{"id":3716,"date":"2013-10-08T08:15:02","date_gmt":"2013-10-08T01:15:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=3716"},"modified":"2013-10-08T08:15:02","modified_gmt":"2013-10-08T01:15:02","slug":"tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-14\/","title":{"rendered":"TIN, \u0110\u1ed8NG T\u00c1C PH\u00c1T T\u1eea CON TIM (14)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Kinh-nghi\u1ec7m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eadc cha ch\u00fa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(b\u00e0i 15)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Ph\u1ea7n 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c tin, c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e2m-l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ta \u0111\u00e3 duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t-\u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed5i-b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng-\u1edf-tr\u00ean\u201d. Nay, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n-n\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i, v\u1eabn h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c ch\u0103ng? T\u1ee9c: ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c tin c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c? T\u00e2m-l\u00fd-h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n-\u0111\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, nay c\u00f3 khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng suy-t\u01b0 ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: trong ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0: v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ta, l\u00e0: b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta qu\u00e1 t\u1eadp-trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c \u201ctin\u201d, ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ec1m tin hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch, r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c-th\u1ee5. Xem th\u1ebf th\u00ec: khi di\u1ec5n-t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ta v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 cao\/nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u00e2u-th\u1eb3m h\u01a1n kinh-nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0-ri\u00eang l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u-tr\u00fac v\u1eb9n-to\u00e0n \u1edf t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Kinh-nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eb3m-s\u00e2u n\u00e0y, l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 quan-h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1eb9 cha v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, c\u00f2n b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan b\u00e0 m\u1eb9, l\u00e0 kinh-nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eebng-tr\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t \u201ct\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u201d. C\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan v\u1edbi cha, \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kinh-nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e2m-s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ea3m-k\u00edch\u201d, r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u1ea3 hai t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o: th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec, t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn ho\u00e0-tan v\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft d\u1ef1ng\u201d kinh-nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c\u201d cho ph\u00e9p ta ra \u0111i m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n-m\u1eabu t\u00e2m-l\u00fd-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i-h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m-k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c. Ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d. Cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh! Nh\u01b0ng, khi \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean-quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cni\u1ec1m-tin th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d ho\u1eb7c tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean-Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng theo c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y kinh-ng\u1ea1c h\u01a1n l\u1ec1 th\u00f3i ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, v\u1ec1 sau v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan m\u1eb9-cha\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d kh\u00f4ng? B\u1edfi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c, r\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edfng-th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, Ch\u00faa s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3nh-t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd th\u00edch-h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c qua \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eb7ng ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u0103n-b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang?<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cTr\u1eeb phi anh em tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 con tr\u1ebb, c\u00f2n th\u00ec…\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: \u201chu\u1ec7 l\u1ed9c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cqu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d ni\u1ec1m tin lu\u00f4n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan m\u1eb9-cha\u201d. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3ng-di\u1ec5n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3-thi \u0111\u1ec3 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd-ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau-nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00ednh-k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00fd-ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan m\u1eb9-cha\u201d ho\u00e0-tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m-nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ct\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u201cc\u1ea3m k\u00edch\/bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf: ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd hai kinh-nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t: l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c\u201d m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh; c\u00f2n kinh-nghi\u1ec7m kia, l\u00e0: l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m k\u00edch\/bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u1eabn tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed c\u00e1-th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ta. T\u00f4i thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129: c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 kinh-nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1-ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0: kinh-nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p-gh\u00e9p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft-t\u1ee5 (b\u1edfi ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u00e3i m\u00e3i t\u00e1ch l\u00eca ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau.) B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1p-gh\u00e9p, ta t\u1ea1o ra khu\u00f4n-m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t t\u00e2m-l\u00fd cho ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ngh\u0129: \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t cho ta trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3, \u1edf ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb b\u00e9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u00e0o m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. N\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, s\u1ef1 \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ed7-t\u01b0\u01a1ng hai chi\u1ec1u theo \u00fd-ngh\u0129a tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y\/tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n; l\u00e0: v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u201ctin\u201d v\u00e0o con m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u00e0; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9a con. