ec1 n\u1ebft na \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ! ai c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, khi th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n lao hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u00e2y bao tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1c h\u1ea1i, c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m c\u00fang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ai c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 tr\u1ecdng. Ai c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n \u0111en x\u01b0a kia c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t cao, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 b\u1ec1 b\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1m b\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. Theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa quan ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 g\u00ec t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n lao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf m\u1edf mang ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o kia, c\u1ea7n lao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c. Trong x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y, mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, Nh\u01b0ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0 suy \u0111\u1ed3i m\u00e3i<\/em> \u00bb (s\u1ed1 82).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 coi khinh l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII, trong S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n thanh d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng, n\u0103m 1941, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00ab th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u2026\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c Kh\u1ea3i \u00bb (tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i trong MM, s\u1ed1 42).<\/p>\n

4. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e2n c\u00e1c phong h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y : m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn s\u1ebd v\u00f4 \u00edch, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u00ean trong<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ; qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u00ab m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u00f3 \u00bb. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng trang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mater et Magistra<\/em>, \u0111\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u0103n m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI, trong cu\u1ed1n \u00ab \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Gian \u00bb, khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Peter Seewald v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i sinh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kia \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u00ab ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ed3n \u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i : Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. (\u2026) Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng mang tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i hy v\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i d\u00e1m n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng phong c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hay can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec do t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ; b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

 E.<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c thi ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng : gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong Rerum Novarum<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gioan XXIII \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u00fang trong Mater et Magistra<\/em>.<\/p>\n

1. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y quan ni\u1ec7m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (MM 222). Trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, \u00ab Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/em>\u00bb (MM 220).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u00ab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u00bb (MM 223). N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a HTXHCG, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ea1y HTXH m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y (x. MM 227). \u00ab \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>\u2026 \u00bb (MM 228).<\/p>\n

3. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb bao \u0111\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, d\u00f9 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m s\u0103n s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m s\u0103n s\u00f3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n  t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ba c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c :<\/p>\n

a) C\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, qua c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, qua c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ghi kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o !<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 Ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta, v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf hay trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/em> \u00bb (MM 240).<\/p>\n

\u00ab Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m: N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf tr\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh do Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nh\u1edd ta x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a anh em, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t hay nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00bb (MM 242).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00ab Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng \u00bb, s\u1ed1 5, cho th\u1ea5y : \u00ab loan b\u00e1o<\/em> ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c<\/em> nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p<\/em> v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00bb. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trao ph\u00f3 cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i : gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y (ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9), th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a (t\u01b0 t\u1ebf) v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

————————————<\/p>\n

 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

+ Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c<\/em> (B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, 1989).<\/p>\n

+ T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c HTXH c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em> (\u1ee6y ban C\u00f4ng L\u00fd & H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, 2004).<\/p>\n

+ C\u00e1c Th\u00f4ng  \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4).<\/p>\n

+ Pierre de Charentenay, Vers la justice de l\u2019Evangile : introduction \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e sociale de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2008.<\/p>\n

+ Ricardo Antoncich\u2026, La doctrine sociale de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, Cerf, 1987.<\/p>\n

+ Anne Despaigne, Comprendre la doctrine sociale de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, Traditions Monastiques, 2007.<\/p>\n

+ C. Van Gestel, Introduction \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement  social de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, coll. Etudes sociales, 49-50,  La Pens\u00e9e Catholique, 1962.<\/p>\n

+ Pierre BIGO, La doctrine sociale de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, PUF, Paris, 1965.<\/p>\n

 ———————————————<\/p>\n

[1] N\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c L\u00ea-\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn : Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 ; nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930 ; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 ; chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh ; b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t Vatican II : Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ; c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 ; c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a mar-x\u00edt ; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gia t\u0103ng ; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di d\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u2026 (Xem th\u00eam s\u1ed1 49 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng…<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LTS: \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 g\u1edfi th\u01b0 cho H\u0110GM Hoa K\u1ef3, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qua vi\u1ec7c […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,36,31,32,33,8,48],"tags":[84],"class_list":["post-33612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoc-thuyet-xa-hoi","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-luan-ly","category-nhan-ban","category-tam-linh","category-the-gioi","category-ty-linh","tag-giao-hoi-nha-nuoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33612"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33613,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33612\/revisions\/33613"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}