{"id":481,"date":"2012-12-10T21:44:39","date_gmt":"2012-12-10T14:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=481"},"modified":"2012-12-10T21:44:39","modified_gmt":"2012-12-10T14:44:39","slug":"su-hien-huu-cua-nguoi-kito-huu-mot-hien-huu-duoc-keu-goi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/su-hien-huu-cua-nguoi-kito-huu-mot-hien-huu-duoc-keu-goi\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef0 HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI KIT\u00d4 H\u1eeeU, M\u1ed8T HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU \u00ab \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C K\u00caU G\u1eccI \u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong tay. N\u01a1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhan \u0111\u1ec1 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 l\u1edd m\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. T\u00f9y theo n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khai tri\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb. T\u00f4i xin ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong ba ph\u1ea7n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ba khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu (typologie) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 J. Grootaers [1], m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u01a1i b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng y Feltin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3\u00a0:<\/p>\n

I. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u00a0\u00bb (\u0153uvres);<\/em><\/p>\n

II. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n;<\/em><\/p>\n

III. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/strong>ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111ang n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3. M\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i \u00fd\u00a0!<\/p>\n

I. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. D\u00f9 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0 Ozanam, Louis Veuillet, Montalembert, L\u00e9on Harmel\u2026Ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean che khu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch chung chung, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u00a0\u00bb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, tham gia, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 vun tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh (contre-culture). Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00ab\u00a0ph\u00f2ng gi\u1eef\u00a0\u00bb (pr\u00e9servation) v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u00a0\u00bb (conservation).<\/p>\n

B. \u01a0n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Trong b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Mt 22, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch d\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh Gioan Kim Kh\u1ea9u\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0H\u00e3y \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft gia, binh l\u00ednh\u2026Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u00ab\u00a0H\u00e3y \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026\u00a0\u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin [2].\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i Y. Congar nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 rao gi\u1ea3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00ab\u00a0nh\u00e2n danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i Eckhart v\u00e0 n\u01a1i Tauler, c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u00a0: Khi ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u1ea1i cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Tauler minh nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi hay \u01a1n g\u1ecdi (ruof<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa [3].\u00a0Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb \u00a0cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c hay tu s\u0129. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Documantation catholique<\/em> t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1919 \u0111\u1ebfn 1929 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong m\u00f4t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 m\u00f9a chay v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1920 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Landrieux, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Dijon\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. C\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng bao nhi\u00eau vi\u1ec7c cha s\u1edf gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4n ngoan tin t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. (\u2026) C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. (\u2026) Cha s\u1edf c\u1ea7m l\u00e1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap cho ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m con<\/em> [4].\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cha J. Leclercq, c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0V\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u00a0\u00bb [5], ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng\u00a0; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c, thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 \u1ea5m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp minh nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n

II. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950-1960 [6]\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II\u00a0: Y. Congar, K. Rahner [7], \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Philips, \u0110\u1ee9c Cha J. Leclercq v\u00e0 E.Schillebeeckx [8]. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i<\/em>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang. C\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cho h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1eadu\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u00a0: l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ed1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf Y. Congar \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n<\/em> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y [9].\u00a0\u00bb T\u00ednh song c\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf [10]. Ch\u00ednh n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf trong C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd kh\u01a1i l\u00ean cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m (crise du mandat) \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n

B. \u01a0n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1n Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n <\/em>c\u1ee7a Y. Congar c\u00f3 t\u00e1m trang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb. Nh\u1eefng trang n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fa t\u00e2m cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u sau\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i\u00a0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi<\/em> nh\u01b0 Bernanos n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n\u00a0\u00bb [11].\u00a0\u00bb V\u00e0 Congar n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1nh \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng, theo l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00e0, c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean hay m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh<\/em>,\u2026 [12]\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Y. Congar kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng (cr\u00e9ationnel<\/em>) v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi (vocationnel<\/em>). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, l\u00fac m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. Tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12 v\u00e0 l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Abraham ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00ab\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em> [13].\u00a0\u00bb V\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 Quan Ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> [14].\u00a0\u00bb Congar kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00ab\u00a0c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng\u00a0\u00bb l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft\u00a0\u00bb, ch\u00fang \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0\u00bb. Congar kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.\u00a0\u00bb \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Y.Congar n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng A\u0111am c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Kit\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia ch\u00fang ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o s\u0129\u00a0: v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng A\u0111am l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y<\/em> [15].\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i suy c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng. Trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kia, Y. Congar nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

III. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp theo sau<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1957, G. Philips [16] s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu chia s\u1ebb, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u00ab\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i thai tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u1ed9 ra, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf Lumen Gentium<\/em>, cho d\u1ea7u, c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o H. Heimerl [17] \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chung (g\u00e9n\u00e9rique) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u00a0: h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 31 c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (\u2026), v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecd, th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.\u00a0\u00bb Th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c\u00a0\u00bb (unipolaire)\u00a0: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129. \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u01a1n c\u1ef1c\u00a0\u00bb l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 duy nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0song c\u1ef1c\u00a0\u00bb (bipolaire)\u00a0: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu s\u0129. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 31 c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng tu s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (\u2026).\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu\u00a0: gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u00ab\u00a0Theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 chung c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 [18].\u00a0\u00bb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u0103n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n cho thi\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (LG 30).\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + M\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. (\u2026) \u01a0n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (LG 31b).\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cho d\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i \u2013 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u2013 H. Heimerl cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em> kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh song c\u1ef1c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50-60 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c<\/em> c\u1ee7a Congar nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u01a1i m\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 31 c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i hay \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3n Relatio<\/em> th\u00eam (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n)\u00a0: \u201cUlterius Concilium non proponit definitionem \u2019ontologicam\u2019 laici, sed potius descriptionem \u00ab\u00a0typologicam\u00a0[19].\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch\u00a0: Xa h\u01a1n, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u00ab\u00a0h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc\u00a0\u00bb v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u00ab\u00a0ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>)\u00a0 B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Heimerl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng [20].<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a LG 31<\/em> gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. T\u00ednh th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0c\u00e1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u00a0\u00bb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o s\u0129-gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B. \u01a0n g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch quan ni\u1ec7m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang n\u01a1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n h\u1eadu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u00bb, Christifideles laici,<\/em> ng\u00e0y 30\/12\/1988.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb (vocation). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 15 l\u1ea7n trong Lumen Gentium<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3i chung, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Trong T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n<\/em> (Christifideles laici), <\/em>n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 74 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (appel) hay \u00ab\u00a0g\u1ecdi\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb (appeler), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang 40 l\u1ea7n trong Lumen Gentium<\/em> v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 80 l\u1ea7n trong Christifideles laici.<\/em><\/p>\n

a) M\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00f3i chung, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chung v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 Lumen Gentium<\/em> 32 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia.\u00a0\u00bb B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 chung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung n\u00e0y trong Christifideles laici.<\/em> S\u1ed1 2 c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng hu\u1ea5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng Mt 20, 3-4\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 ba, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf ra, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf kh\u00f4ng, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee3. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cC\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0\u00bb V\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u1ea3 c\u00e1c anh n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y \u0111i\u00a0\u00bb. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef\u00a0; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0: c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0S\u1ed1 3 c\u1ee7a Christifideles laici<\/em> nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00faa vang v\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed7i kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, n\u01a1i th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch khai t\u00e2m Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00bb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i Gaudium et Spes 11<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u2013\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u01b0ong\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0– \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Christifideles laici <\/em>(s\u1ed1 16, ctcnd) l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V c\u1ee7a Lumen Gentium<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf chia s\u1ebb \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung n\u00ean th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, d\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u00bb (x. LG 40); \u00ab\u00a0B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0\u00bb (LG 42). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chung \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho m\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

b) M\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Christifideles laici<\/em>, nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1987 cho th\u1ea5y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u01a0n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 chung nh\u1edd ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ly, v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.\u00a0\u00bb \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n sinh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 s\u1ed1 15 c\u1ee7a Christifideles laici<\/em> kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng r\u00fat h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian (\u2026) nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 trao cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ebf gian : Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, nh\u01b0 men t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, h\u1ecd th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d (LG 11). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ban cho h\u1ecd \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u201ct\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa xuy\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb (LG 11). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

