{"id":36523,"date":"2025-08-23T16:10:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-23T09:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=36523"},"modified":"2025-10-23T12:33:33","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T05:33:33","slug":"hoi-linh-muc-xuan-bich-khoa-su-pham-ve-tu-do-thieng-lieng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/hoi-linh-muc-xuan-bich-khoa-su-pham-ve-tu-do-thieng-lieng\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed8I LINH M\u1ee4C XU\u00c2N B\u00cdCH: KHOA S\u01af PH\u1ea0M V\u1ec0 T\u1ef0 DO THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed8I LINH M\u1ee4C XU\u00c2N B\u00cdCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KHOA<\/strong> S\u01af PH\u1ea0M<\/strong> V\u1ec0 T\u1ef0 DO THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/strong> v\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

———————————————–<\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

I- K\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

II- C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ecbch s\u1eed <\/p>\n

2. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

3. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

III- \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong><\/p>\n

IV- Th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/p>\n

2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

3. B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean<\/p>\n

4. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

5. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

6. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh<\/p>\n

7. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/p>\n

8. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn<\/p>\n

9. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00fa<\/p>\n

10. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n

V- T\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c thi th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c ; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn<\/p>\n

a) S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/p>\n

b) S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n

c) M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

d) Trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u00ab C\u00e1c <\/em>S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/em> c\u1ee7a <\/em>H\u1ed9i<\/em> \u00bb, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 14 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u00ab \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00ab c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00bb, v\u1ed1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Khai t\u00e2m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (x. c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u 135, 136, 137).<\/em><\/p>\n

5. Li\u00ean l\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh (x. Presbyterorum ordinis, 14); ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, thi\u00eang li\u00eang, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5) trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1981, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c Rationes<\/em> m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c, \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n v\u0169, \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf<\/a> t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh H\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u1ec9nh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m (th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, linh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o) nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y (b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

a) \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, m\u00e0 xem ra \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau b\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

b) Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0y nay d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1c Rationes<\/em> m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2012 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00eau b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

d) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y trong khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u1eefng trang ti\u1ebfp theo, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00ab cho ng\u00e0y nay \u00bb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u00e0n b\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u1eadt l\u00f4gic khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n ra, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. V\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y mang trong m\u00ecnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch ti\u1ebfp ngay sau: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n khai t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Sau khi xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00f2a trong v\u00e0 t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t d\u00e0n b\u00e0i sau:<\/p>\n

1. K\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

2. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

4. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

5. T\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c thi th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

I<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT HI\u1ec6P V\u1edaI CH\u00daA KIT\u00d4 L\u00c0 N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG C\u1ee6A TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 QU\u00c1 TR\u00ccNH  \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O C\u0168NG NH\u01af C\u1ee6A TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG LINH M\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 M\u1ee5c T\u1eed b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n danh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1ed1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh l\u00f2ng qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa. Duy m\u00ecnh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i trong c\u00f5i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1eefa. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i qua vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c B\u00ed t\u00edch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd, lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c t\u00edn, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Sulpice<\/em> (Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch<\/em>) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1642, cha Jean-Jacques Olier tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n vinh d\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c cho nhi\u1ec1u con trai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh danh gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a cha Olier ngay sau khi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c cha s\u1edf t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Saint-Sulpice<\/em>, ng\u00e0i khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb k\u00e9m n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u00eam c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: \u00ab C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> \u00bb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Vinh S\u01a1n Phaol\u00f4 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00ab m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n<\/em> \u00bb (honn\u00eate retirade), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a cha Olier, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong s\u1ef1 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n; n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t; ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cha Olier kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu cho c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh l\u1edbn th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i \u00ab chinh ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n <\/em>\u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chinh ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 thao t\u00fang. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Cha Olier s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u00ab hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em> \u00bb, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u1edf gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y: Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec7m Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng hoa tr\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i sinh ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 phong nhi\u00eau trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 qua Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y qua vi\u1ec7c suy ni\u1ec7m L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3. Khi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong ch\u00fang ta, trong ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Trong nh\u1eefng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi anh ch\u1ecb em Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. S\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng sinh khi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tu s\u0129, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf hay linh m\u1ee5c; khi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh; ho\u1eb7c khi kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i huynh \u0111\u1ec7, trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Pastores dabo vobis<\/em> cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 M\u1ee5c T\u1eed. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, Ratio<\/em> 2016 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, \u00ab vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, M\u1ee5c T\u1eed v\u00e0 T\u00f4i T\u1edb<\/em> [2]<\/a> \u00bb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 M\u1ee5c T\u1eed Gi\u00e0u L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t kh\u00e1c, theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ratio Fundamentalis Sacerdotalis Universalis<\/em> v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2016. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ban Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0m cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c T\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n danh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. L\u00e0m cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 M\u1ee5c T\u1eed hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c B\u00ed t\u00edch, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Theo s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Presbyterorum ordinis<\/em>, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. Qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ecb. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m tinh t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00f3. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

