{"id":507,"date":"2012-12-12T10:23:07","date_gmt":"2012-12-12T03:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=507"},"modified":"2021-06-25T15:54:42","modified_gmt":"2021-06-25T08:54:42","slug":"ve-cach-dung-thuat-ngu-on-goi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/ve-cach-dung-thuat-ngu-on-goi\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ec0 C\u00c1CH D\u00d9NG THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee \u00ab \u01a0N G\u1eccI \u00bb (*)"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, Y. Congar, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi<\/em> (logos) di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o : \u00ab Th\u01b0a anh em, t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho anh em Tin M\u1eebng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o cho anh em, m\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3, anh em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu anh em gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi (logos) m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o n\u00f3 cho anh em<\/em> \u00bb (1Cor 15, 1-2). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 manh nha \u00ab ch\u00ednh-l\u1eddi<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab ortho-logie \u00bb), ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n (orthodoxie), s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qu\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1eabn nhau l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ly gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef  m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u00ab ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u00bb hay \u00ab b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u00bb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd R\u00f4ma<\/em> n\u0103m 1566 minh x\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng : \u00ab \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi (v\u00e0o th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c) nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u00bb (ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3) hay g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1912, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban h\u1ed3ng y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 X ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n, v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a J. Lahitton, \u01a0n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c<\/em>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u01a1n g\u1ecdi (vocation, \u01a1n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi (appel) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed c\u1ea7n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch hay \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec m\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tu tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, n\u00ean th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u00e1c B\u1ea1n Tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01a0n G\u1ecdi<\/em> (Jeunes et Vocations)<\/em> : tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1901, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn (\u01a1n g\u1ecdi) linh m\u1ee5c<\/em> (Recrutement sacerdotal),<\/em> r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab C\u00e1c \u01a0n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u00bb (Vocations sacerdotales et religieuses)<\/em>, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01a0n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u<\/em> (Vocation) (**).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u01a1n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00ab k\u00eau g\u1ecdi<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab appeler \u00bb), khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y  \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u01a1n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadt ch\u1ee3t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cho hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea1m vi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Augustin.\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn b\u1edfi K.L. Schmidt trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u00ab Kalein<\/em> \u00bb c\u1ee7a TWNT (***) : \u00ab Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em> \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u01a0n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u cho th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 hay t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00bb. Ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1c c\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 d\u00e1m  n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta : \u00ab Nh\u1eefng ai Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd \u00bb (Rm 8, 30). T\u1eeb th\u00e1nh Augustin \u0111\u1ebfn Luther, Calvin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 (jans\u00e9nistes), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hay cho m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Luther, cho m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (un Beruf).<\/p>\n

\u01a0n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi v\u00ec N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u01a0n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi cho V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111an tu, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi chung cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa so v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 Luther g\u1ecdi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u00ab Beruf<\/em> \u00bb, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u00ab kl\u00easis<\/em> \u00bb (\u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00bb).<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00ean th\u00e1nh \u00bb, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb, trong \u00ab s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 \u00bb (LG 41). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, m\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, Do Th\u00e1i hay Hy L\u1ea1p, do \u0111\u00f3, (bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9) s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, (ng\u00e0i) kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 \u00bb (1Cor 1, 9), N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1Th 2, 12 v\u00e0 4, 7), s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do (Gal 5, 13). Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 mang \u00ab m\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00bb (2 Cor 11, 28), s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c loan b\u00e1o Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u00ab ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00bb, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n \u00bb (Phil 1, 23).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5  \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phong ch\u1ee9c b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u01b0\u1ee1ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (v\u00e0) tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Tin m\u1eebng  r\u1ed3i. Th\u00e1nh Paulin de Nole, nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng Bordeaux, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u00ab ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho Ch\u00faa \u00bb, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, cho d\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Nole. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00ec danh ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c : kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00ab Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00bb nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u00ab t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00ab th\u1ebf gian \u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab l\u00e0m linh m\u1ee5c \u00bb r\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y \u00fd th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00ab t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u00bb (\u00ab caritas veritatis<\/em> \u00bb) \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00ab s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u00bb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mang tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00ab s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm \u00bb v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u00ab r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5, \u0111ang khi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u00bb (b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng 340). Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1959 v\u1ec1 \u00ab C\u00e1c \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00bb, H.-M. Feret ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba lo\u1ea1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi : \u01a1n g\u1ecdi cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng  th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u00ab cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian hay gia nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tu \u00bb, th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00ab s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nam n\u1eef s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c\u2026cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 [1]. \u00bb\"\"<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o  \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi\u00bb n\u01a1i \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111an tu v\u00e0 tu s\u0129, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u00bb, \u00ab t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u00bb t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III, cho c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tu s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u00ab \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00bb h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh Ant\u00f4n, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng, v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u00e0i nghe \u0111\u1ecdc Mt 19, 21 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, \u00ab nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3, th\u00e1nh Augustin n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u00bb. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c hay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, r\u1ed3i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1edbi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng kinh ng\u1ea1c g\u00ec khi J.M.R. Tillard \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft : \u00ab Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec v\u00e0o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t  [2] \u00bb. Nh\u01b0ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tu s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda m\u00e0, qua v\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u00ab kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, Karl Rahner nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh [3] \u00bb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 anh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o, Franz J\u00e4gerst\u00e4tter, m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a anh c\u1ea5m anh tham gia v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Hitler ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Nga, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00f4ns\u00eavic. Trong s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng. Cha s\u1edf v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a anh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t anh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 anh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00ab ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu anh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00bb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd anh b\u00e0i x\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng [4].<\/p>\n

