{"id":37325,"date":"2025-10-13T14:29:46","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T07:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=37325"},"modified":"2025-11-18T14:40:30","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T07:40:30","slug":"tong-huan-dilexi-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tong-huan-dilexi-te\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00d4NG HU\u1ea4N DILEXI TE C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ee8C TH\u00c1NH CHA L\u00ca\u00d4 XIV G\u1eecI T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 C\u00c1C KIT\u00d4 H\u1eeeU V\u1ec0 T\u00ccNH Y\u00caU TH\u01af\u01a0NG NG\u01af\u1edcI NGH\u00c8O"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00d4NG HU\u1ea4N DILEXI TE <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha L\u00ca\u00d4 XIV g\u1eedi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. \u201cTA \u0110\u00c3 Y\u00caU TH\u01af\u01a0NG NG\u01af\u01a0I\u201d (Kh 3,9). Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i \u00edt th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c\u2026 Ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (Kh 3,8-9). \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria: \u201cCh\u00faa h\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi ngai v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn; Ch\u00faa cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u0111\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 tay tr\u1eafng\u201d (Lc 1,52-53).<\/p>\n

2. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 t\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 suy t\u01b0 trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dilexit Nos<\/em> v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i Tim Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u201ch\u1ecd y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d [1] Khi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u201cch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m lan t\u1ecfa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.[2]<\/p>\n

3. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dilexit Nos<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha Phanxic\u00f4 trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Dilexi Te<\/em>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111ang n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i \u00edt th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c,\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (Kh 3,9). T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy t\u01b0 \u2013 v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00ec t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ednh y\u00eau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u201ctrong ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch noi theo.\u201d[3]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ed8T: V\u00c0I L\u1edcI C\u1ed0T Y\u1ebeU<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cSao ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? D\u1ea7u th\u01a1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n Ta th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3i \u0111\u00e2u\u201d (Mt 26,8-9.11). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i an \u1ee7i bi\u1ebft bao cho ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u00edt ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gai \u0111\u00e2m! \u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ai \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xoa d\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft bao. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i: \u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o trong kh\u1eafp thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0m m\u00e0 nh\u1edb t\u1edbi b\u00e0\u201d (Mt 26,13). T\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 trong c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n hay qu\u1eabn b\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

5. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec anh em lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh\u201d (Mt 26,11), c\u0169ng h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7: \u201cTh\u1ea7y \u1edf c\u00f9ng anh em lu\u00f4n m\u00e3i\u201d (Mt 28,20). Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta v\u1eady\u201d (Mt 25,40). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i: vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1ecb Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4<\/em><\/p>\n

6. Khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3ng y b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u00f4m h\u00f4n ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o!\u201d [4] \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 khi ng\u00e0i l\u00ean Gi\u00earusalem \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (x. Gl 2,1-10). Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, v\u1ecb T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u201cth\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m\u201d (Gl 2,10). Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Assisi: trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong c\u00f9i, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u00f4m l\u1ea5y Phanxic\u00f4 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o th\u00e0nh Assisi, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

7. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n theo Tin M\u1eebng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin, ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cthay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d.[5] C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n tr\u00ean n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cd\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu th\u1ee9c cho linh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d.[6] T\u00f4i x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch canh t\u00e2n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi t\u00ednh qui ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u1edf tai ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n

8. \u0110o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho M\u00f4s\u00ea trong b\u1ee5i gai \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ta \u1edf Ai c\u1eadp; Ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe ti\u1ebfng ch\u00fang k\u00eau than v\u00ec b\u1ecdn cai h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 Ta \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang… V\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111i, Ta s\u1ebd sai ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (Xh 3,7-8.10). [7] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: \u201cKhi con c\u00e1i Israel k\u00eau l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh cho h\u1ecd\u201d (Tl 3,15). Khi l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang qu\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd k\u00eau l\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, ta s\u1ebd m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i (x. \u0110nl 15,9) v\u00e0 quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

9. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau m\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a di\u1ec7n. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o: c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c mong manh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

10. Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n in nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o c\u0169 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4i khi tinh vi v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng hoan ngh\u00eanh Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng M\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean K\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

11. S\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng sung t\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-kinh t\u1ebf thi\u00ean v\u1ecb k\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00ec ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thay, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, s\u1ed1ng trong bong b\u00f3ng ti\u1ec7n nghi xa x\u1ec9, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5y trang kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u2013 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt n\u0103m, b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh thi th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

12. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t do thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u, con s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng lan tr\u00e0n ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 sung t\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ngh\u00e8o \u2018g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btrong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 che ch\u1edf cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d[8] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 nam gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo,\u201d[9] \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n qu\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n

13. Nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cdi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u2013 th\u00ec to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2019. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u201d [10] Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1984 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u01a1i h\u1ecd sinh s\u1ed1ng.\u201d[11] Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd sinh ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t to l\u1edbn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

14. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay do \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng trong h\u1ecd, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do h\u1ecd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u00e1m tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qua \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o do kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c – c\u1ea3 nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef – l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb7t nh\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng qua ng\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng “x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng”.<\/p>\n

15. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng sa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, k\u1ebbo ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 thay th\u1ebf Ph\u00fac \u00c2m b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 sinh hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG HAI: THI\u00caN CH\u00daA CH\u1eccN NG\u01af\u1edcI NGH\u00c8O<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n

16. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. H\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh nh\u00ecn th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i trong s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u1eb1m trong m\u00e1ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Puebla, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.[12] \u201cS\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb hay k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. S\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n khai m\u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, huynh \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u00e1i tim Ng\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

17. Ch\u00ednh trong nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u trang C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ecd (x. Tv 34,7). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o qua mi\u1ec7ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 \u2013 ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Amos v\u00e0 Isaia \u2013 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 Israel \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf trong khi \u0111ang \u00e1p b\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t qua vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ecd. \u201cTr\u00e1i tim Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o… To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[13]<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n

18. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn – \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu th\u00e0nh Nadar\u00e9t.[14] N\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00fat b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n\u201d (Pl 2,7), v\u00e0 trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mang \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta. S\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta (x. Ga 1,18; 1Ga 4,9). Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: \u201cAnh em bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u sang ph\u00fa qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00ec anh em, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, anh em tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3\u201d (2Cr 8,9).<\/p>\n

19. Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 in d\u1ea5u trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Ngay t\u1eeb khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i kinh nghi\u1ec7m cay \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. Th\u00e1nh s\u1eed Luca k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c Giuse v\u00e0 Maria, s\u1eafp sinh con, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ealem, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chua x\u00f3t r\u1eb1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho h\u1ecd trong qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd\u201d (Lc 2,7). Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu sinh ra trong khung c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m trong m\u00e1ng c\u1ecf; r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n sang Ai c\u1eadp (x. Mt 2,13-15). V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai, sau khi rao gi\u1ea3ng trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nadar\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n mang l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb l\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh (x. Lc 4,14-30). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ecb ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf, b\u1ecb d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00earusalem \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (x. Mc 15,22). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a privilegium pauperum<\/em> (s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00easia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

20. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c, t\u00e9kt\u014dn<\/em> (x. Mc 6,3). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Khi H\u00e0i nhi Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Giuse v\u00e0 Maria d\u00e2ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd, cha m\u1eb9 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p chim g\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u (x. Lc 2,22-24), theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch L\u00eavi (x. 12,8) th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta nghe v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb7t b\u00f4ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n khi \u0111i qua c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng (x. Mc 2,23-28). Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u00f3t l\u00faa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: \u201cCon ch\u1ed3n c\u00f3 hang, chim tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d (Mt 8,20; Lc 9,58). Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

21. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nadar\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isaia v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: \u201cTh\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n phong t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3\u201d (Lc 4,18; x. Is 61,1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh ra l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng, ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m \u0111au, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi phung c\u00f9i, l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf g\u1ea7n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00ed v\u1ecb (x. Lc 7,22). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Ph\u00fac cho anh em l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a anh em” (Lc 6,20). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf ra \u01b0u \u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 hay y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng ai ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c M\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac, m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn v\u00e0 n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u01b0u ti\u00ean (x. Gc 2,2-4).<\/p>\n

22. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0103n xin. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201ccho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean soi s\u00e1ng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 cho m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh\u201d (Mt 5,45). Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ladar\u00f4: \u201cH\u1ee1i con, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi con, con \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n Ladar\u00f4 th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f2n con th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\u201d (Lc 16,25).<\/p>\n

23. V\u1eady th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d [15] T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m b\u1ecf qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh<\/em><\/p>\n

24. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Gioan vi\u1ebft: \u201cAi kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y\u201d (1Ga 4,20). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng lu\u1eadt, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn hai \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a: “Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u01a1i” (\u0110nl 6,5), v\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh” (Lv 19,18), li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e1nh s\u1eed M\u00e1cc\u00f4 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 sau: “\u0110i\u1ec1u r\u0103n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: ‘Nghe \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i Israel: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n, h\u1ebft tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u0103n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0: ‘Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.’ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hai \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0111\u00f3” (12,29-31).<\/p>\n

25. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch L\u00eavi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng – n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng – ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9: \u201cKhi ng\u01b0\u01a1i g\u1eb7p b\u00f2 hay l\u1eeba c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111i l\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn n\u00f3 v\u1ec1. Khi ng\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ea5y l\u1eeba c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 v\u00ec ch\u1edf n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u n\u00f3\u201d (Xh 23,4-5). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5: b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111ang c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ngay c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, lu\u00f4n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

26. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta d\u00e0nh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 Gioan ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c: \u201cCh\u01b0a ai th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u2026 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ai \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u201d (1Ga 4,12-16). Hai t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0nh cho tha nh\u00e2n, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n: \u201cTa b\u1ea3o th\u1eadt c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng anh em b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00ednh Ta v\u1eady\u201d (Mt 25,40).<\/p>\n

27. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 trong khi v\u1eeba ca ng\u1ee3i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1edf l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta ra cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1, c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo l\u00f4gic t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf ra cho t\u00ednh v\u00f4 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a chung. V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu khuy\u00ean: \u201cKhi anh em \u0111\u00e3i ti\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1eebng m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, anh em, b\u00e0 con hay l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, k\u1ebbo h\u1ecd c\u0169ng m\u1eddi l\u1ea1i anh em, v\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5. Nh\u01b0ng khi anh em \u0111\u00e3i ti\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, qu\u00e8 qu\u1eb7t, \u0111ui m\u00f9, v\u00e0 anh em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac, v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5 cho anh em\u201d (Lc 14,12-14).<\/p>\n

28. L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (x. Mt 25,31-46), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 M\u1ed1i Ph\u00fac th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. Trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa trao cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201cn\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng theo \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.\u201d [16] Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u201cm\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00faa ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u hay s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.\u201d [17]<\/p>\n

29. Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 hay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Giac\u00f4b\u00ea n\u00f3i k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin: \u201cH\u1ee1i anh ch\u1ecb em, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em hay ch\u1ecb em n\u00e0o tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0103n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd: \u2018H\u00e3y \u0111i b\u00ecnh an, m\u1eb7c cho \u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0103n cho no,\u2019 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec? V\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c tin, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u1ebft\u201d (2,14-17).<\/p>\n

30. Th\u00e1nh Giac\u00f4b\u00ea n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cV\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a anh em \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i anh em, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0103n m\u00f2n x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt anh em nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda. Anh em \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef kho t\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau h\u1ebft. N\u00e0y! Ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 g\u1eb7t ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a anh em, m\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u00e3 gian l\u1eadn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, \u0111ang k\u00eau oan, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7t l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn tai Ch\u00faa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o binh. Anh em \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng xa hoa v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, anh em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh no n\u00ea trong ng\u00e0y s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i\u201d (5,3-5). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nghe! M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u00fac b\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan: \u201cN\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y anh em m\u00ecnh l\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d (3,17).<\/p>\n

31. S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u201cr\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd hay l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ta ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang.\u201d [18]<\/p>\n

32. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0 g\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft (x. Cv 6,1-6). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0 g\u00f3a n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i bang. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy l\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 g\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ph\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, trong khi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 lo vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

33. Khi Phaol\u00f4 \u0111i Gi\u00earusalem \u0111\u1ec3 tham v\u1ea5n \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111ang ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i v\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d (Gl 2,2), Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (x. Gl 2,10). V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ngh\u00e8o. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Phaol\u00f4 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vui v\u1ebb\u201d (2Cr 9,7). L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ai trong ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chia s\u1ebb: \u201cAi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 cho Ch\u00faa vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d (Cn 19,17). \u201cH\u00e3y cho \u0111i, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u1ea1i… v\u00ec anh em \u0111ong b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0o, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ong l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5u \u1ea5y\u201d (Lc 6,38). \u201cB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a anh em s\u1ebd b\u1eebng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 r\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a anh em s\u1ebd mau l\u00e0nh\u201d (Is 58,8). C\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

34. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c trang Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau. Qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng trang s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i tim c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng sinh hoa tr\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u00f9a g\u1eb7t b\u1ed9i thu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG BA:  M\u1ed8T GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI NGH\u00c8O<\/strong><\/p>\n

35. Ba ng\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed, v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ni\u1ec1m ao \u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: \u201cT\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft bao m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o!\u201d [19]<\/p>\n

36. Mong mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u201cnh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d [20] Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd hay nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\u2026 Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f2ng vo, r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i g\u1eafn k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[21] V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ng\u00f3t hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m.[22]<\/p>\n

C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i <\/em><\/p>\n

37. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u01a1 khai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4n ngoan theo x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c\u201d (1Cr 1,26). Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. Ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t tay tr\u00ean b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. \u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (diakon\u00eda<\/em> trong ti\u1ebfng Hy l\u1ea1p) nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t (x. Cv 6,1-5). Th\u1eadt \u00fd ngh\u0129a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u m\u00ecnh ra l\u00e0 T\u00eaphan\u00f4, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i T\u00eaphan\u00f4, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

38. G\u1ea7n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, th\u00e1nh L\u00f4rens\u00f4, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 qua vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. [23] T\u1eeb l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng L\u00f4rens\u00f4, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf \u1edf R\u00f4ma trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Sixt\u00f4 II, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n R\u00f4ma bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i giao n\u1ed9p t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. “Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, ng\u00e0i mang theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: ‘\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i’.”[24] Khi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4 h\u1ecfi: “Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu c\u00f3 kho t\u00e0ng n\u00e0o qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng kho t\u00e0ng m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi?”[25] V\u00e0, ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf b\u00ea vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: “Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4n ngoan. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 thu v\u00e9n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t.”[26]<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n

39. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ng\u00e0i. L\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00edn h\u1eefu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 trong s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd coi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5\u201d, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Anti\u00f4kia \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Smyrna \u0111\u1eebng xao l\u00e3ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eebng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u201cNh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng; kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0 g\u00f3a, c\u00e1c c\u00f4 nhi, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c; kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do; nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i hay nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1t.\u201d [27] Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Smyrna, Polycarp, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: \u201cV\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o h\u00e3y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf b\u00ea c\u00e1c g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5, tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n \u2018chu c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019.\u201d [28] T\u1eeb hai ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

40. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, th\u00e1nh Justin\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n H\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Adrian, v\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang R\u00f4ma, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu mang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu v\u00ec h\u1ecd coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quy\u00ean g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd trao cho v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt hay do b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u01b0u tr\u00fa gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu.\u201d[29] \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u01a1 khai kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Giac\u00f4b\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta (x. 2,17).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u<\/em><\/p>\n

41. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft h\u0103ng say nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Constantinople t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1eadn ra Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n: \u201cAnh ch\u1ecb em c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4n vinh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb khinh mi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 che th\u00e2n. \u0110\u1eebng t\u00f4n vinh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a, trong khi ngo\u00e0i kia anh ch\u1ecb em l\u1ea1i th\u1edd \u01a1 khi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng\u2026 [Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd] kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft; trong khi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i kia c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u do ta ngh\u0129 ra\u2026 B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, anh ch\u1ecb em c\u0169ng v\u1eady, h\u00e3y t\u00f4n vinh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng.\u201d[30] Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n th\u1edd, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i g\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u00e0n t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh v\u00e0ng, trong khi ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o? H\u00e3y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi trang ho\u00e0ng b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.\u201d[31] Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u1ed1n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

42. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t l\u00ean \u00e1n s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00ean \u00e1n. \u201cTr\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kia n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1ebb r\u00e1ch, \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3ng, run r\u1ea9y, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111i ngang qua v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf b\u1eebng say x\u1ec9n. V\u1eady l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n mong Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh?… B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng trang \u0111i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n danh d\u1ef1 g\u00ec n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 trang ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh kim tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kia, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u00e9 n\u00e1t, b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, b\u1ecb d\u00e0y v\u00f2 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh.\u201d[32] \u00dd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1eabn th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d[33]<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4<\/em><\/p>\n

43. V\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Ambr\u00f4si\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: \u201cNh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung?\u201d[34] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Milan, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ban ph\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ebb c\u1ea3. Trong l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t mang t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9: ng\u00e0i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

44. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hippo \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c t\u1eed t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i. Trong cu\u1ed1n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang qu\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t: \u201cQuan s\u00e1t anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ng\u1ef1 trong b\u1ea1n, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng h\u00e3y b\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1.\u201d[35] Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Augustin\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

45. V\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng coi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (x. 1Ga 4,20). Khi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201ckho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi\u201d d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o (x. Mt 19,21), th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh dung Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban tr\u1eddi; Ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ch\u00f3ng qua, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi; Ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1nh, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u2026 Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0; Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng khi \u1ed1m \u0111au, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng trong t\u00f9, Ta s\u1ebd trao ban s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do. B\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i chia s\u1ebb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1nh Ta ban s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea1n.\u201d [36] \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua k\u00e9m l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

46. Nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi qui Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m, khi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 xoa d\u1ecbu nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thanh t\u1ea9y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao t\u1eb7ng, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4-ng\u1ee5y danh: \u201cVi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d[37] C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft x\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

47. Trong m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4 v\u1eabn m\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Augustin\u00f4 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e1c \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

48. Nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng Tin M\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m \u0111au<\/em><\/p>\n

49. L\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu – vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong c\u00f9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t – m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m \u0111au (qua h\u1ecd Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn ra Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u1edf Carthage, n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Cyprian\u00f4 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh: \u201cC\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng; li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhau c\u00f3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hay kh\u00f4ng; li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng gia nh\u00e2n \u1ed1m \u0111au c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng; li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf r\u01a1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 hay kh\u00f4ng.\u201d[38] Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, r\u1eeda v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u201cch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o x\u00e1c th\u00e2n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.\u201d[39]<\/p>\n

50. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, th\u00e1nh Gioan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n mang t\u00ean ng\u00e0i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u201cH\u00e3y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, h\u1ee1i anh em c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i!\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh Camillus de Lellis \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng T\u00e1c vi\u00ean Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n – t\u1ee9c D\u00f2ng Camil\u00f4 – \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n: \u201cM\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i, c\u1ea3 trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n, v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9a con duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111au y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d[40] Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 Camil\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Ch\u1eefa Tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

51. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c con m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef tu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. C\u00e1c N\u1eef t\u1eed B\u00e1c \u00e1i Th\u00e1nh Vinh S\u01a1n Phaol\u00f4, c\u00e1c N\u1eef tu B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u mu\u1ed9i Ch\u00faa Quan Ph\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng n\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu tinh t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u01b0u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i, l\u1eafng nghe, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh n\u1edf v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed1c men v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Th\u00e1nh Louise de Marillac \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c N\u1eef t\u1eed B\u00e1c \u00e1i, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng “h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1ed1m \u0111au trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.”[41]<\/p>\n

52. Ng\u00e0y nay, di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m tr\u00fa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u1edf v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n: \u201cTa \u0111au y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng Ta\u201d (Mt 25,36). Khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong c\u00f9i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang chu to\u00e0n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00ea th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu<\/em><\/p>\n

53. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu, kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 cho t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nam n\u1eef \u0111an s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 – c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, danh v\u1ecdng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd xem nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian (contemptus mundiI)<\/em> m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 si\u00eau tho\u00e1t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1nh Basili\u00f4 C\u1ea3, trong Tu Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111an tu, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu\u2026 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9\u2026 L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 qua ch\u00fang ta, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo li\u1ec7u cho nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d[42]<\/p>\n

54. T\u1ea1i X\u00eadar\u00ea, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Basiliad<\/em>, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 \u1edf, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111an s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Qua \u0111\u00f3 Basili\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ta ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

55. \u1ede T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e1nh B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Norcia \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t Tu Lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111an tu \u00c2u ch\u00e2u. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.\u201d[43] \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng: trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i tim ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129, vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1. Ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00f2ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1edf c\u1eeda, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi han, v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

56. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. C\u00e1c nam n\u1eef \u0111an s\u0129 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng thu\u1ed1c men m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t men c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chia s\u1ebb, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u00f4gic t\u00edch l\u0169y. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa. Trong c\u00e1c gian ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i vi, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

57. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m, c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i n\u1eefa. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh n\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 cha, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111an tu l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do nh\u1edd ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 Gioan Cassian\u00f4 vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111an s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u201ctr\u00e1i tim khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tri \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tri \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c ng\u1eddi s\u00e1ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.\u201d[44] B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ed9t khoa \u2018s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m bao g\u1ed3m\u2019 c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. V\u0103n h\u00f3a, mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1. Tri th\u1ee9c, t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng nh\u1edd b\u00e1c \u00e1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

58. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i, thinh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, tu ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e2m linh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110an vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb. Th\u00e1nh B\u00eana\u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Clairvaux, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Xit\u00f4, \u201c\u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[45] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu, n\u1ebfu trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. N\u1ed9i vi \u0111an vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u1ede b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c nam n\u1eef \u0111an s\u0129 m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u2013 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i tinh kh\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n

59. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 xem vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1: \u201cTh\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n phong t\u00f4i, sai t\u00f4i \u0111i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i sai t\u00f4i \u0111i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho k\u1ebb b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m\u201d (Lc 4,18). C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi, ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 (x. 12,5; 24,23) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 in d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

60. Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, khi nhi\u1ec1u Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, hai d\u00f2ng tu \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00f9 nh\u00e2n (Trinitarians), do th\u00e1nh Gioan th\u00e0nh Matha v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Ph\u00eal\u00edch th\u00e0nh Valois s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 D\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t (Mercedarians), do th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4 Nolasco s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Raymond Pe\u00f1afort thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng \u0110a minh. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, trao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u1ea5y[46], v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trao hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u Gloria tibi Trinitas et captivis libertas<\/em> (t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m<\/em>), v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng Mercedarians, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0[47] v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o, khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t anh h\u00f9ng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ba Ng\u00f4i: m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i hy l\u1ec5 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u ra l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta (x. 1Cr 6,20).<\/p>\n

61. Linh \u0111\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu n\u00e0y c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi gian.[48] C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng xem vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed t\u00edch. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chu to\u00e0n gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0o cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu\u201d (Ga 15,13). Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: bu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c.[49] B\u00e1c \u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi n\u00f3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, khi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u201ch\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi – tr\u1ebb em, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i – b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7,\u201d[50] di s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u01b0. Khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nh\u1eefng xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch m\u1edbi tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

62. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac suy t\u01b0 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i giam kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha Phanxic\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3… Nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb b\u00e0o m\u00f2n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c.\u201d[51] Khao kh\u00e1t n\u00e0y, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0u mang b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta\u201d (Gl 5,1). S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong: n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 theo Tin M\u1eebng <\/em><\/p>\n

63. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111an tu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang hay chung, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. H\u1ecd coi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sa m\u1ea1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng Phanxic\u00f4, d\u00f2ng \u0110a minh, d\u00f2ng Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t minh, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (x. C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 4,32). Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 xa hoa c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

64. Th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Assisi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Trong Qui Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cc\u00e1c anh em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa trong ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111i \u0103n xin v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.\u201d[52] Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tr\u00fat r\u1ed7ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: t\u1eeb dinh th\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi phung c\u00f9i, t\u1eeb h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn thinh l\u1eb7ng, t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn trao t\u1eb7ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Phanxic\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng huynh \u0111\u1ec7 theo Tin M\u1eebng. Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n. S\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Phanxic\u00f4 mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, ngang h\u00e0ng hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t t\u1ecfa t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho anh ch\u1ecb em m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

65. Th\u00e1nh Clara th\u00e0nh Assisi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng C\u00e1c B\u00e0 Ngh\u00e8o, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng Clara Ngh\u00e8o. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1t \u1edf vi\u1ec7c trung th\u00e0nh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho \u0111an vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gregory IX c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n Ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 (Privilegium Paupertatis<\/em>), b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o.[53] S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m t\u00edn th\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9. Clara d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 gia nghi\u1ec7p duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che khu\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh n\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n

66. Th\u00e1nh \u0110aminh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Anh em Thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o, x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c. G\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi L\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd rao gi\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0110aminh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.[54] Trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban t\u1eb7ng. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u201ct\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1ecb s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

67. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng theo l\u00f4gic c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1edfi khan hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do: ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn. Nh\u01b0 Thomas Celano \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Phanxic\u00f4: \u201cNg\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u2026 Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1edfi \u00e1o m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd.\u201d[55] Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1eef h\u00e0nh, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u0103n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n

68. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o: \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m vui… M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec anh ch\u1ecb em kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d[56] Trong c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng tri \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a V\u1ecb T\u00f4n S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t, trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

69. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, th\u00e1nh Joseph Calasanz, b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o \u1edf R\u00f4ma, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng k\u1ebf b\u00ean nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Santa Dorotea \u1edf Trastevere. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n D\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ngh\u00e8o M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng Piarists, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c\u201d.[57] Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c can \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.[58] \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh Gioan Baotixita La San, nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng do vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Anh em Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c em n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng huynh \u0111\u1ec7. Th\u00e1nh Gioan La San coi l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

70. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, th\u00e1nh Marcellin Champagnat \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n S\u01b0 huynh Marist c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. \u201cNg\u00e0i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu.\u201d [59] Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00e2m h\u00f3a tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, th\u00e1nh Gioan Bosco \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Sal\u00eadi\u00eang t\u1ea1i \u00dd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng\u201d – l\u00fd tr\u00ed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i. [60] Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Antonio Rosmini \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Tu h\u1ed9i B\u00e1c \u00e1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cb\u00e1c \u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u201cb\u00e1c \u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d, v\u1edbi \u201cb\u00e1c \u00e1i t\u00e2m linh-m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.[61]<\/p>\n

71. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 19, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu Ursulines, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu D\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu Maestre Pie v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c em g\u00e1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a, ch\u0103m lo nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua trau d\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng. H\u1ecd d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i tim, d\u1ea1y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4.<\/p>\n

72. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c thi \u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. Tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c em kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em, trao cho c\u00e1c em nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o coi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, khi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y gieo m\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u00f4n vinh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0<\/em><\/p>\n

73. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m di c\u01b0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Abraham l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u; M\u00f4s\u00ea d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng qua sa m\u1ea1c; Maria v\u00e0 Giuse tr\u1ed1n sang Ai c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng H\u00e0i nhi Gi\u00easu. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201c\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn\u201d (Ga 1,11), \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ra n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cTa l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n Ta\u201d (Mt 25,35).<\/p>\n

74. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, khi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho di d\u00e2n: Th\u00e1nh Gioan Baotixita Scalabrini v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Xavi\u00ea Cabrini. Scalabrini, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Piacenza, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Th\u1eeba sai Th\u00e1nh Charles \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0i coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1. Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho m\u00ecnh, \u201cScalabrini h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i bang.\u201d [62]  Th\u00e1nh Frances Cabrini, sinh ra t\u1ea1i \u00dd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 nhi vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng, cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tr\u00e1i tim hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i: trong nh\u1eefng t\u00fap l\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf.\u201d[63] Trong N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh 1950, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Di c\u01b0.[64]<\/p>\n

75. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi di d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bnh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Caritas Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di c\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb: ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi hi\u1ec7n sinh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp.\u201d [65] Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa! H\u1ecd mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4! Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Quan ph\u00f2ng ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi huynh \u0111\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t Tin M\u1eebng h\u01a1n.\u201d[66] Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i. \u1ede n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em; n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n. V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi di c\u01b0 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111ang g\u00f5 c\u1eeda c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta <\/em><\/p>\n

76. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eebng n\u1edf \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o – l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u00e1i tim Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa y\u00eau\u2019 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c (x. Lc 6,20). Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd, Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i h\u1ecd, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

77. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Calcutta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh n\u0103m 2016, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng Th\u1eeba Sai B\u00e1c \u00c1i, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u00e2n c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o cho th\u1ea5y M\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho h\u1ecd: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u2018x\u00f3t xa t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p\u2019 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng; h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1.\u201d[67] T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e2u xa, coi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 phong ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho M\u1eb9: \u201cM\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? M\u1eb9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trong thinh l\u1eb7ng chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Th\u00e1nh Nhan c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018Hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a thinh l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n; hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin; hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau; hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.\u2019 Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ong \u0111\u1ea7y trong tr\u00e1i tim M\u1eb9 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap M\u1eb9 lan t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u201d[68] M\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

78. T\u1ea1i Brazil, th\u00e1nh Dulce c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Bahia\u201d – th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n Tin M\u1eebng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng Brazil. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 hai n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea5t h\u1ee7i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u201ccho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i vi hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.[69] Ch\u1ecb Dulce \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed3ng g\u00e0, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Ngh\u00e8o Nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ecb c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui. \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ecb xa c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u00fap ch\u1ecb \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

79. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Benedict Menni v\u00e0 c\u00e1c N\u1eef tu B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt; th\u00e1nh Charles de Foucauld gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf Sahara; th\u00e1nh Katharine Drexel v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9; N\u1eef tu Emmanuelle, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1t r\u00e1c \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 Ezbet El Nakhl c\u1ee7a Cairo; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y Tin M\u1eebng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cmang\u201d Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ban ph\u00e1t \u201ct\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecd\u201d.[70] V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang gi\u1eef v\u1ecb th\u1ebf cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/em><\/p>\n

80. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu s\u0129. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau do gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. T\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i \u2018kh\u00f4ng\u2019 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau… V\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u2018qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi… H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00e1nh hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u00e1c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.\u201d[71]<\/p>\n

81. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi \u201cc\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf; s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c\u2026 Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0m.\u201d[72] V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201cbao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh chung\u201d.[73] Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201c\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho<\/em><\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a<\/em><\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau\u201d.[74] N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd, \u201cn\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd suy tho\u00e1i, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c; n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.[75] C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG B\u1ed0N:  M\u1ed8T L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec \u0110ANG TI\u1ebeP DI\u1ec4N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/em><\/p>\n

82. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ean l\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ma tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nam n\u1eef tu s\u0129, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc theo nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u00ean l\u1ec1, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

83. Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong 150 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Rerum Novarum<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c L\u00ea\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1nh Gioan XXIII, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mater et Magistra<\/em> (1961), \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

84. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, th\u00e1nh Gioan XXIII, trong S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n thanh ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1962, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, r\u1eb1ng \u201cGi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec: l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[76] Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i – v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh Gioan XXIII – \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. T\u00ednh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u Ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Lercaro \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n trong tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1962: \u201cM\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ng\u00e0y nay \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[77] Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.\u201d[78] V\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Bologna, khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho b\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00fa nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[79] C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gian, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to l\u1edbn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

85. Khi khai m\u1ea1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y do v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u00eau ra, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u201c\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 than kh\u00f3c: Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng.\u201d[80] Trong bu\u1ed5i Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bchung ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1964, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4,\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t; m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4; c\u00f2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n k\u00e9p; \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh.\u201d[81] Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

86. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i\u2026 Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i coi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u2026 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026 Theo b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n gian. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tham v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.\u201d[82] X\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 VI n\u00eau l\u1ea1i trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Populorum Progressio<\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n \u201cchi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng\u201d.[83] Trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngh\u00e8o [84] v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

87. V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi b\u00e1c \u00e1i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u201d.[85] Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo Rei Socialis<\/em>, ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0y nay, do chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m ng\u01a1 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa h\u1ed9\u2019 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn anh Ladar\u00f4 n\u1eb1m \u0103n xin tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh (x. Lc 16,19-31)\u201d.[86] Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c canh t\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ta v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng cha ch\u00fa\u201d t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng khung trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laborem Exercens<\/em>, ng\u00e0i th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201clao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d.[87]<\/p>\n

88. Gi\u1eefa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00ean\u00ea\u0111ict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em>, ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n\u201d.[88] H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng do b\u1edfi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho b\u1eb1ng do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p do c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay do s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\u201d[89]<\/p>\n

89. \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c R\u00f4ma, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh trong vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ngay sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 La tinh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 do cho h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Oscar Romero, T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c San Salvador, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Medell\u00edn, Puebla, Santo Domingo v\u00e0 Aparecida c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Peru trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba sai, t\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Phanxic\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1o ra ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/em><\/p>\n

90. T\u1ea1i Medell\u00edn, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o: \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0 \u2018Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3.\u2019 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta\u2026 C\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u anh ch\u1ecb em ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u00e0o c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, t\u00ecnh li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 giao ph\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.\u201d[90] C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chia s\u1ebb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng \u1edf M\u1ef9 La tinh, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Puebla \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Medell\u00edn, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00e1ch d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/p>\n

91. L\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i\u201d [91], v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u201cch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i \u2013 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eef trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.\u201d[92] B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d[93]<\/p>\n

92. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u00e1n \u201cch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u201ctrong khi thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111ang t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung \u2013 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111ang ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1ea3o, \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u201d[94] Kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n minh cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u00f4m nay, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y mai, v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngh\u00e8o c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

93. Trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dilexit Nos<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Phanxic\u00f4 nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tha h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d[95] Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1edbt l\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u201cgi\u1ecdt\u201d nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tha h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi ch\u00fang ta gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tha h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c trao hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.\u201d[96]<\/p>\n

94. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n mang t\u00ednh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u0111ang l\u00e0m n\u00f3 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 suy s\u1ee5p, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.\u201d[97] T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u201cl\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d[98] Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201cng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[99]<\/p>\n

95. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.\u201d[100] Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee9 quay l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u1edbi \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd n\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y. Ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai ho\u1eb7c l\u00e9n l\u00fat ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u201ch\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n nay, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp h\u00f3a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d[101]<\/p>\n

96. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u (v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) s\u1ebd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, khu ph\u1ed1, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o sinh s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd nhau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi! Th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn bi\u1ebft bao nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c!\u201d[102] Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u201cch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n do s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 do n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf.\u201d[103] B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cs\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh.\u201d[104]<\/p>\n

97. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng, d\u00f9 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 d\u00f9 b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2y th\u01a1. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p Ph\u00fac \u00c2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. Lc 4,43); \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u201d[105]<\/p>\n

98. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 h\u00f4m nay: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u00e2m linh, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tinh tuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.\u201d[106]<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3<\/em><\/p>\n

99. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Aparecida, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[107] V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Aparecida \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.[108] Trong S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa Cha, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.\u201d[109]<\/p>\n

100. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/strong> c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y; v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u201cb\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t hay trong V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Aparecida c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2026 Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: h\u1ecd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c tin cho con c\u00e1i, tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn ra ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1eaft Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d[110]<\/p>\n

101. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u201cS\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00f4i th\u00fac t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm thi\u1ec7n \u00edch cho h\u1ecd. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o trong l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u hay v\u00ec h\u1ee3m h\u0129nh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d[111] V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.<\/p>\n

102. Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a\u201d [112] b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan b\u00ed nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecd.\u201d [113] L\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, t\u00edn th\u00e1c v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u trong l\u00f2ng. Nh\u1eefng ai trong ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG N\u0102M:  M\u1ed8T TH\u00c1CH TH\u1ee8C TH\u01af\u1edcNG H\u1eb0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

103. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn ra Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang ta. L\u00e0 Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kinh nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o – b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0o – l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi phong tr\u00e0o canh t\u00e2n trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u2013 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u2013 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

104. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t trong ch\u00fang ta\u201d. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Theo c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Aparecida, \u201cch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1eafng nghe h\u1ecd, s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh b\u00ean h\u1ecd trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[114]<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu<\/em><\/p>\n

105. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 coi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha Phanxic\u00f4, trong Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu (x. Lc 10,25-37), d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu \u1ea5y m\u1edbi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha Phanxic\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta: \u201cB\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, tuy v\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. B\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3? Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u201cm\u00f9 ch\u1eef\u201d trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn sang h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecf \u0111i qua v\u00e0 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh.\u201d[115]<\/p>\n

106. Th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay. \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i b\u1eeba b\u00e3i n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Cha y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ch\u1ecb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu! Li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?\u201d [116] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

107. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd \u01a1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y xung quanh th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tinh vi v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta loay hoay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t an, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Xin cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng sa xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Samari Nh\u00e2n H\u1eadu.\u201d [117] Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n trong Tin M\u1eebng – \u201ch\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d (Lc 10,37) – l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 <\/em><\/p>\n

108. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma, khi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n man di, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu: \u201cGi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Ladar\u00f4 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin v\u00e2y quanh ch\u00fang ta, c\u1ea7u xin b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta… V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i; \u0111\u1eebng t\u00edch tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ea1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\u201d[118] Th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 can \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eebng khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd, v\u00ec ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang thanh t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d[119] R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ta m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ta ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng cho ch\u00fang ta, gi\u00fap ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gieo v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

109. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 mong manh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng che gi\u1ea5u n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hung h\u0103ng h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n. H\u1ecd nh\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 C\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng ai t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u2018T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i m\u00e0.\u2019 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa h\u1ed9 kia kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong khi s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a ra ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n trong l\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c: trong s\u1ef1 sung t\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd; c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n.\u201d[120]<\/p>\n

110. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u201cth\u1eadt thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.\u201d[121] \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, \u0111au y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y. \u201cM\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.\u201d[122]<\/p>\n

111. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t ra b\u00ean l\u1ec1, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cl\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 – \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng lu\u00f4n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i – l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u201d[123] Trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[124]<\/p>\n

112. \u0110\u00f4i khi, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00edt quan t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[125]<\/p>\n

113. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5y trang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng.\u201d[126]<\/p>\n

114. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00e2m linh\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u201d[127] Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ngay c\u1ea3 trong gi\u1edbi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.\u201d T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1o danh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi tinh hoa, vi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng thay v\u00ec l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an \u1ed5n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, thi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 vun \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan mang l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay<\/em><\/p>\n

115. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1eafm, ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Nh\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u01a1n, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n coi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o b\u00e0n tay, kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d [128] M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

116. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1eaft h\u1ecd, ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o h\u1ecd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, d\u00f9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng (pietas<\/em>) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n in d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n: \u201cPh\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00ec h\u1ecd chia c\u01a1m s\u1ebb b\u00e1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u201d (22,9).<\/p>\n

117. C\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ca ng\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed: \u201cH\u00e3y ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a con\u2026 H\u00e3y t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong kho t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a con, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u con kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi tai \u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (Hc 29,8,12). Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cH\u00e3y b\u00e1n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. H\u00e3y s\u1eafm cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169 r\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hao h\u1ee5t \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, n\u01a1i k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m kh\u00f4ng b\u00e9n m\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 n\u00e1t\u201d (Lc 12,33).<\/p>\n

118. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh cho l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bay l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d[129] C\u0169ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh Gregory th\u00e0nh Nazianzus \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, l\u00e0 anh em v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3; ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n, cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c, ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Maria \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 Giuse th\u00e0nh Arimathea, hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 Nic\u00f4\u0111\u00eam\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1eeda v\u1eddi, hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e2ng cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng, nh\u0169 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hy l\u1ec5… V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 khi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u1edf v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.\u201d[130]<\/p>\n

119. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng vun x\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 loay hoay v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, trong khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng niu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3. D\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m tr\u00e1i tim chai \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m, v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

120. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ecdi r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, mang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebb th\u00f9. N\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khe k\u00edn \u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9: n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay \u0111ang c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

121. Qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em, qua nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, hay qua c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ecb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecf ri\u00eang v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd: \u201cTa \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d (Kh 3,9).<\/p>\n

Ban h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma, \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4, ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10, L\u1ec5 k\u00ednh th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 Assisi, n\u0103m 2025, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng L\u00ca\u00d4 XIV<\/p>\n

(Lm. Giuse L\u00ea C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, PSS, d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

