{"id":4411,"date":"2014-01-13T08:35:54","date_gmt":"2014-01-13T01:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=4411"},"modified":"2014-01-13T08:52:32","modified_gmt":"2014-01-13T01:52:32","slug":"hoc-hoi-doi-song-hon-nhan-va-gia-dinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/hoc-hoi-doi-song-hon-nhan-va-gia-dinh\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1eccC H\u1eceI \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG H\u00d4N NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 GIA \u0110\u00ccNH"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c “H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em>” t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Kim Long, Hu\u1ebf<\/a>, trong N\u0103m Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh 2014. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o (Gaudium et spes, Familiaris consortio<\/em>, Th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II g\u1edfi c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh…). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y trong cours h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cha Luc Cr\u00e9py, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

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H\u1eccC H\u1eceI \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG H\u00d4N NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 GIA \u0110\u00ccNH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG L\u1ee8A \u0110\u00d4I: M\u1ed8T TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M PH\u1ea2I S\u1ed0NG TH\u01af\u1edcNG NG\u00c0Y<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00fac h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau nhau tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng v\u00e2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trao ban cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb.M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c.T\u00e2m t\u00ecnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh trao ban: c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu mang l\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, m\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao hi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0169 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. Ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 trao hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Khi s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c[1]<\/a>\u201d.Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i. \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft chung th\u1ee7y v\u00e0o l\u00fac k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. L\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hay g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qua h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chung th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u201d: \u201cth\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1 \u00ec ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c[2]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi gian.<\/em><\/p>\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 do \u00f3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00eau b\u1eadt th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i.Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.Vi\u1ec7c ngang qua th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>\u00a0: Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n\u00a0? Trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0? Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p\u00a0?Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ng\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng, n\u0103m s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u2013 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng \u2013 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 xuy\u00ean qua th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 hay c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i xem ra kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh tha th\u1ec3. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n \u00ab\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110i v\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u00f3a\u00a0[3]<\/a>\u00bb. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hay gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u2013 hay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u2013 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3\u00a0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n\u00a0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab\u00a0b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u00bb, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em>\u00a0: Th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp quen v\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u2026R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0o l\u00fac h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00a0: \u00fd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a, \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Tin M\u1eebng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (tha th\u1ee9, b\u00e1c \u00e1i\u2026). Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh canh t\u00e2n ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi m\u1eddi\u00a0 g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5\u00a0\u00bb b\u1edfi v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.Trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edf ra cho sinh s\u1ea3n trong ch\u00ednh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.S\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n.C\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. S\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ngay t\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0m quen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m quen v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 vui bu\u1ed3n, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau hao th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a tinh th\u1ea7n.Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta ghi nh\u1eadn<\/em>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u00a0: s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, b\u00ean kia c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, do b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 sinh s\u1ea3n hay l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

+ H\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>\u00a0: m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c\u00a0: d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u01a1i l\u00ean n\u01a1i v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam.Ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111ang khi n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m quen ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef chia s\u1ebb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ni\u1ec1m vui g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p), vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 (sinh \u0111\u1ebb). C\u00e1ch chung chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 \u00e2u y\u1ebfm t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0ni\u1ec1m vui th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0\u00a0\u00bb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00e2n x\u00e1c cho ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1ecb h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u00bb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111ang khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u ni\u1ec1m vui th\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng s\u1ef1 vui th\u00fa n\u00e0y), nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c trao hi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u00ab\u00a0M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0\u00bb (HV, s\u1ed1 13). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao hi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u00ab\u00a0t\u00ecnh y\u00eau to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n\u00a0\u00bb (HV, s\u1ed1 9 \u00ab\u00a0ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan vui s\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c trao hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u00bb.)<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i\u00a0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m vui th\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0: c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd vui h\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eeba thai trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh sinh s\u1ea3n, hay \u00edt ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3.V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\u00a0+ H\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3<\/em>\u00a0: tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0 x\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng.T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef h\u01a1n b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh hay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0, trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n trong quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111ang khi \u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0: v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb \u0103n m\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

+ Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0: n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u00a0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c\u00a0: ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00e0 hay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u2018bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n\u00a0?\u2019) nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n vui s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1eeba b\u00e3i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u00bb. C\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c h\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, n\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ef1 do hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0? \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia\u00a0? Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y hay c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 kia \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a\u00a0? C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n can thi\u1ec7p m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a nhau\u00a0\u00bb. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0? M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c trao hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 trao ban. S\u1ef1 vui th\u00fa do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ham mu\u1ed1n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a hai h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nhau, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1eed h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

4. Linh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

Familiaris consortio<\/em> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh xuy\u00ean qua b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho linh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0: \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ngang qua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu.Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi xuy\u00ean qua b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

+ Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eabn nhau\u00a0: c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1.Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

+ B\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u00a0: b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u1eeba l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab\u00a0d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u0110\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n ti\u1ebfng \u00ab\u00a0v\u00e2ng\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nhau cam k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

+ B\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh\u00a0: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea5n h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n\u00a0: n\u1ebfu \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u2013 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i \u2013 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u \u01a1n g\u1ecdi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0: c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd sang l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

