{"id":4160,"date":"2013-12-04T07:16:52","date_gmt":"2013-12-04T00:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=4160"},"modified":"2013-12-04T07:16:52","modified_gmt":"2013-12-04T00:16:52","slug":"tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tin-dong-tac-phat-tu-con-tim-18\/","title":{"rendered":"TIN, \u0110\u1ed8NG T\u00c1C PH\u00c1T T\u1eea CON TIM (18)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng: m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(b\u00e0i 20)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Ph\u1ea7n 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ni\u1ec1m tin <\/strong>(ti\u1ebfp theo)<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1ea5t t\u00e2m-l\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Nay, xin m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i, ta quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u00e2m-l\u00fd n\u01a1i ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Khi ta \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m-k\u00edch bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp, l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o hai ti\u1ebfn-tr\u00ecnh trong thi\u00ean-t\u00ednh c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c-ngu\u1ed3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con thu\u1ea7n-khi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u-t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tin-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n tu\u00f4n-\u0111\u1ed5 ng\u1eadp-tr\u00e0n n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf-b\u00e0y ni\u1ec1m c\u1ea3m-k\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-lai Ng\u00e0i t\u00e1c-t\u1ea1o. N\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cung l\u00f2ng si\u00eau-nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00e1nh-thi\u00eang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 khai-tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e8 nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t suy-lu\u1eadn t\u00e2m-l\u00fd n\u01a1i t\u01b0-t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u00eam \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00f2ng t\u01b0-t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean-Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng ki\u1ebfn-t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u\/bi\u1ebft \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta trong m\u1ecdi huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf-b\u00e0y. K\u1ebft-cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean-do cho kh\u1ea3-n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u\/bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd-ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft-gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t-bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoa-h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u00e1n khi\u1ebfn ta tin, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m. Tri\u1ebft-gia Aristotle, b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec1-l\u1ed1i khoa-h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u01b0u-ti\u00ean cho cung-c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t-bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn ra hi\u1ec7u-n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t-ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch-th\u1ebf kh\u1edfi-\u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u0129nh-h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u00e1n n\u00e0y (th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean-Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t-bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7u-ti\u00ean t\u1ef1 b\u00e0y-t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean-do t\u01b0\u01a1ng-h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi huy\u1ec1n-nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t \u00fd-ngh\u0129a. Theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd-do khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u1ed5ng-Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc<\/em>\u201d kh\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e0i Thi\u00ean-Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7m-th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u1edf bu\u1ed5i h\u1ed9i-th\u1ea3o v\u00e0o k\u1ef3 t\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i-dung ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 —————-<\/p>\n

\u00a0Gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin\u00a0 theo t\u00e2m-l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>M\u1eabu \u201cch\u1ecdn-l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c\u201d l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ta v\u00e0o v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i-t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t-xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc m\u1eb9\/cha \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-nh\u1eadp\u201d. C\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c t\u00edch-c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eau-v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc-m\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n th\u1eadt do t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. V\u00e2ng. Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi-h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1ecb-ki\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh-thi\u00eang, n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: kh\u00f4ng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: c\u1ea3 khi ta duy-tr\u00ec m\u1eabu-m\u00e3 tham-gia v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec cung-c\u00e1ch ta tham-gia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan-tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng-\u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, vv… Do nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 li\u00ean-quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n-g\u1ed1c m\u1eb9\/cha, mang nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn-\u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n-g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t-tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ——————-<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n II<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00f4-h\u00ecnh v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c; <\/strong><\/p>\n