1) T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/em>. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch), nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2) L\u1eafng nghe Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em> trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed7i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mang l\u1ea1i, trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

3) \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. M\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 khoan dung l\u1eabn nhau, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4) C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n<\/em> trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i: quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi. Gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tham gia nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, khi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec hai \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau: \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m. X\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong khi l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u00fap c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00edn thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng nghe, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

II<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ed8NG \u0110O\u00c0N GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C L\u00c0 N\u01a0I CH\u1ed0N <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00c0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TI\u1ec6N CH\u00cdNH C\u1ee6A QU\u00c1 TR\u00ccNH \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed9i Linh M\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/em> gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/em>, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra xung quanh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd cho s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. \u00ab B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p quanh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu<\/em>[3]<\/a>.\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab R\u1ed3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp Nh\u00f3m M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sai c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eeb qu\u1ef7.\u00bb<\/em> (Mc 3, 13-15). Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng sai ai \u0111i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n danh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, d\u00f9 mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng ghi kh\u1eafc h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 chung v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, B\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh ban cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng chung c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n, trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

1-  M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/u><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng sinh. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u00ab s\u1ed1ng chung \u00bb n\u00e0y, chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thinh l\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 \u00ab c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o\u00bb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u00ab qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u00bb, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi cha \u00c9mery, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, cho bi\u1ebft. B\u1ea7u kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n g\u0169i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao, qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cvi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng chung\u201d n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cha Olier, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng l\u00ean t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u00e1u n\u0103m. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 XVIII, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh t\u00e2m cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c: b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn do c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn; ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf v\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng sinh ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho h\u1ecd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm linh m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giao ph\u00f3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 cha gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n thong dong, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t cha gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt ra ngo\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thong dong v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i thong dong. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[4]<\/a>. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai tham v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u201cb\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t\u201d trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chu to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 duy s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. \u1ede v\u1edbi, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi, d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa v\u1edbi, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n (B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1m t\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c) n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

2- C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n<\/u><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft huynh \u0111\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3, \u00ab \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/em>[5]<\/a> \u00bb trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quy chi\u1ebfu cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: n\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, n\u01a1i d\u1eabn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 chung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe, \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5; n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf t\u00f2a trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f9y theo vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111ang th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, n\u0103m ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf hay \u00ab t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> \u00bb. Trong hai ho\u1eb7c ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u2013 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00fa kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u2013 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong nh\u00e0, tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn,<\/em> do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi h\u00e0nh th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, s\u1ebd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i; ch\u00fang s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y, theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u00ab \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u00bb; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 quy t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Tin M\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng[6]<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c  th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu s\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch v\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng khi thi h\u00e0nh th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 sau n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng (x. Phanxic\u00f4, Fratelli tutti<\/em>, n\u0103m 2020). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thu h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (\u00ab Huynh \u0111o\u00e0n \u00bb, \u00ab Nh\u00e0 \u00bb, v.v.), b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

3- C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/u><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn m\u1edf ra cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c tham gia ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9, vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3n  x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5), v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean cho ch\u00ednh \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, r\u1ed3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng trong vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 huynh \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