+ M\u00e1i \u1ea5m, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0: m\u00e1i \u1ea5m, \u00ab\u00a0Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf\u00a0\u00bb, tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf\u00a0: s\u1ef1 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u2026<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u00a0: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a v\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Linh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n (m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh), c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u1ea3 hai, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eadn ra Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0;<\/p>\n

– Qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng\u00a0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0;<\/p>\n

– \u0110i v\u00e0o trong l\u00f4-g\u00edc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\u00a0: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 trao ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u00a0;<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ec3 cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn\u00a0: n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 (\u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i\u00a0\u00bb), th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a ngang qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u00a0;<\/p>\n

– Chi\u00eam ng\u0103m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4-Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (\u00caph 5).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00c0I N\u00c9T C\u0102N B\u1ea2N V\u1ec0 LU\u00c2N L\u00dd GI\u1edaI T\u00cdNH <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh,\u2026). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 suy t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

1. Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed1t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u1edf tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c (trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u00ab\u00a0sexe<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00ab\u00a0secare<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb = c\u1eaft). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a xung quanh). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh\u00a0: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi ca, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a trao \u0111\u1ed5i\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00a0: n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng<\/em>. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t\u00a0: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh d\u1ee5c (g\u00e9nitalit\u00e9)<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh d\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u1ee5 thai, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c. Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9, t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i non tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh h\u00f3a cho d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0o trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh sinh d\u1ee5c (do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m khi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i).<\/p>\n

3. Ba chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ba chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch\u00a0:<\/p>\n

+ chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan<\/em>\u00a0: s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi\u00a0 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. Trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd – v\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau -, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u00e2u y\u1ebfm, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chung, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c (s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00e0i h\u00f2a)\u2026, nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

+ chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/em>\u00a0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sinh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh n\u00f3. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn (kh\u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tha h\u00f3a n\u00f3). \u00ab\u00a0D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ba\u00a0: hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, cho d\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

+ chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sinh s\u1ea3n<\/em>\u00a0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n m\u1edf ra cho h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra cho tha nh\u00e2n, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cha hay l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0: b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u2026Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

5. Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh\u00a0: t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 – \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, x\u00e2y d\u01b0ng trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u2013 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam hay n\u1eef trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c xung n\u0103ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft trong Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc t\u1eeb t\u1eeb trong th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

6. \u0110\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch\u00a0: m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c\u00a0: ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang nh\u1ecbn m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng sinh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n g\u00e2y n\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch khai ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c[6]<\/a>. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n linh. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 3\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00d4N NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 GIA \u0110\u00ccNH THEO VATICAN II<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Gaudium et spes<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 46-52) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0\u00bb.Theo c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5\u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u201cc\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u201d, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u201ch\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho bi\u1ebft bao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u201d tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

D\u00e0n b\u00e0i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

+ H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay (s\u1ed1 47):<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (s\u1ed1 48)<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ban nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

    –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, theo C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 do \u201cb\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n linh, trong \u0111\u00f3, hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nhau, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 an b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/p>\n

    –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

    –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n: h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>B\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNh\u01b0 x\u01b0a kia Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, B\u1ea1n Tr\u0103m N\u0103m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng qua B\u00ed T\u00edch H\u00f4n Ph\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i trung th\u00e0nh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p m\u00ecnh v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.\u201d \u201cB\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ed t\u00edch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh: cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        + T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (s\u1ed1 49)<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u00e2n linh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau v\u00e0 bao h\u00e0m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n linh.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1edf ra cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

        –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n hung v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5n hung c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

        Trong Humanae Vitae<\/em>, s\u1ed1 8-9, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 sau: 1) ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; 2) n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i cho nhau; 3) n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; 4) n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n: v\u1eeba c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1eeba thi\u00eang li\u00eang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c; 5) n\u00f3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n m\u01b0u \u00edch cho nhau v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1; 6) n\u00f3 chung th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft; 7) n\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

        + S\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (s\u1ed1 50)<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh. \u0110\u1ee9a con l\u00e0 \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 cao\u00a0 qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tham d\u1ef1 hay c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh s\u1ea3n do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1eeba bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra: v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00ean sinh h\u1ea1 bao nhi\u00eau con c\u00e1i? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00ednh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 con v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sau: 1) x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?…); 2) \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i (c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00ean nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?…); 3) xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng; 4) bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ?C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cNgay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng tha thi\u1ebft mong m\u1ecfi, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n con c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

        + H\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u1ed1 51)<\/p>\n

        \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh.B\u1edfi v\u00ec, \u0111\u00f4i khi, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 con c\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c n\u1ea3y sinh: \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n m\u1eadt v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i b\u1ecb s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

        V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh s\u1ea3n?\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n. Ph\u00e1 thai v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u201cKhi c\u1ea7n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh trong m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c l\u00fd do, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ch quan suy di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hay khoa h\u1ecdc (thu\u1ed1c vi\u00ean, v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn, bao cao su, c\u1eaft hay bu\u1ed9c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tinh hay tr\u1ee9ng\u2026). Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae Vitae<\/em>, s\u1ed1 14, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cC\u1ea5m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n, d\u00f9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hay ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, hay l\u00e0 khi vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

