{"id":496,"date":"2012-12-12T14:42:57","date_gmt":"2012-12-12T07:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=496"},"modified":"2013-12-11T10:25:59","modified_gmt":"2013-12-11T03:25:59","slug":"tin-ich-cua-computer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/tin-ich-cua-computer\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef0 TI\u1ec6N \u00cdCH C\u1ee6A COMPUTER V\u00c0 INTERNET"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mau ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111a\u1ecb, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee3i – h\u1ea1i \u00a0trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u00e0y, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00f4\u0129 ngu\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con em c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ean cho \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, h\u1ea7u \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a con em ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p xin\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\u00a0I) T\u1ea6M QUAN TR\u1eccNG C\u1ee6A COMPUTER V\u00c0 INTERNET[1]<\/a> CHO VI\u1ec6C H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI C\u00c1C EM.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, \u00edt c\u00f3 ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a computer, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\"\"<\/a> T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 Internet, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng computer v\u00e0 Internet ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, khi\u1ebfn cho computer kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111a d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng computer \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch b\u00e0i v\u1edf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c, v\u1ebd h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 online… khi bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh r\u1ed7i th\u00ec ch\u01a1i games.<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0o computer, connect v\u00f4 Internet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u cho l\u1eafm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u01a1\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0 (email) trong v\u00f2ng t\u00edch t\u1eafc. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, computer v\u00e0 Internet tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho tr\u1ebb em. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u1eadt s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, v\u1eeba h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1eeba nguy hi\u1ec3m; nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n trong k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

\u00a0II) NH\u1eeeNG M\u1eb6T T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C V\u00c0 TI\u00caU C\u1ef0C C\u1ee6A COMPUTER V\u00c0 INTERNET TRONG VI\u1ec6C H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C CON EM.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0A) NH\u1eeeNG M\u1eb6T T\u00cdCH C\u1ef0C:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 20 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n (computer) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 computer \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 computer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a computer trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn lao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo John Ward v\u00e0 Pat Griffiths (1996), th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u00a01) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng computer ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 computer h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u00a02) Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a computer. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec computer th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u00a03) Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

4) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng computer \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em (Valdemar, 1995).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Hi\u1ec7n nay, b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee7y ban, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o n\u1ed9i dung cho b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n computer v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng computer cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00ecn chung, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a computer v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf \u00dac \u0111ang \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, do computer c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i – h\u1ea1i khi mua computer cho con em. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng computer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c do th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3, nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c do s\u1ed1t ru\u1ed9t s\u1ee3 con m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c computer, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 computer, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 xem con m\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng computer nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Valdemar \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1000 h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u00e2y c\u00f3 computer \u1edf nh\u00e0. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 56% c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng computer \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i game, 67% c\u00e1c em b\u1ecf ra tr\u00ean 2 gi\u1edd m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng computer v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc, 14% c\u00e1c em th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t khuya kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n d\u00f3c (chat), chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a01) SO S\u00c1NH TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u00d4NG TR\u00caN INTERNET V\u00c0 C\u00c1C PH\u01af\u01a0NG TI\u1ec6N TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u00d4NG KH\u00c1C<\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay cho c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 t\u00fac l\u1eabn cho nhau. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Internet c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi \u0111inh\u00a0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, trong khi truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, truy\u1ec1n thanh ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, Internet cho ph\u00e9p cho ch\u00fang ta truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00f3i tr\u00ean trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, nghe ti\u1ebfng ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i m\u00e2n c\u00f4i v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Internet mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B\u00e1o ch\u00ed, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n thanh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh khu v\u1ef1c (local). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u l\u00ean Internet, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u00e1n, th\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Internet. Henry Edward Hardy (1996) \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 250,000 t\u1edbi 500,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng InternetC\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 800,000 trong n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 1,200,000 trong n\u0103m 1998. \u00a0Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y theo nh\u01b0 Hardy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. Th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. S\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, truy\u1ec1n thanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft, tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ngay. Ai kh\u00f4ng nghe, kh\u00f4ng coi k\u1ecbp th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean Internet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng (download) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1n, th\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, hay chia s\u1ebb l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Internet g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb3n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 in v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trang s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean Internet nh\u01b0 sau. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i, chia s\u1ebb cho nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh n\u1eefa. Th\u1ee9 hai, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (World Wide Web =www) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c nhanh. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trong cu\u1ed1n ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh computer\u00a0 “Han Mac Tu”, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 H\u00e0n M\u1eb7c T\u1eed r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c Web site c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