Cung c\u1ea5p cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu Gal\u00e1t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u00ab kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ai, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ed7i d\u1eady t\u1eeb k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft \u00bb (Gal 1, 1), th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u1edf v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab nh\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m \u00bb nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ab cha \u00bb \u0111\u00e3 \u00ab sinh ra trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 Gi\u00easu \u00bb nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1edbi (1 Cor 4, 15). \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu-Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (x. Gal 1, 8 v\u00e0 1Cor 9, 1-2).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u00ab \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u00ecnh \u00bb, nh\u01b0 R. Brown n\u00f3i. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, sau khi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y : Th\u00e1nh Kinh, trong quy \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nhau trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ba th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 theo Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/em>,  \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1eeba  t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Cha, Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 phuc v\u1ee5 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 qu\u00ean \u0111i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng (x.2 Th 3, 1).<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Didach\u00e8 <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XV : \u00ab H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho anh em nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa : nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho anh em s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eebng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd, v\u00ec gi\u1eefa anh em h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1eady \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u00e0  t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng L\u00ea\u00f4 vi\u1ebft : \u00ab Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn \u00bb (Th\u1ee9 10). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Cyprian\u00f4 nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00f3. C\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4i khi, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Anbr\u00f4si\u00f4, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang<\/em> (vox populi) n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/em> (vox Dei). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u00ab b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng hoan h\u00f4 hay s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn \u00bb, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i [5] \u00bb.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng qua \u0111\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean : \u00ab \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady : n\u1ebfu ai mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m qu\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u00bb (1Tm 3,1). Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao ch\u00e9p b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft : \u00ab \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00bb. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n \u00edch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ca ng\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean (T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, 2a 2ae, q.185, a.1).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Constantin, ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n. Orig\u00e8ne kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1566 (ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4). Orig\u00e8ne bi quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 xin x\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hay nh\u1edd gia t\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh Josu\u00ea cho M\u00f4ise (B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng XXII v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch D\u00e2n s\u1ed1). V\u00ec nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u0103m lo nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129. S\u1ef1 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Cassien \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y : \u00ab C\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c [6] \u00bb. C\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 m\u00e0, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,  ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V \u00ab s\u1ef1 \u01b0ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i cho ng\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 [7] \u00bb.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ee7a cursus honorum <\/em>(h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh danh d\u1ef1). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 1Tm 5, 22 : \u00ab \u0110\u1eebng v\u1ed9i v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t tay cho ai \u00bb. \u00cdt ra c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5p : c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, c\u1ea5p ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf, c\u1ea5p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch<\/em> (schola lectorum), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u2013 v\u00ec, A. Faivre n\u00f3i, thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u00ab l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n li\u00ean l\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o [8] \u00bb \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00ab vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn sang l\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a b\u1ed5 sung (cooptation) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 [9] \u00bb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi tridentin\u00f4, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em t\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Tol\u00e8de th\u1ee9 4 n\u0103m 633 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 [10].<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u2013 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, th\u00ec \u00ab ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u0129 s\u1ebd suy vong\u2026v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, tr\u1eeb phi l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u00bb (Suppl\u00e9ment<\/em>, q. 47, a.6, ad 4). C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho  th\u00e1nh Bonaventura m\u1ed9t suy t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 : N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra cho \u0111\u1ee7 ! (IV Sent ; Dist.24, Pars 1, a.1, q.3). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Le Recrutement sacerdotal<\/em>, s\u1ed1 38, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u n\u0103m 1910. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kinh s\u0129 A. Degert, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Toulouse v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia danh ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mang \u01a1n cu\u1ed1n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/em> (1912), cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3, l\u1ea1i v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Cum adolescentium aetas<\/em> n\u0103m 1563 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ngay th\u1eb3ng.\"\"<\/p>\n