III<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG C\u00c1 NH\u00c2N <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6C BI\u1ec6T QUA VI\u1ec6C LINH H\u01af\u1edaNG<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p<\/em> n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong h\u1ecd. Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n ra trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, mang m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u n\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c, v\u1ed1n mang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 chung, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, t\u0129nh t\u00e2m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01a1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Sulpice<\/em>, cha Jean-Jacques Olier \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau: \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng linh m\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec tham v\u1ecdng hay l\u1ee3i \u00edch, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: \u00ab Trong m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y<\/em>[7]<\/a> \u00bb. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00ean g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd, vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang. \u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. Vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i; B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang di\u1ec5n ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean; c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. B\u1ed1n chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean; vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, suy ni\u1ec7m L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh b\u00ed t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1ch chung h\u01a1n, mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh b\u1eadn t\u00e2m. Cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u01b0u mang con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1edd L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean hay minh nhi\u00ean, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 theo, bi\u1ec7n minh cho ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Tin M\u1eebng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c do Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00ab nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0, trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn ra \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh linh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb huynh \u0111\u1ec7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 phong nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u01a1n trong nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eafp t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c sau n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn. Cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, trong tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi huynh \u0111\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, cha \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c con thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang theo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Trong c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi nghi ng\u1edd tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v.v.), \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ch\u00fang theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u00ab v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u00bb. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u00f2a trong<\/em> \u00bb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 \u00ab t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i<\/em> \u00bb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00f2a trong tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1717.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i xung quanh vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i trong khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do n\u00f3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam k\u00edn hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung gi\u1eefa hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng suy t\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00f2a trong k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5. Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f2a trong v\u00e0 t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i; c\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 hai cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac suy t\u01b0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng linh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00f3 hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111ang suy y\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

IV<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

TH\u1ef0C THI TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M H\u1ee2P \u0110O\u00c0N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1- Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/u><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh cha Tronson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a cha Olier, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 trong H\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 cha Olier v\u00e0 cha Le Ragois de Bretonvilliers, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Cha Tronson gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i cha gi\u00e1o; m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1700, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Cha gi\u00e1o <\/em>\u00bb (Assembl\u00e9e des Directeurs), ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec b\u1edfi B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Cha gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. M\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hai tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c Cha gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u1ec9nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/em>[10]<\/a> \u00bb \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Trong H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. M\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch c\u00f9ng nhau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00f3a m\u00ecnh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chung n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang: mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khi th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

2- Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/u><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

3- B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean<\/u><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n[11]<\/a>. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n (quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00f3 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 thay th\u1ebf B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean[12]<\/a> khi B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ng\u0103n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh nh\u1eb1m l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho h\u1ecd. B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng minh, tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng sinh ao \u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

4- H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/u><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n tham gia, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 linh h\u01b0\u1edbng[13]<\/a>, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t khi h\u1ecd tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o thi\u00eang li\u00eang chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00ab m\u1ed9t khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em>[14]<\/a> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngang phi\u1ebfu, Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[15]<\/a>. Trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n nay, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng sinh, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng[16]<\/a>. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m chung c\u00f9ng nhau g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong khi v\u1eabn l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi[17]<\/a>. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1m t\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n

Chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin cho nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 thi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3u trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trung th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 khai t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

5- T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/u><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, sinh ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn theo lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Sulpice<\/em>, m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n quy chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c suy ng\u1eabm ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch) \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0, theo c\u00e1c Rationes<\/em> c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n v\u0169 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung gian gi\u1eefa H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1m t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 cho H\u1ed9i; ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Rationes<\/em> kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c (li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn) m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn (theo lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf), vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c coi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n quy chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

6- S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh<\/u><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tham gia, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay \u00edt th\u00edch ki\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u00edt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 trao cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh[18]<\/a> kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thu th\u1eadp \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 suy ng\u1eabm c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qua trung gian c\u1ee7a B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c linh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u1edbi B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho h\u1ecd \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng (n\u00f3i chung, hai l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m), mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ed1n \u0111an xen trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng linh m\u1ee5c xung quanh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, th\u00f3i quen tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f4i khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u. D\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng coi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 v\u1eabn ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng sinh, v\u1ed1n s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

7- Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/u><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00ab ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nhau, theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u00edt h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Issy-les-Moulineaux \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Ti\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933. Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh l\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ee7ng sinh n\u00e0y hay ch\u1ee7ng sinh kia, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady l\u1eabn nhau, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh.<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00eau r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 linh m\u1ee5c, vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n khi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

8- \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn<\/u><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n li\u00ean gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra n\u01a1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u00ab \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham kh\u1ea3o) gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00bb, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng sinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 cho ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a nghe nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i, trong vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng sinh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

9- Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u00fa<\/u><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eadt th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo hai c\u00e1ch: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

10- K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/u><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00ec \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 phi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5n sang tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ngay khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1eefu tr\u00e1ch. M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t: s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Sulpice<\/em>, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0, ngay t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Hai r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi can thi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab n\u00edn th\u1edf qua c\u1ea7u \u00bb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y? R\u1ee7i ro th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n; ngay khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd nguy h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u1eabn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho h\u1ecd n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u00edch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed cho l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c: \u00ab Cha c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft Th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? <\/em>\u00bb, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa v\u00ec, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi qua Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed huynh \u0111\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ee9 ba g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u00ab l\u01b0\u1edbt \u00bb qua c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. R\u1ee7i ro t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c xem t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c t\u00edn kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c mang m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00fat b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m s\u00e2u xa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh r\u1eb1ng ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef0 DO THI\u00caNG LI\u00caNG <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01af\u1ee2C HI\u1ec2U L\u00c0 \u01af\u1edaC MU\u1ed0N TH\u1ef0C THI TH\u00c1NH \u00dd C\u1ee6A THI\u00caN CH\u00daA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/strong>Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u00ab t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/em> \u00bb th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Tin M\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng theo th\u00e1nh Gioan, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0, t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 do g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n theo \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

1- N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/u><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u0169ng v\u1eady trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng M\u00f4s\u00ea: \u00ab Khi ng\u01b0\u01a1i ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn xem: m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng Ta \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Phara\u00f4<\/em> \u00bb (Xh 4, 21). N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o Giao \u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gi\u1eef trong nh\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/em>, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd qua cu\u1ed9c Xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, cho b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd gieo r\u1eafc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft xung quanh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 ra cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra cho m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mong mu\u1ed1n. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c huynh \u0111\u1ec7 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i cho h\u1ecd. Qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho th\u1ea5y \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a n\u00f3. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Cha Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung h\u00f2a, \u0111i\u1ec1u xem ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong m\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1i tim con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng; h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, n\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma v\u00e0 Gal\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, \u00ab lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed<\/em> \u00bb v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 anh em m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa : \u00ab Th\u01b0a anh em, anh em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u200b\u0111\u1eebng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1eabn nhau. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn trong \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/em> \u200bNg\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh <\/em>\u00bb (Gl 5, 13-14).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u1ed1n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c tin, s\u1ef1 v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 t\u1eed th\u1ea7n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i n\u00f3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u1edf trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 lan t\u1ecfa trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1ed1n mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta ni\u1ec1m vui y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0o L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai; c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn<\/u><\/p>\n

a<\/strong>)<\/strong> S\u1ef1 t<\/strong>\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cthi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/em>\u201d kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n. \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 anh em m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf ra cho tha nh\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do. Khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c Rationes<\/em> g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2, ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 noi theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1eafm theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u00ab v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u00bb gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n; n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed duy \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u1ed1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 linh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c; nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o: s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ta coi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n? S\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. Hay l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i? L\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh an. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n v\u1ed1n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc chong ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3. T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb l\u1eabn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01b0 x\u1eed kh\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qua th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u1ed1t. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c coi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb neo ch\u1eb7t trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ed1n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n coi tr\u1ecdng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n hay s\u1edf th\u00edch, trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ef1 ban cho m\u00ecnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai (ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh). Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn Lahitton-Branchereau (1909-1912) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vang d\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do. V\u00e0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do khi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u00ab d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u00bb. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do khi n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c n\u00f3. Kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00ednh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Hai c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u00ab d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00bb m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh \u0111\u00f4i khi so\u1ea1n ra, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong nhi\u00eau, vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u00ab d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00bb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n : d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00ab d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00bb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t; linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i t\u00f9y v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