\u00a02) KH\u1ea2 N\u0102NG TH\u1ef0C S\u1ef0 C\u1ee6A COMPUTER TRONG GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C H\u1eccC SINH B\u1eacC TRUNG H\u1eccC<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u00ecn chung, computer c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Seymour Papert, l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n (computer programming) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Papert, h\u1ecdc sinh d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (programming language) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 l\u00e0 LOGO v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn, l\u00f9i, quay tr\u00e1i, quay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t con logo di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i (algorithm).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a computer l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u00f4n t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: CD t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00dac Ch\u00e2u<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Theo Bower (1995), 85% c\u00e1c nhu li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh, m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd (graphics), ho\u1ea1t h\u1ecda (animation) … n\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c em v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i, ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1edbt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4 khan h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng phu c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc sinh ng\u1eef, hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u00e1y, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u00fat tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng minh do h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0m. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c em m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec m\u00e1y hoan h\u00f4, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai th\u00ec m\u00e1y b\u1ea3o sai, c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm cho m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t chung chung. Th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00ec m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i theo nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, theo t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u bang. Hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tuy c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Skinner (1989), tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y thay cho th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean, m\u00e1y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thay cho th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi (bao g\u1ed3m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y hay truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c su\u00f4ng. Qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp, h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, m\u00e1y r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ngoan th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng em r\u1eafn m\u1eaft hay ngh\u1ecbch ng\u1ee3m, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, l\u00fac \u00f4n t\u1ed3n, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, l\u00fac nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, l\u00fac gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft, l\u00fac nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo Bower, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 huynh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u trung h\u1ecdc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. Khi mua nh\u1eefng nhu li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho k\u1ef9. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua nh\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh con b\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a computer l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00f3a (simulation). Thay v\u00ec quan s\u00e1t hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hay t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, computer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Computer c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m do kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron… l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, ho\u1ea1t h\u1ecda n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng computer c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qua c\u00e1c software th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (word processing\/ microsoft word), c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (spreadsheet), c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (database) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u00edt th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (computer design) v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (graphics)\u2026Trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e0i l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Theo s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Trevor Kerr (1993), th\u00ec\u00a0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh, hay sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i (assignment, report, essay, research..) b\u1eb1ng computer lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean vi\u1ebft tay. B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng con to\u00e1n d\u00e0i l\u00ea th\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd khi c\u00e1c em d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em \u0111ang h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho c\u00e1c em d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m. C\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 tra t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. D\u00f9ng computer, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd l\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 m\u1eafc ho\u00e0i l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 (Spinner).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t\u00a0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c software[2]<\/a> coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n computer hay b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y (typing). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1edbt qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c software. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c software c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c software \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb phi c\u00f3 ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam cho c\u00e1c em. C\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00e1c em c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c Computer tr\u00ean b\u00e1o D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00dac Ch\u00e2u do anh \u0110\u1eb7ng Minh An ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem qua v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B) NH\u1eeeNG M\u1eb6T TI\u00caU C\u1ef0C C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6C S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG COMPUTER V\u00c0 INTERNET<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng computer kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t l\u01a1\u1ecb v\u00e0 nguy h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 computer games v\u00e0 internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a01. Computer games:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Theo Daniel Chandler (1994), computer games chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 85% c\u00e1c nhu li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia c\u00e1c computer games th\u00e0nh 5 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

\u00a0Arcade games<\/strong>:\u00a0 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1eadt nhanh;<\/p>\n

m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong> (simulation), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi xe c\u1ed9 t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp;<\/p>\n

chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong> (strategy), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o sau;<\/p>\n