c) Nh\u1eefng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (sp\u00e9ciale) hay \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 (sp\u00e9cifique)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Christifideles laici <\/em>kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec trong \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u00ab\u00a0\u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0\u00bb, nh\u01b0 \u1edf s\u1ed1 49\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/em>\u00a0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng (\u2026).\u201d\u00a0 \u01a0n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u1edf s\u1ed1 52 b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9\u201d.\u00a0 B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Christifideles laici<\/em> c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n \u1edf s\u1ed1 56 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi n\u00f3i trong danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u00a0\u00bb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sau c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ngay trong m\u1ed7i b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em>, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng t\u00edn h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u201cchung\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tr\u1ed5 sinh nh\u1eefng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u201cri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t\u201d \u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed5 sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Vatican II, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft bao \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d: m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00f3i chung, m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang, nh\u1eefng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c\u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n hay v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khai tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng l\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Lm. Laurent VILLEMIN, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Paris<\/strong><\/p>\n

———————–<\/p>\n

1] J. Grootaers, \u201cLe la\u00efc au sein de l\u2019Eglise communion<\/em>\u201c, Pro Mundi Vita, 106, 1986\/3, p. 9.<\/p>\n

[2] Catena Aurea, in Mattheum XXII<\/em>, 6-9, Marietti, p. 319-320.<\/p>\n

[3] Y. Congar, Jalons pour une th\u00e9ologie du la\u00efcat<\/em>, Paris, Cerf, 1953, p. 600.<\/p>\n

[4] DC, 1920\/3, 287.<\/p>\n

[5] DC, 1926\/15, 542.<\/p>\n

\u00a0[6] Trong P. Guilmot, La fin d\u2019une Eglise cl\u00e9ricale<\/em>, Paris, Cerf, 1969, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 l\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n hai.<\/p>\n

[7] K. Rahner, \u201cL\u2019apostolat des la\u00efcs\u201d, Nouvelle Revue Th\u00e9ologique<\/em>, n\u00b01, 1986, 3-32.<\/p>\n

[8] E. Schillebeeckx, La Mission de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, Ed. CEP, Bruxelles, 1969. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[9] Y. Congar, op. cit., p. 45.<\/p>\n

[10] Trong E. Schillebeeckx, \u201cLa d\u00e9finition typologique du la\u00efc chr\u00e9tien selon Vatican II\u201d, in L\u2019Eglise de Vatican II<\/em>, tome III, Paris, Cerf, 1966, p. 1030, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

[11] Y. Congar, op. cit., p. 599.<\/p>\n

[12] ibid., p. 600.<\/p>\n

[13] ibid., p. 602.<\/p>\n

[14] ibid., p. 602.<\/p>\n

[15] ibid., p. 606.<\/p>\n

[16] G. Philips, La mission de l\u2019Eglise<\/em>, document de base pour le Congr\u00e8s Mondial de l\u2019apostolat des la\u00efcs, Rome, 1957.<\/p>\n

[17] H. Heimerl, \u201cConcepts de la\u00efc dans la Constitution sur l\u2019Eglise de Vatican II\u201d, Concilium<\/em>, 13, Mars 1966, 117-126.<\/p>\n

[18] H. Heimerl, ibid., p. 119.<\/p>\n

[19] G. Alberigo et F. Magistretti, Constitutionis dogmaticae \u201cLumen gentium\u201d synopsis historica<\/em>, Bologna, ISR, 1975, p. 467-468.<\/p>\n

[20] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch th\u00fa v\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong LG 31 trong E.Schillebeeckx, \u201cLa d\u00e9finition typologique\u2026\u201d, art. cit., p. 1013-1033.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0: <\/strong>VILLEMIN, Laurent, <\/em>\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019existence chr\u00e9tienne, une existence \u201cappel\u00e9e\u201d\u00a0? \u00bb, <\/em>trong\u00a0 <\/strong>Th\u00e9ologie de la vocation<\/em>, <\/strong>Colloque de l\u2019Institut Catholique de Paris (f\u00e9vrier 2001),<\/em> Revue Jeunes et Vocations, 3e trimestre, s\u1ed1 102, tr.51-57.<\/p>\n

Lm. Ph\u00ear\u00f4 V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

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\u00ab\u00a0D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,27,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gia-dinh","category-giao-dan","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":483,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481\/revisions\/483"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}