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea3m k\u00edch\/bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng\/h\u1ec9 hoan, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00edch di\u1ec5n-d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m-t\u1eeb \u201cjouissance\u201d <\/em>(t\u1ee9c: vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>\/th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/em>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9-y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 an-vui c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb b\u00e9 v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 n\u00f3. An vui ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i h\u1ed7-t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa b\u00e9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh-d\u1ea1ng l\u00fd-l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u201cjouissance\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ra, g\u1ed3m \u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u1eeb \u201cjouir\u201d <\/em>(t\u1ee9c: \u201cth\u00edch th\u00fa\/vui h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d<\/em>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, t\u1ee9c: c\u1ed1t-l\u00f5i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u201cJouissance<\/em>\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m-vui c\u1ed1-h\u1eefu tr\u1edf-th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf-th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ngay trong b\u1ea3n-th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch-l\u1ec7 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu-th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y. T\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a-\u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-quan, h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3. C\u1ea3 ta n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng ra kh\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c-bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng\/t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u201cc\u1ea3m-k\u00edch\/bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u201d \u1ea5y. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u00ecnh-dung n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n tr\u1ebb b\u00e9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n\u00a0 -t\u1ee9c, qu\u00e1-tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1-tr\u1ecb; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh-dung n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi-\u00a0 t\u1ee9c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng-lai\/mai ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1. Hai ch\u1ed1n-mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i gi\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u00edch-c\u1ef1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n-ti\u1ebfn, l\u00e0: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i-h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin ngay trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ————–<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di\u1ec5n-gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc kh\u00fac-chi\u1ebft, xin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o qu\u00e1-tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed t\u1eebng khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u01b0-duy ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ra c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Paris, l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t-hi\u1ec7n \u00fd-t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi-m\u1ebb mang t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n-v\u0169 v\u1ec1 \u00fd-ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 -C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican 2, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf-\u00a0 V\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra, khi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0: l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ta h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n-ngoan-\u0111\u00e3-th\u00e0nh-qu\u00e1-kh\u1ee9 (d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0o v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n-b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tho\u1ea1t khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng-tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc-h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea7m-nguy\u00ean ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef\u201d v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n-t\u1eeb ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng-tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean-c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u00e2n-ch\u1ee7ng-h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n-t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n-lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef1-th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 \u201cbi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c-tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng ra thay cho c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng x\u01b0a\/c\u0169, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn-tr\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-tr\u01b0ng, th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u-tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c-\u0111\u1ea5u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c k\u1ebf-th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ban s\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 cung-c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ra cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u01b0a th\u00edch. Ph\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n-t\u00edch ng\u00f4n-t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n-t\u00edch c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa. Lo\u1ea1i-h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n-t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Freud v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o sinh-l\u00fd-h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Sinh-l\u00fd-h\u1ecdc\u00a0 -nh\u01b0 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay-\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i-tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0, ch\u1ed1n mi\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i thay nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nay ta th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Freud t\u1eebng t\u1eadp-trung nh\u1ea5n-m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c-n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 cha -\u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 \u1ea3nh-h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cho t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1eeb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n-ch\u1ee7ng-h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, Freud nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u00ed-d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu-t\u1ed1 hu\u00fd-k\u1ef5 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: tr\u1ebb b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha s\u1edf-h\u1eefu b\u00ean trong \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh-d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi cha n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1eb1n ranh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi do cha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Saussure t\u1eebng m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi ra sao. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9-\u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c-l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh-di\u1ec5n-gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef. Ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef, th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y cung-c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qui v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. Nh\u1eadn-\u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Lacan th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng l\u00f4i-k\u00e9o hai l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0-t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y g\u1ed9p chung l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i-th\u00edch t\u00ednh hu\u00fd-k\u1ef5 (lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n) nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u201chu\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u201ck\u1ef5\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh-vi l\u0103ng-lo\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ee9c-h\u1ee3p Oedipe), cho b\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t-v\u1ecdng<\/span> l\u0103ng-lo\u00e0n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c-v\u1ecdng. \u00d4ng coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed7-l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i-t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span> v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n-ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c-v\u1ecdng, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh-d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n minh-\u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o: l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 -\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m-thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c-v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1eadt-t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng. \u00d4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u01b0a-th\u00edch cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i-t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta-\u00a0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm th\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n; v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9ng-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i-t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t \u00fd-ngh\u0129 