th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m<\/strong> (adventure), \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0u tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t;<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong> (v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm hoi).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 huynh cho r\u1eb1ng computer games l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 ph\u1ea1t, ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed sau nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e9t cho k\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang cho l\u1eafm v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i games thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i arcade v\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (90-95%, Thomas Malone (1992). Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i games n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eafn gi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. B\u1eafn gi\u1ebft v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u1ea1. B\u1eafn gi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: ch\u1edb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t mau l\u1eb9 (Valdemar).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Computer games th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. Tr\u1ebb em ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eed, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m do nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. T\u1ea1i Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 mang b\u1ea3n \u00e1n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Quan t\u00f2a th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c em, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng Computer games m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em hay ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00f2 m\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i thi ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh ch\u1ecb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta coi phim t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hong Kong v\u1eady). V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng games l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi xong. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2m ra b\u00ea tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y h\u1ecdc, ng\u1ed3i h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y computer v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho m\u1eaft c\u00e1c em. Nh\u1ecbp tim \u0111\u1eadp nhanh h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – khi ch\u01a1i c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Arcade games hay th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 tim v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. Internet:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Internet l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng Internet cho h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec:<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, t\u1eebng th\u00e1ng, t\u1eebng n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t CD b\u00e1ch khoa t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n (encyclopedia) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f4 la. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c lai, n\u1ebfu n\u1ed1i v\u00f4 m\u1ea1ng Internet, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi. Cho n\u00ean, tr\u1eeb phi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i s\u1eb5n v\u00e0o Internet v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Internet ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho con b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em ch\u01b0a \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Lang thang tr\u00ean Internet – t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 surf – con em c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ee9c th\u00e2u \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 (chat) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: t\u00e1n d\u00f3c, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n g\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng em kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm b\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00ean duy\u00ean ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 \u1ea5m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u01a1\u00ed nhau sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 Internet c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin (network) tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Internet.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o Internet, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n (nude picture) mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c em th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o l\u1eabn nhau v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf tr\u1ebb em x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng hay n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng nhu li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean chung l\u00e0 Internet filter. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhu li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho kh\u00f4ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u00e1y. Nh\u1eefng nhu li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Web sites (nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nk c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00eau g\u01a1\u1ecb) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sex. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Internet mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd hay \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh (keyword) li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi sex \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, computer s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y xu\u1ed1ng (download) ho\u1eb7c mua nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, v\u00ec c\u00e1c Web site lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111ang m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u M\u1ef9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u00e1ch kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u01b0 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ban t\u1eb7ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. N\u0103m 1994, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 M\u1ef9 James Exon c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang Nebraska d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Marty Rimm, \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean b\u00e1o Time \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f4 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u01a1\u00ed ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Hoa K\u1ef3. D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Marty Rimm c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00e2y x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a James Exon, d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng (Communication Decency Act), g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CDA, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean Internet, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee1ng vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1995, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua CDA v\u1edbi 84 phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn tr\u00ean 16 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1995 h\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua CDA v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o 420 phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 4 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1996, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 k\u00fd CDA theo \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u00e2m \u00f4 l\u00ean Internet s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 250,000 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 n\u0103m. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng CDA ki\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1997, t\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 CDA l\u00e0 vi hi\u1ebfn v\u00ec n\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i cao ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u00a0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn trong truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng (Communication Decency Act).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00dac Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nguy h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Web Sites chuy\u00ean qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh cho l\u1eafm tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Internet. H\u1ecd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ea1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u1ede Singapore, sau khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf Singapore b\u1ecb b\u1eaft qu\u1ea3 tang v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed Singapore \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f9m beng. S\u1ef1 c\u0103m ph\u1eabn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t Internet g\u1eaft gao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Internet.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ri\u00eang trong ph\u1ea1m vi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, VietCatholic http:\/\/vietcatholic.net<\/a> \u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng tin l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Anh Ng\u1eef c\u00e1c tin t\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam; nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i suy ni\u1ec7m d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt; ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh;\u00a0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ee5c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n-t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, th\u00e1nh ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Web Site \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u hay l\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con em ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c trang th\u00f4ng tin (Web Page) C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Web page \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u00a0NH\u1eeeNG TRANG TH\u00d4NG TIN C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O B\u1eb0NG TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T TR\u00caN M\u1ea0NG INTERNET:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Truy\u1ec1n Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u2013 Vietcatholic.net:<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.vietcatholic.net\/News\/default.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c trang th\u00f4ng tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c (Catholic Websites) qua c\u00e1c useful links \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea1i vietcatholic.net, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Vatican: http:\/\/vi.radiovaticana.va\/<\/a> ho\u1eb7c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t Thanh Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (Radio Veritas Asia) t\u1ea1i Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n: http:\/\/www.catholic.org.tw\/vntaiwan\/veritas\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Nguy\u1ec7t San C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u: http:\/\/www.danchuausa.net\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c2u Ch\u00e2u: http:\/\/www.danchuausa.net\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dac Ch\u00e2u: http:\/\/www.danchuaucchau.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c websites c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 URL (\u0111i\u0323a chi\u0309 t\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t tra\u0323m Internet hay ma\u0323ng n\u00f4\u0323i b\u00f4\u0323 – address to an Internet or intranet site) t\u1ea1i Vietcatholic.net: http:\/\/www.vietcatholic.net\/News\/default.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam: http:\/\/hdgmvietnam.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c websites th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Ca Vi\u1ec7t Nam: http:\/\/thanhcavietnam.net\/ThanhCaVN\/#Home<\/a><\/p>\n