b) S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u1eabn d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ea9y h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 d\u00ecm h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00e2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i khi m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e2n xung quanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n, d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i sa v\u00e0o h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng; l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu mang l\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau, v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong t\u1ef1 do. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do trong Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh cao n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 t\u00f4i t\u1edb, \u0110\u1ea5ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trao ph\u00f3 Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed cho Ch\u00faa Cha trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, trong khi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ngay t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9 tu\u00f4n ra ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, ti\u00eau hao m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 anh em m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 Tin M\u1eebng n\u00f3i, th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Khi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, khi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n xung quanh m\u00ecnh, qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho qua nhi\u1ec1u trung gian nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 h\u00e9 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00edt. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n Th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u00ab c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u00bb. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng minh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta loan b\u00e1o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u00ab Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn l\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u00bb. S\u1ef1 phong nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eed t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 phong nhi\u00eau n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng; vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd gi\u1eef t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. Th\u00e1nh Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e0ng R\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00ea m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m vui trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do r\u00fat lui n\u00e0y khi cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 di\u1ec5n ra; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a m\u00ecnh \u0111i, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Chi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

c) M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd v\u1eeba l\u00e0 khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho ch\u00fang. Khoa s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ngoan ngo\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn trong B\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng trong ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o: li\u1ec7u \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 Loyola g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab ni\u1ec1m an \u1ee7i<\/em> \u00bb? Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u01af\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n trong tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 trung gian c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 thanh luy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf ra cho \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u00bb, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd mang theo m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u00eang li\u00eang bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf. Ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do lu\u00f4n l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n. V\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

d) Trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 coi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd coi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (tr\u1eeb phi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u00f2a trong v\u00e0 t\u00f2a ngo\u00e0i). V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c (tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng), nh\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i cho \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00f2ng khoan dung s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2ng khoan dung kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. L\u00f2ng khoan dung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab quy ch\u1ebf<\/em> \u00bb. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00ab hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n<\/em>[20]<\/a> \u00bb. S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y theo s\u1edf th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. Trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e0ng \u00edt r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00ab linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u00bb, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch, thinh l\u1eb7ng, v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i coi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Rat<\/em>io<\/em> Fundamentalis Institutionis sacerdotalis<\/em> (RFIS) m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Phanxic\u00f4 k\u00fd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2016, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cgiai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/em>\u201d. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Cf. RFIS s\u1ed1 35 : Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u, M\u1ee5c T\u1eed, T\u00f4i T\u1edb v\u00e0 H\u00f4n Phu.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Pastores dabo vobis<\/em>, s\u1ed1 60.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Cf. RFIS<\/em> 132.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Cf. Cv 1, 14 ; perseverantes unanimiter<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> P<\/em>resbyterorum ordinis<\/em>, 8.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u 239 \u00a7 2.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u00ab Trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng sinh ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c sa th\u1ea3i h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u00bb ; ibid.,<\/em> \u0111i\u1ec1u 240 \u00a7 2.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Cf. RFIS 189.192-196 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab khoa y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u00bb.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u 129.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, 128, 137.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch, l\u00e0 \u00ab Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c (directeur) c\u1ee7a<\/em> [ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n] \u00bb, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o (directeurs) \u1edf<\/em> ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u 130c.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u 130d.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u 135.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Cf. RFIS 136-137 : \u00ab Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u00bb. (\u2026) m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u00bb. (\u2026) m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u00bb. (\u2026) Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u00bb s\u1ebd ch\u0103m lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Cf. RFIS 129 : \u00ab M\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng sinh (\u2026) l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> RFIS 58 : \u00ab V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c xem li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng. \u00bb<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Cf. RFIS 10. \u00ab Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u00bb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u00ab D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u00bb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed8I LINH M\u1ee4C XU\u00c2N B\u00cdCH T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00e1p V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,14,22,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoi-linh-muc-xuan-bich-st-sulpice","category-su-pham-xuan-bich-pedagogie","category-xuan-bich-the-gioi","category-xuan-bich-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36523"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37470,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36523\/revisions\/37470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}