k\u1ef3-qu\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh-d\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i-t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh-d\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n-t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi, l\u00e0 \u201cimaginaire<\/span><\/em>\u201d <\/em>(t\u1ee9c: t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng ch\u1ec9-\u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng Anh ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u201cimaginary<\/em>\u201d <\/em>(t\u1ee9c: th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d). Theo t\u00e2m-l\u00fd-h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0: gi\u1ea3m-thi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d (\u201cimaginary\u201d<\/em>, \u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9: \u201csymbolique\u201d<\/em> (t\u1ee9c: th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd-ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng \u201ct\u01b0\u1ee3ng-tr\u01b0ng\u201d <\/em>(t\u1ee9c \u201csymbolic\u201d <\/em>\u1edf ti\u1ebfng Anh). \u00d4ng s\u1eed-d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb-v\u1ef1ng \u201csymbolique\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o: \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn theo s\u1edf-th\u00edch, cho b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n-b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u201cbi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng\u201d n\u01a1i ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng nh\u1eefng mu\u1ed1n tr\u01a1n-tu\u1ed9t v\u00e0o \u201cchu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i\u201d n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng n\u00e0o ta t\u1eebng mang v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e0 l\u1eafng-\u0111\u1ecdng. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thong-\u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u201ccu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i\u201d, r\u1ea5t tr\u00ec-chi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Lacan l\u1ea1i s\u00e1nh vai th\u00e1p-t\u00f9ng t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Saussure, c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n. V\u00e0, theo cung c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d n\u00e0y, ta l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft-d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u <\/em>h\u1ea7u d\u00f5i theo vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m-thi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi cha\u201d. <\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eefa, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Lacan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ednh-d\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi Freud. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m-thi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7-l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Julia Kristeva l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba-k\u1ebf l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0-t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tho\u1ea1t khi \u1ea5y, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh-s\u1eeda \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Julia Kristeva l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, b\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa. B\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n-t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m-l\u00fd n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa; v\u00e0 qua cung c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef c\u00e1-bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u00ecnh-th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb. B\u00e0 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u201ccoi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean\u201d cho \u0111\u1ea1o-gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1eb7c-bi\u1ec7t (m\u00e0 b\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0o c\u1ea3). Nh\u01b0ng, b\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: b\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 ngh\u0129: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed7i ngu\u1eddi trong ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, theo cung-c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c-bi\u1ec7t. Ai ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng: m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, r\u1ea5t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng: n\u00f3 ho\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u00ecnh-th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00ean-c\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, cho tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Kristeva \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u00ean-b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c\u201d do b\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bakhtin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: m\u1ecdi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cam-k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng-b\u1ea3n v\u0103n-h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang \u00fd-ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t-\u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00edch-c\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef trong m\u00f4i-tr\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean-su\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00f4i-tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea3y su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cbi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng\u201d r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c-tr\u01b0ng. V\u00e0, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3-n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch-c\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u201chi\u1ec3u\/bi\u1ebft\u201d (h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9) th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m-ph\u00e1\/khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng cung-\u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi gi\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u\/bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft. B\u1edfi, \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean-su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ta, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh m\u1eadt-thi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1. Ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 \u01b0a th\u00edch n\u00f3, v\u00ec ta tr\u00f4ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng ta. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 l\u00fac ta \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i-h\u1ecfi cao-si\u00eau n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ho\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u201cchu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i\u201d \u1ea5n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ea1t. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7-l\u1ef1c ta l\u00e0m, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee5-th\u1ec3-ho\u00e1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec. L\u00e0, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0-tr\u1ed9n ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t-\u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t-l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi ta, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tu\u1ef3-thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n-chi\u1ebft. \u201cB\u00e0 m\u1eb9\u201d \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u1ed9i-dung c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u201c\u1ea3o\u201d trong tay b\u00e0 v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3, ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 lu\u1ed9t kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh \u201cbi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c-n\u0103ng \u201cm\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n\u201d cho th\u1ea5y ta ph\u1ea3i l\u0129nh-h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 t\u0103ng-tru\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Qu\u00e1-tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129: m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng n\u00ean di\u1ec5n-gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u00e0 m\u1eb9\u201d r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi cha\u201d trong qu\u00e1-tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t-tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ————\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 (c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

Lm Kevin O\u2019Shea CSsR<\/em><\/p>\n

Mai T\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II \u00a0Kinh-nghi\u1ec7m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eadc cha ch\u00fa<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-3716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mai-ta","tag-nam-duc-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3716"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3718,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3716\/revisions\/3718"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}