Ca Tr\u01b0\u1edfng: http:\/\/www.catruong.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng H\u00e0nh: http:\/\/www.donghanh.org<\/a><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00edn H\u1eefu: http:\/\/nguoitinhuu.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Trang d\u00e0nh k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 M\u00e2n C\u00f4i: http:\/\/www.nolaviet.com\/avemaria\/index.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi Google search engine \u2013 www.google.com<\/a> (ti\u1ebfng Anh) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t – http:\/\/www.google.com.vn<\/a> – q\u00fay v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 websites n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 q\u00fay v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o, ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat search (t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm), sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c websites c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. Q\u00fay v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng trang th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi hay tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con em m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng computer v\u00e0 internet th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Linh m\u1ee5c Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, STD<\/strong><\/p>\n

L.J. Goody Bioethic Centre<\/p>\n

39 Jugan Street,<\/p>\n

Mount Hawthorn, WA 6016.<\/p>\n

AUSTRALIA.<\/p>\n

Email: phtran-ljgbc@iinet.net.au<\/a><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> . INTERNET l\u00e0 m\u00f4\u0323t h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng g\u00f4\u0300m ca\u0301c ma\u0323ng ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c li\u00ean k\u00ea\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i nhau tr\u00ean pha\u0323m vi toa\u0300n th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, ta\u0323o \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i cho ca\u0301c di\u0323ch vu\u0323 truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u0303 li\u00ea\u0323u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u00e2\u0323p t\u01b0\u0300 xa, truy\u00ea\u0300n ca\u0301c t\u00ea\u0323p tin, th\u01b0 ti\u0301n \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u0309, va\u0300 ca\u0301c nho\u0301m th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Internet la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0301p ghe\u0301p n\u00f4\u0301i ca\u0301c ma\u0323ng ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh hi\u00ea\u0323n ha\u0300nh, pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch r\u00f4\u0323ng ra\u0303i t\u00e2\u0300m hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng cu\u0309a t\u01b0\u0300ng h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng tha\u0300nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u00e2\u0300u ti\u00ean cu\u0309a Internet la\u0300 h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh cua\u0309 B\u00f4\u0323 Qu\u00f4\u0301c Pho\u0300ng My\u0303, go\u0323i la\u0300 ma\u0323ng ARPAnet, m\u00f4\u0323t ma\u0323ng thi\u0301 nghi\u00ea\u0323m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 t\u01b0\u0300 n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i cho vi\u00ea\u0323c h\u01a1\u0323p ta\u0301c khoa ho\u0323c trong ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng tri\u0300nh nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u qu\u00f4\u0301c pho\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

ARPAnet \u0111a\u0303 n\u00eau cao tri\u00ea\u0301t ly\u0301 truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4ng bi\u0300nh \u0111\u0103\u0309ng ( peer-to-peer), trong \u0111o\u0301 m\u00f4\u0303i ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh cu\u0309a h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng “no\u0301i chuy\u00ea\u0323n” v\u01a1\u0301i b\u00e2\u0301t ky\u0300 ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh tha\u0300nh vi\u00ean na\u0300o kha\u0301c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2\u0301t ky\u0300 ma\u0323ng ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh na\u0300o d\u01b0\u0323a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309 thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a ARPAnet \u0111\u00ea\u0300u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c m\u00f4 ta\u0309 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4\u0323t t\u00e2\u0323p h\u01a1\u0323p ca\u0301c trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n toa\u0301n t\u01b0\u0323 qua\u0309n, mang ti\u0301nh \u0111i\u0323a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng va\u0300 t\u01b0\u0323 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ha\u0300nh, chu\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c li\u00ean k\u00ea\u0301t d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i da\u0323ng “v\u00f4 chi\u0301nh phu\u0309 nh\u01b0ng co\u0301 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ti\u00ea\u0301t” .<\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0309a ma\u0323ng ARPAnet \u0111\u01a1n thu\u00e2\u0300n chi\u0309 do nh\u01b0\u0303ng y\u00eau c\u00e2\u0300u v\u00ea\u0300 qu\u00e2n s\u01b0\u0323:<\/p>\n