_____________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

<\/a>[1]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dilexit Nos<\/em><\/a> (24.10.2024), 170: AAS <\/em>116 (2024), 1422.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2]<\/a> Ibid .<\/em>, 171: AAS <\/em>116 (2024), 1422-1423.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Gaudete et Exsultate<\/em><\/a> (19.3.2018), 96: AAS <\/em>110 (2018), 1137.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/em> (16.3.2013): AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 381.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5]<\/a> J. Bergoglio – A. Skorka , D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, <\/em>Buenos Aires 2013, 214.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6]<\/a> Phaol\u00f4 VI, B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp Chung cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/em> (7.12.1965): AAS<\/em> 58 (1966), 55-56.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7]<\/a> Cf. Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 187: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1098.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8]<\/a> Ibid.<\/a>, 212: AAS <\/em>105 (2013), 1108.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em><\/a> (3.10.2020), 23: AAS <\/em>112 (2020), 977.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[10]<\/a> Ibid.<\/a>, 21: AAS <\/em>112 (2020), 976.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11]<\/a> H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb (85\/8\/EEC) v\u1ec1 H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ed1ng N\u1ea1n Ngh\u00e8o \u0110\u00f3i <\/em>(19.12.1984), Art. 1(2): T\u1eadp san ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/em>, No. L 2\/24.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12]<\/a> Cf. Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/em> (27.10.1999): L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 28.10.1999, 4.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[13]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 197: AAS <\/em>105 (2013), 1102.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14]<\/a> Cf. Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5<\/em> (13.6.2021), 3: AAS<\/em> 113 (2021), 691: \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/a>[15]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 186: AAS <\/em>105 (2013), 1098.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[16]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Gaudete et Exsultate<\/em><\/a> (19.3.2018), 95: AAS <\/em>110 (2018), 1137.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[17]<\/a> Ibid ., <\/em>97: AAS <\/em>110 (2018), 1137.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[18]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11. 2013), 194: AAS <\/em>105 (2013), 1101.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[19]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/em> (16.3.2013): AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 381.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[20]<\/a> C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf T\u00edn l\u00fd Lumen Gentium<\/em><\/a>, 8.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[21]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 48: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1040.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[22]<\/a> Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 suy t\u01b0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, xin \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u2018V. Paglia, Storia della povert\u00e0<\/em>, Milan 2014\u2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[23]<\/a> Cf. Ambrosi\u00f4, De officiis ministrorum<\/em> I, cap. 41, 205-206: CCSL<\/em> 15, Turnhout 2000, 76-77; II, cap. 28, 140-143: CCSL<\/em> 15, 148-149.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[24]<\/a> Ibid., II, cap. 28, 140: CCSL<\/em> 15, 148.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[25]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[26]<\/a> Ibid., II, cap. 28, 142: CCSL<\/em> 15, 148.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[27]<\/a> Inhaxi\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Antiokia, Epistula ad Smyrnaeos<\/em>, 6, 2: SC<\/em> 10bis, Paris 2007, 136-138.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[28]<\/a> Polycarp\u00f4, Epistula ad Philippenses<\/em>, 6, 1: SC <\/em>10bis, 186.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[29]<\/a> Justin\u00f4, Apologia prima<\/em>, 67, 6-7: SC<\/em> 507, Paris 2006, 310.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[30]<\/a> Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, Homiliae in Matthaeum<\/em>, 50, 3: PG<\/em> 58, Paris 1862, 508.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[31]<\/a> Ibid. 50, 4: PG 58, 509.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[32]<\/a> Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, Homilia in Epistula ad Hebraeos<\/em>, 11, 3 : PG <\/em>63, Paris 1862, 94.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[33]<\/a> Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u, Homilia II De Lazaro<\/em>, 6: PG<\/em> 48, Paris 1862, 992.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[34]<\/a> Ambrosi\u00f4, De Nabuthae<\/em>, 12, 53: CSEL<\/em> 32\/2, Prague-Vienna-Leipzig 1897, 498.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[35]<\/a> Augustin\u00f4, Enarrationes in Psalmos<\/em>, 125, 12: CSEL<\/em> 95\/3, Vienna 2001, 181.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[36]<\/a> Augustin\u00f4, Sermo LXXXVI<\/em>, 5: CCSL<\/em> 41Ab, Turnhout 2019, 411-412.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[37]<\/a> Pseudo-Augustin\u00f4, Sermo CCCLXXXVIII<\/em>, 2: PL<\/em> 39, Paris 1862, 1700.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[38]<\/a> Cyprian\u00f4, De mortalitate<\/em>, 16: CCSL<\/em> 3A, Turnhout 1976, 25.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[39]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 30<\/em> (10.12.2021), 3: AAS<\/em> 114 (2022), 51.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[40]<\/a> Camillus de Lellis, Qui lu\u1eadt D\u00f2ng T\u00e1c vi\u00ean Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/em>, 27: M. Vanti (ed.), Scritti di San Camillo de Lellis<\/em>, Milan 1965, 67.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[41]<\/a> Louise de Marillac, Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c Ch\u1ecb Claudia Carr\u00e9 v\u00e0 Maria Gaudoin<\/em> (28.11.1657): E. Charpy (ed.), Th\u00e1nh Louise de Marillac. \u00c9crits<\/em>, Paris 1983, 576.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[42]<\/a> Basili\u00f4 C\u1ea3, Regulae fusius tractatae<\/em>, 37, 1: PG<\/em> 31, Paris 1857, 1009 C-D.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[43]<\/a> Tu lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em>, 53, 15: SC<\/em> 182, Paris 1972, 614.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[44]<\/a> Gioan Cassian\u00f4, Collationes<\/em>, XIV, 10: CSEL<\/em> 13, Vienna 2004, 410.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[45]<\/a> Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c XVI, Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/em> (21.10.2009): L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 22.10.2009, 1.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[46]<\/a> Cf. Innocent III, Bull Operante divinae dispositionis \u2013<\/em> Primitive Rule of the Trinitarians<\/em> (17.12.1198), 2: J.L. Aurrecoechea \u2013 A. Mold\u00f3n (eds.), Fuentes hist\u00f3ricas de la Orden Trinitaria <\/em>(s. XII-XV)<\/em>, C\u00f3rdoba 2003, 6: \u201cM\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c anh em ph\u1ea3i chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c anh em… Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef v\u00ec tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/a>[47]<\/a> Cf. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p D\u00f2ng<\/em> Mercedarian<\/em>, n. 14: Orden de la Bienaventurada Virgen Mar\u00eda de la Merced, Regla y Constituciones, <\/em>Rome 2014, 53: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ch\u00fang ta th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c, qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ee9a d\u00e2ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/a>[48]<\/a> Cf. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Baotixita Conception, La regla de la Orden de la Sant\u00edsima Trinidad<\/em>, XX, 1: BAC Maior<\/em> 60, Madrid, 1999, 90: \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y… D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i qui t\u1ee5 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 treo tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, D\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/a>[49]<\/a> Cf. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Baotixita Conception, El recogimiento interior<\/em>, XL, 4: BAC Maior<\/em> 48, Madrid 1995, 689: \u201c\u00dd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch b\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[50]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 48<\/em> (8.12.2014), 3: AAS<\/em> 107 (2015), 69.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[51]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, G\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1i giam, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean<\/em> (Verona, 18.5.2024): AAS <\/em>116 (2024), 766.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[52]<\/a> Honorius III, Bull Solet annuere \u2013<\/em> Regula bullata <\/em>(29.11.1223), chap. VI: SC<\/em> 285, Paris 1981, 192.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[53]<\/a> Cf. Gregory IX, Bull Sicut manifestum est<\/em> (17 September 1228), 7: SC <\/em>325, Paris 1985, 200: \u201cSicut igitur supplicastis, altissimae paupertatis propositum vestrum favore apostolico roboramus, auctoritate vobis praesentium indulgentes, ut recipere possessiones a nullo compelli possitis.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/a>[54]<\/a> Cf. S.C. Tugwell, (ed.), Early Dominicans. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Mahwah 1982, 16-19.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[55]<\/a> Thomas of Celano, Vita Seconda<\/em>, pars prima<\/em>, cap. IV, 8: AnalFranc<\/em>, 10, Florence 1941, 135.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[56]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb sau chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m m\u1ed9<\/em> Don Lorenzo Milani<\/em>, (Barbiana, 20.6.2017), 2: AAS<\/em> 109 (2017), 745.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[57]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecb <\/em><\/a>\u2026<\/em> ( Piarists<\/em>) (5.7.1997), 2: L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 6.7.1997, 5.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[58]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[59]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh (18.4.1999): AAS<\/em> 91 (1999), 930.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[60]<\/a> Cf. Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u01b0 Iuvenum Patris<\/em> (31.1.1988), 9: AAS<\/em> 80 (1988), 976.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[61]<\/a> Cf. Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean T\u1ed5ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ecb\u2026 <\/em> (Rosminians)<\/em><\/a> (1.10.2018): L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 1-2.10.2018, 7.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[62]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh<\/em> (9.10.2022): AAS<\/em> 114 (2022), 1338.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[63]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho D\u00f2ng C\u00e1c N\u1eef tu Th\u1eeba sai Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2m<\/em> (31.5.2000), 3: L\u2019Osservatore Romano,<\/em> 16.7.2000, 5.