 L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u00bb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00ec, theo A. Degert, \u00ab tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u00bb (tr. 171). \u00ab Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean hay tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh do b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 Bourdaloue n\u00f3i, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00bb, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh \u00bb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o s\u0129, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 hay nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh \u00bb (tr. 169).<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua nh\u1eefng \u00ab d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00bb, nh\u1eefng \u00ab d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u00bb, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng trong s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00ab d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00bb, nh\u1eefng \u00ab d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u00bb c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00ab c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y\u00bb (J.-J. Olier). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng ngay th\u1eb3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00bb (\u00ab inclination \u00bb), \u00ab s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat \u00bb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa linh m\u1ee5c Xu\u00e2n B\u00edch Branchereau v\u00e0 kinh s\u0129 Lahitton v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha Olier, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u00ab s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh (inclination) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ( !) (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lay chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111am m\u00ea n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n), uy quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 mang linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ec1u n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u2026b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 [11] \u00bb.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00ab n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u00bb (b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa) v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00ab ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u00bb (s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i) l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i Calvin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Trong T\u00f4ng Hi\u1ebfn Sedes Sapientiae<\/em> ng\u00e0y 31\/05\/1956, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII, khi c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cao si\u00eau, \u00ab cao c\u1ea3 \u00bb c\u1ee7a \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u00bb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00ab m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00e9p \u00bb : y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u00bb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quy chi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 Lahitton, v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd R\u00f4ma<\/em> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn. C\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI, trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n ng\u00e0y 5\/5\/1965, m\u00e0 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Presbyterorum Ordinis<\/em> s\u1ed1 11 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi : \u00ab c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3 n\u00ean l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i thinh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c thi trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u th\u1ea9m kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt. \u00bb<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00ab l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u00bb n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI v\u00e0 XVII, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00f3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 Degert \u0111\u01b0a ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n. N\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi linh thao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n) kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh \u00bb b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u00ab ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngay th\u1eb3ng \u00bb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00ab h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00bb (Exercices, s\u1ed1 172 ****). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 lo \u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft (Ph. Ari\u00e8s n\u00f3i : \u00ab c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u00bb) v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ra. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lahitton c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Branchereau, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau d\u0129 nhi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Branchereau ch\u00ednh \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb linh h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u00ab ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u00bb, \u0111ang khi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lahitton, ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u00ab bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00ab \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i [12]. \u00bb Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta cho \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn bi quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u01a1n hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa  \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 ngh\u0129, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m lo l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u00ab s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00bb, nh\u01b0 G. Fessard nh\u00e2n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 L\u00f4y\u00f4la. Khi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, M. Bellet b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn : \u00ab V\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o [13]. \u00bb B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u1eafm vi\u1ec7c l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (\u0110i\u1ec1u 1036 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt 1983 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n). M\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh (\u0111i\u1ec1u 1026). Tuy th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00ab t\u00ednh h\u1eefu \u00edch \u00bb c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (\u0111i\u1ec1u 1025, \u00a72). \u0110i\u1ec1u 969, \u00a71 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt 1917 c\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng h\u01a1n : \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tri\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu, theo ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u00bb. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u 6 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Chalc\u00e9doine [14], k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c phong ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u00bb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00ab th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u1edf Ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00ab vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u00bb, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1,  theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh : \u00ab Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hay (\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t) m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00bb (tr. 82) v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00ab s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u00bb (tr. 80) : \u00ab V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab haute couture \u00bb (th\u1eddi trang cao c\u1ea5p), ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u00bb (tr.85) !<\/p>\n