        + B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (s\u1ed1 52)<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

        * \u1ede trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh: \u0110\u1ec3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 chu to\u00e0n s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n: v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i<\/p>\n

        * Trong \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        * Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh: L\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh qua ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        * Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc gia chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n: gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

        * c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c:C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c : 1) n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, l\u1ec5 nghi ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 hay nh\u1eefng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang kh\u00e1c. 2) C\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i h\u1ecd trong l\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd trong t\u00ecnh b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

        *c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong t\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

        N\u00f3i chung, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a GS, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, cha Alain Mattheews \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y\u00a0:<\/p>\n

        a) m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u00a0: h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trao hi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        b) \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh[7]<\/a>\u00a0: \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eabn nhau (48,2), v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh cho con c\u00e1i (48,3) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con c\u00e1i c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9 (48,4). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, sinh s\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        c) \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u00a0: C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Cha A. Mattheews cho th\u1ea5y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0S\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1 sinh h\u1ecdc-ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly, s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u00bb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, khi n\u00f3i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 khi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, giao \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        d) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u00ab\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kia. Sinh s\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian duy nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n, xuy\u00ean qua b\u00ed t\u00edch H\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

        T\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\u00a0:<\/p>\n

        + C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u00e2u xa m\u00e0\u00a0 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i (48,1).<\/p>\n

        + Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (48,1\u00a0; 50,1).<\/p>\n

        + \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trung th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1ecd qua b\u00ed t\u00edch H\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd (48,2).<\/p>\n

        + \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi b\u00ed t\u00edch H\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n, khi th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau (48,2).<\/p>\n

        + Cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau (48,3-4).<\/p>\n

        + C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao hi\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa l\u1eabn nhau (49,2).<\/p>\n

        + L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (50,2).<\/p>\n

        + H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m sinh s\u1ea3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con c\u00e1i, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (50,3).<\/p>\n

        + C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c thi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa giao ph\u00f3. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u1ee5 thai (51,3). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh (51,3). Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn trong s\u1ef1 quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (51,4).<\/p>\n

        + Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i (52,1).<\/p>\n

        + Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (52,2).<\/p>\n

        + C\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (52,3). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n (52,4).<\/p>\n

        + C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (52,5). C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i t\u00e2n h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (52,6).<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 4:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        H\u1eccC H\u1eceI T\u00d4NG HU\u1ea4N FAMILIARIS CONSORTIO\u00a0<\/strong>(Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II, 1981)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t l\u1edbn <\/strong><\/p>\n

        I. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n\u00a0: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng (TH\u0110) Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V (1980), b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay\u00a0\u00bb. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a TH\u0110 \u2013 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u2013 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a hai TH\u0110 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3\u00a0: n\u0103m 1974\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a\u00a0\u00bb (gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1977\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0\u00bb (vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb TH\u0110 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb,v\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Ban Th\u01b0 K\u00fd TH\u0110 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (instrumentum laboris<\/em>) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh TH\u0110. V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00ab\u00a0xem-x\u00e9t-l\u00e0m\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n, sau ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        + ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3)\u00a0: ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf\u2026).<\/p>\n

        + ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft)\u00a0: k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00f4m nay (vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f4n \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Giao \u01af\u1edbc, b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n,\u2026).<\/p>\n

        + ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba (m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5)\u00a0: c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o (th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, linh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng,\u2026).<\/p>\n

        L\u00fac khai m\u1ea1c TH\u0110, trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan-Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00a0:<\/p>\n

        + m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c TH\u0110 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        + v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf\u00a0\u00bb – trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        + s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ea1n \u1edf TH\u0110 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        + quan ni\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ga 17)\u00a0;<\/p>\n

        + c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0: \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        V\u00e0o l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac TH\u0110, 43 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 xin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u00ab\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u00bb (x. Documentation catholique<\/em>, s\u1ed1 1809, 07\/06\/97), l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a TH\u0110. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eef d\u00e0n b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 nam m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22.11.1981 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

        II. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n<\/em><\/p>\n

        N\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb, \u00ab\u00a0ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9\u00a0\u00bb, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111ang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. B\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00ab\u00a0t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00bb. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00ab\u00a0nghe theo\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khinh d\u1ec3\u00a0\u00bb (s\u1ed1 5). Theo ch\u00e2n Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00ab\u00a0ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i li\u00ean l\u1ec9\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3\u00bb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00ab\u00a0vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m\u00a0\u00bb (s\u1ed1 9). Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef cho ph\u00e9p-c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00ab\u00a0Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea3m\u00a0 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi g\u1eaft gao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u00a0\u00bb (s\u1ed1 86).<\/p>\n

        Sau ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n bao h\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c xem-x\u00e9t-l\u00e0m<\/em>. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ba ph\u1ea7n kia.<\/p>\n

        + D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mang \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gia \u0111inh \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

        + Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0: Xem (ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u00f4m nay<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

        V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh Tin M\u1eebng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y nay (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n khai tri\u1ec3n) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh Tin M\u1eebng n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        + Ph\u1ea7n hai<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0: X\u00e9t (nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb. Vi\u1ec7c khai tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n