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[64]<\/a> Cf. Pi\u00f4 XII, Papal Brief Superior Iam Aetate<\/em> (8.9.1950): AAS<\/em> 43 (1951), 455-456.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[65]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cho Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 T\u1ecb n\u1ea1n L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 105<\/em> (27.5.2019): AAS<\/em> 111 (2019), 911.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[66]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Message for the 100th<\/sup> World Day of Migrants and Refugees<\/em><\/a> (8.2013): AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 930.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[67]<\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Calcutta, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb d\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh<\/em> (Oslo, 10.12.1979): Y\u00eau cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au<\/em>, Lyon 2017, 19-20.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[68]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00f4ma d\u1ecbp phong Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa (20.10.2003), 3: L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 20-21.10.2003, 10.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[69]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Tuy\u00ean th\u00e1nh (13.10.2019): AAS <\/em>111 (2019), 1712.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[70]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, T\u00f4ng th\u01b0 Novo Millennio Ineunte<\/em><\/a> (6 January 2001), 49: AAS<\/em> 93 (2001), 302.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[71]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Christus Vivit<\/em> (25.3.2019), 231: AAS<\/em> 111 (2019), 458.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[72]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho C\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/em> (28.10.2014): AAS<\/em> 106 (2014), 851-852.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[73]<\/a> Ibid .<\/em>: AAS<\/em> 106 (2014), 859.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[74]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb cho C\u00e1c Tham d\u1ef1 vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/em> (5.11.2016): L\u2019Osservatore Romano<\/em>, 7-8.11.2016, 5.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[75]<\/a> Ibid.<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>[76]<\/a> Gioan XXIII, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n thanh g\u1eedi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai m\u1ea1c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/em> (11.9.1962): AAS<\/em> 54 (1962), 682.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[77]<\/a> G. LERCARO, Tham lu\u1eadn <\/em>(6.12.1962), 2: AS<\/em> I\/IV, 327-328.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[78]<\/a> Ibid., 4: AS<\/em> I\/IV, 329.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[79]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (ed.), Per la forza dello Spirito. Discorsi conciliari del Card. Giacomo Lercaro<\/em>, Bologna 1984, 115.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[80]<\/a> Phaol\u00f4 VI, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb Khai m\u1ea1c Kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/em> (29.11.1963): AAS<\/em> 55 (1963) 857.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[81]<\/a> Phaol\u00f4 VI, Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd <\/em>(11.11.1964): Insegnamenti di Paolo VI<\/em>, II (1964), 984.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[82]<\/a> C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Gaudium et Spes<\/em><\/a>, 69, 71.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[83]<\/a> Phaol\u00f4 VI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Populorum Progressio<\/em><\/a> (26.3.1967), 23: AAS<\/em> 59 (1967), 269.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[84]<\/a> Cf. ibid., 4: AAS<\/em> 59 (1967), 259.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[85]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Sollicitudo Rei Socialis<\/em><\/a> (30.12.1987), 42: AAS<\/em> 80 (1988), 572.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[86]<\/a> Ibid., AAS<\/em> 80 (1988), 573.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[87]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laborem Exercens<\/em><\/a> (14.9.1981), 3: AAS<\/em> 73 (1981), 584.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[88]<\/a> Benedict\u00f4 XVI, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Caritas in Veritate<\/em><\/a> (29.6.2009), 7: AAS<\/em> 101 (2009), 645.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[89]<\/a> Ibid., 27: AAS<\/em> 101 (2009), 661.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[90]<\/a> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em> Medell\u00edn <\/em>(24.10.1968), 14, n. 7: Celam, Medell\u00edn. Conclusiones<\/em>, Lima 2005, 131-132.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[91]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 202: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1105.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[92]<\/a> Ibid., 205: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1106.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[93]<\/a> Ibid., 190: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1099.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[94]<\/a> Ibid., 56: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1043.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[95]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dilexit Nos<\/em><\/a> (24.10.2024), 183: AAS<\/em> 116 (2024), 1427.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[96]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Centesimus Annus<\/em><\/a> (1.5.1991), 41: AAS<\/em> 83 (1991), 844-845.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[97]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 202: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1105.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[98]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[99]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em><\/a> (3.10.2020), 22: AAS<\/em> 112 (2020), 976.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[100]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 209: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1107.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[101]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> <\/em>(24.5.2015), 50: AAS<\/em> 107 (2015), 866.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[102]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 210: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1107.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[103]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Laudato Si\u2019<\/em><\/a> (24.5.2015), 43: AAS<\/em> 107 (2015), 863.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[104]<\/a> Ibid., 48: AAS <\/em>107 (2015), 865.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[105]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 180: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1095.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[106]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin, Hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u2018Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng\u2019<\/em> (6.8.1984) XI, 18: AAS<\/em> 76 (1984), 907-908.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[107]<\/a> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em> Aparecida<\/em>, (29.6.2007), n. 392, Bogot\u00e1 2007, pp. 179-180. Cf. Benedict\u00f4 XVI, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb Khai m\u1ea1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh<\/em> (13.5.2007), 3: AAS<\/em> 99 (2007), 450.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[108]<\/a> Cf. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em> Aparecida <\/em>(29.6.2007), nn. 43-87, pp. 31-47.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[109]<\/a> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, S\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/em> (29.5.2007), n. 4, Bogot\u00e1 2007, p. 275.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[110]<\/a> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em> Aparecida <\/em>(29.6.2007), n. 398, p. 182.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[111]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 199: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1103-1104.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[112]<\/a> Ibid.<\/a>, 198: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1103.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[113]<\/a> Ibid.<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>[114]<\/a> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Chung L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c M\u1ef9 La tinh, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em> Aparecida <\/em>(29.6.2007), n. 397, p. 182.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[115]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em><\/a> (3.10.2020), 64: AAS <\/em>112 (2020), 992.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[116]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Gaudete et Exsultate<\/em><\/a> (19.3.2018), 98: AAS <\/em>110 (2018), 1137.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[117]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Fratelli Tutti<\/em><\/a> (3.10.2020), 65-66: AAS <\/em>112 (2020), 992.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[118]<\/a> Gregory C\u1ea3, Homilia<\/em> 40, 10: SC <\/em>522, Paris 2008, 552-554.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[119]<\/a> Ibid .<\/em>, 6: SC<\/em> 522, 546.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[120]<\/a> Ibid .<\/em>, 3: SC <\/em>522, 536.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[121]<\/a> Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Centesimus Annus<\/em><\/a> (1.5.1991), 57: AAS<\/em> 83 (1991), 862-863.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[122]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, V\u1ecdng L\u1ec5 Hi\u1ec7n Xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Phong tr\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i <\/em>(18.5.2013): L\u2019Osservatore Romano <\/em>20-21.5.2013, 5.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[123]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Evangelii Gaudium<\/em><\/a> (24.11.2013), 186: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1098.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[124]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/a>, 188: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1099.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[125]<\/a> Cf. ibid.<\/em><\/a>, 182-183: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1096-1097.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[126]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/a>, 207: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1107.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[127]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em><\/a>, 200: AAS<\/em> 105 (2013), 1104.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[128]<\/a> Phanxic\u00f4, Di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Genoa<\/em> (27.5.2017): AAS<\/em> 109 (2017), 613.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[129]<\/a> Pseudo-Chrysostom, Homilia de Jejunio et Eleemosyna:<\/em> PG<\/em> 48, 1060.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[130]<\/a> Gregory Nazianzus, Oratio<\/em> XIV, 40: PG<\/em> 35, Paris 1886, 910.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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