th\u0103ng-ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c-bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tinh kinh-\u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh-ng\u1eef l\u00e2u nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7c-tr\u01b0ng v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh-c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7-tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cc\u00f4ng-khai\/tr\u1ed5i b\u1eadt\u201d. Ngay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Cajetan c\u0169ng t\u1eebng s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m-t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00edn-\u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh-thi\u00eang th\u1ef1c-thi \u00fd-ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7-tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cc\u00f4ng khai\/tr\u1ed5i b\u1eadt\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n-gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh-kh\u1ea3-thi cho th\u1ea5y v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch chia, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 san-s\u1ebb c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn-v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m-ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u201cD\u00f2ng T\u00ean\u201d, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n-t\u1eeb m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Y-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: \u201cph\u00e1p-s\u01b0\u201d c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4 xem ra \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba-nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh-hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong \u201cchi\u00eam-ni\u1ec7m\u201d. Th\u00e1nh-nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft trong l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn-\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng-t\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tinh c\u0169ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \u201cfinis istus doctrinae est contemplation primae veritatis in patria\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bion l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: ta n\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1-ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9ng m\u01a1\u201d \u1edf t\u00e2m-l\u00fd. Theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed-d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tri-th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd-ch\u00ed, m\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i c\u00f2n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c-bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed, n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Rousselot, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t \u201cc\u00f4ng-nhi\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng-\u0111\u00edch ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c-ti\u00eau chung.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Panikkar l\u1ea1i l\u00f4i-k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u mang t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n-ch\u1ee7ng-h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n\u2026 V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c-ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i n\u00e0o y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Tillich lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ra theo ng\u00f4n-t\u1eeb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201c\u01b0u-t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i-\u0111\u1ebf\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Kristeva l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnhu-c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tin<\/em>\u201d; v\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng coi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u-tr\u01b0ng ti\u00ean-kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef1-v\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng th\u1ee9 v\u0103n-b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o mang t\u00ednh li\u00ean-\u0111\u1edbi gi\u1eefa v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c (theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y) v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh-ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>V\u00e0, t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0, nguy\u1ec7n-c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 suy-t\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec5m-s\u1eafc-th\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u00e2m-th\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh-c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tri-th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u1edf t\u00e1c-ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 mang t\u00ean Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, <\/em>khi b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cKhi khung tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y sao, vi\u1ec5n-c\u1ea3nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c khung c\u1eeda l\u1ed9ng k\u00ednh l\u1edd m\u1edd chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi s\u1eafc-m\u1ea7u t\u00edm ng\u1eaft khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea7u-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00edch-th\u00fa v\u1eabn k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t m\u1edb c\u00e1c \u00fd-ngh\u0129a, s\u1eafc m\u00e0u, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vu\u1ed1t ve\/m\u01a1n tr\u1edbn, n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edd ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a l\u1eb1n s\u00e1ng, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng th\u1edf d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf tr\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i \u0111em t\u00f4i \u0111i xa v\u00e0 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t t\u00f4i qua b\u1edd ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u201cuy-nghi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n-h\u1ee7y trong tr\u1ea1ng-th\u00e1i m\u00ea-say c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 k\u00fd-\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y. Trong k\u00fd-\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng-t\u1ef1 \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t d\u1eebng-\u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb-nhung n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m nhung-nh\u1edb kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng-y\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau-th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n-t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eddi-s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a kinh-ng\u1ea1c trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 lang-thang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1n xa v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Theo t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed3-gh\u1ec1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0, khi n\u00f3i v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u00fd-th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i-n\u0103ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Akin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb-ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i tr\u1ef1c-ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n-ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh linh-h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quan-n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9i-ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c-ti\u1ebfp. T\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p-nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c tranh-lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0: ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan-n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 ba, s\u00e2u s\u00e1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n-c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a sinh-ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3-n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh-v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sinh-ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tri-th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u00fd-ch\u00ed, ch\u1ee9? T\u00f4i, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc linh-thi\u00eang mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7-tr\u1ee3 \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n-h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh-v\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n-g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd-do \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i-\u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00edch-th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdn-v\u1eb9n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan-\u0111i\u1ec3m tri-th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd-ch\u00ed. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tri-th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m-x\u00fac b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ——————–<\/p>\n

\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c-t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 linh-\u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngay \u0111\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba-h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m-vi ph\u00e1n-\u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng-t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c-ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c l\u00fd-l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: t\u1ea1i sao t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Kristeva l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i-t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra r\u1eb1ng: b\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m-tin thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i-h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (nh\u01b0 trong t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd-ch\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n) nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n-h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ta ra nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3-thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111ang vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u, h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap b\u00e0 con m\u00ecnh suy-ni\u1ec7m Tin M\u1eebng th\u00e1nh Luca n\u0103m C cho c\u00e1c tu\u1ea7n s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. Vi\u1ebft t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i nguy\u1ec7n-c\u1ea7u mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee9u-\u0111\u1ed9 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc kinh \u201c\u00ea a\u201d ho\u1eb7c ngay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00fd-ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n-thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng-th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, th\u1ebf c\u0169ng n\u00ean?<\/p>\n

\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb chi\u1ec1u-k\u00edch th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tri-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00fd-ch\u00ed, th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng. V\u00e2ng. Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u01b0ng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u01b0 l\u00e0…\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u-h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c, coi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n-t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00fac-b\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sinh-l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh-h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng-\u0111\u1ecdng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t k\u1ec1m-n\u00e9n c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Nay, t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong \u201cs\u1ef1\u201d v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ec1m-n\u00e9n s\u00e2u-s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3n-thi\u00eang\/linh-\u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec sao? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ta ph\u00e2n-t\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u1eafng nghe\u201d ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1ng nghe th\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 th\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng tr\u1ecb-li\u1ec7u<\/span> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc-h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea7m-ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 xem ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng-h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m-th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00fd-ch\u00ed v\u1edbi sinh-ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c-\u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u-s\u00e1t h\u01a1n, ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 Kristeva t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u1ee7-ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n-v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u1eb7c, c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7-ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n-v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ea9n-b\u1ecb cho th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn kinh-nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n-th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ecb-ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa?<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c-v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ta hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t-nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t-li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u201cchia-x\u1ebb\u201d ta gi\u1ea3ng-gi\u1ea3i l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh-c\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i loanh-quanh chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c-\u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u-s\u1eafc qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd-do cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng-y\u00eau tr\u00ecu-m\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c-\u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u201970 l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t cao-\u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1eabu-m\u00e3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 \u00fd-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n-khai t\u00ednh-ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n-tr\u1edf \u00e1nh-s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu-d\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng-hi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c-t\u00ednh si\u00eau-nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u0103ng? T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u00e0 con, anh ch\u1ecb em c\u00f3 c\u01a1-h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 suy-t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa…<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 —————<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Lm Kevin O\u2019Shea, CSsR<\/em><\/p>\n

Mai T\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III Th\u1ea7n-h\u1ecdc ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng: m\u00f4-h\u00ecnh v\u00f4-th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-4160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mai-ta","tag-nam-duc-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4160"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4161,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160\/revisions\/4161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}