Ma\u0323ng na\u0300y pha\u0309i co\u0301 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng ch\u00f4\u0301ng la\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t cu\u00f4\u0323c t\u00e2\u0301n c\u00f4ng co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 v\u00f4 hi\u00ea\u0323u hoa\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 l\u01a1\u0301n ca\u0301c tra\u0323m tha\u0300nh vi\u00ean cu\u0309a no\u0301.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ch\u01b0\u0301ng minh la\u0300 \u0111u\u0301ng khi My\u0303 va\u0300 ca\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng minh tham gia va\u0300o cu\u00f4\u0323c chi\u00ea\u0301n tranh vu\u0300ng Vi\u0323nh.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0\u0323 chi\u0309 huy va\u0300 ma\u0323ng ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t cu\u0309a Irak, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c t\u00f4\u0309 ch\u01b0\u0301c m\u00f4 pho\u0309ng theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 ARPAnet, \u0111a\u0303 ch\u00f4\u0301ng la\u0323i m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch tha\u0300nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4\u0301i v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c n\u00f4\u0309 l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a l\u01b0\u0323c l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng minh nh\u0103\u0300m ti\u00eau di\u00ea\u0323t no\u0301.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u0301 la\u0300 ly\u0301 do ta\u0323i sao c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 co\u0301 ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c t\u01b0\u0300 ARPAnet hi\u00ea\u0323n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xu\u00e2\u0301t ca\u0309ng m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch r\u00f4\u0323ng ra\u0303i.<\/p>\n

Ma\u0323ng Internet nguy\u00ean thuy\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c thi\u00ea\u0301t k\u00ea\u0301 nh\u0103\u0300m mu\u0323c \u0111i\u0301ch phu\u0323c vu\u0323 vi\u00ea\u0323c cung c\u00e2\u0301p th\u00f4ng tin cho gi\u01a1\u0301i khoa ho\u0323c, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 cu\u0309a no\u0301 cho phe\u0301p mo\u0323i h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300u co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 li\u00ean k\u00ea\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i no\u0301 th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4\u0323t c\u00f4\u0309ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u0309.<\/p>\n

Theo ca\u0301ch \u0111o\u0301, co\u0301 ha\u0300ng nga\u0300n h\u00ea\u0323 ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh h\u01a1\u0323p ta\u0301c, cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ea\u0300u h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng di\u0323ch vu\u0323 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n t\u01b0\u0309 co\u0301 thu phi\u0301, nh\u01b0 MCI va\u0300 Compuserve ch\u0103\u0309ng ha\u0323n, \u0111a\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0309 n\u00ean tha\u0300nh vi\u00ean cu\u0309a Internet.<\/p>\n

V\u01a1\u0301i h\u01a1n hai tri\u00ea\u0323u ma\u0301y chu\u0309 phu\u0323c vu\u0323 ch\u01b0\u0300ng 20 tri\u00ea\u0323u ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i du\u0300ng, ma\u0323ng Internet \u0111ang pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i t\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323 bu\u0300ng n\u00f4\u0309, m\u00f4\u0303i tha\u0301ng co\u0301 th\u00eam khoa\u0309ng m\u00f4\u0323t tri\u00ea\u0323u ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i tham gia m\u01a1\u0301i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> .\u00a0 \u00a0Ph\u00e2\u0300n m\u00ea\u0300m – Ca\u0301c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng, ti\u00ea\u0323n i\u0301ch, ho\u0103\u0323c \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c di\u00ea\u0303n \u0111a\u0323t theo m\u00f4\u0323t ng\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u0303 ma\u0300 ma\u0301y ti\u0301nh co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111o\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP Theo c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mau ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,31],"tags":[89,88],"class_list":["post-496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-tran-manh-hung","category-luan-ly","tag-giao-duc","tag-truyen-thong-internet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=496"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4179,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/496\/revisions\/4179"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}