\u01a0n g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0, c\u0169ng chung chung, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00bb (Ad Gentes 23). Nh\u01b0ng, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xung quanh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u00ab h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn l\u00fac ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hay gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (Cv 1, 8) \u00bb (Presbyterorum Ordinis <\/em>10, x. Ad Gentes <\/em>38 v\u00e0 39). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e2n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd [15], n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c chung nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e2n lu\u00f4n, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u00fd th\u00fa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II g\u1ee3i l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y : \u00ab \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n linh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh<\/em>au \u00bb (Lumen Gentium<\/em> 8).<\/p>\n

Maurice Vidal, PSS.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n

[1] H.-M. Feret, \u201d Vocations <\/em>\u201d trong  La Vie spirituelle 100, 1959, tr.66<\/p>\n

[2] J.-M. Tillard, Devant Dieu pour le monde. Le projet des religieux<\/em>, Paris, 1974, tr. 281<\/p>\n

[3] K. Rahner, Trait\u00e9 fondamental de la foi<\/em>, trad. fr. Paris, 1983, tr.386.<\/p>\n

[4] G. Zahn, Un t\u00e9moin solitaire. Vie et mort de Franz J\u00e4gerst\u00e4tter<\/em>, trad. fr. Paris, 1967.<\/p>\n

 [5] Constitution \u201cUniversi Domini Gregis<\/em>\u201c, trong Documentation Catholique s\u1ed1 2134, tr. 253.<\/p>\n

[6] Cassien, Institutions<\/em>, 11, 18.<\/p>\n

[7] J. Gaudemet, L\u2019Eglise dans l\u2019empire romain<\/em>, Paris, 1958, tr.152.<\/p>\n

[8] A. Faivre, Ordonner la fraternit\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, 1992, tr. 164.<\/p>\n

[9] J. Gaudemet, ibid., tr. 108.<\/p>\n

[10] X. A. Laurent, \u201cL\u2019influence du protestantisme sur l\u2019origine des s\u00e9minaires\u201d, dans Pens\u00e9e catholique<\/em> 14<\/em>, 1950.<\/p>\n

[11] J.-J. Olier, Trait\u00e9 des Saints Ordres<\/em> (1676) compar\u00e9 aux \u00e9crits authentiques de J.-J.Olier, Paris 1984, tr.106.<\/p>\n

[12] J. Orcibal, La spiritualit\u00e9 de Saint-Cyran<\/em>, Paris, 1962, tr.50.<\/p>\n

[13] M. Bellet, Vocation et libert\u00e9<\/em>, Paris, 1963, tr. 32.<\/p>\n

[14] Concile de Trente, Session XXIII, De reformatione<\/em>, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.16.<\/p>\n

[15] X. la conf\u00e9rence du Cardinal Ratzinger aux mouvements eccl\u00e9siaux du 27 mai 1998, dans Documentation Catholique<\/em> n\u00b0 2196, p. 81-92.<\/p>\n

—————————-<\/p>\n

(*) Maurice VIDAL, <\/em>\u00ab De l\u2019usage du terme \u00ab vocation \u00bb \u00bb, trong  <\/strong>Th\u00e9ologie de la vocation<\/em>, <\/strong>Colloque de l\u2019Institut Catholique de Paris (f\u00e9vrier 2001),<\/em> Revue \u00ab Jeunes et Vocations \u00bb, 3e trimestre, s\u1ed1 102, tr 43-50.<\/p>\n

(**) T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed song song v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u00ab Vocation \u00bb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u00ab Jeunes et Vocations \u00bb. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1983 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u00ab Vocation \u00bb b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u00ab Jeunes et Vocations \u00bb. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 2008, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u00ean \u00ab Eglise et Vocations \u00bb (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

(***) TWNT : vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Theologisches Worterbuch zum Neuen Testament (T\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc) (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

(****) Linh thao s\u1ed1 172 ( b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Lm. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng \u0110oan v\u00e0 Lm. Mai S\u01a1n) : \u00ab V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1edfi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c v.v.; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng theo nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, th\u00ec \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01a1n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai tr\u00e1i hay x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0m \u01a1n thi\u00ean tr\u1ecb\u00eau, v\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u01a1n thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng pha \u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt hay m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u201d (<\/em>ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch) .<\/em><\/p>\n

——————-<\/p>\n

 Lm. V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp C\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, Y. Congar, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,36,25,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linh-muc","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien","category-on-goi","category-tu-si"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=507"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15094,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions\/15094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}