{"id":5559,"date":"2014-08-19T13:09:15","date_gmt":"2014-08-19T06:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=5559"},"modified":"2014-08-19T13:10:06","modified_gmt":"2014-08-19T06:10:06","slug":"dac-tinh-linh-thanh-cua-linh-muc-nhu-la-nen-tang-cua-doi-song-va-giao-huan-luan-ly-cua-ngai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/dac-tinh-linh-thanh-cua-linh-muc-nhu-la-nen-tang-cua-doi-song-va-giao-huan-luan-ly-cua-ngai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eb6C T\u00cdNH LINH TH\u00c1NH C\u1ee6A LINH M\u1ee4C NH\u01af L\u00c0 N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O HU\u1ea4N LU\u00c2N L\u00dd C\u1ee6A NG\u00c0I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/em>\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u2013 th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quy cho cho m\u00ecnh. \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb, danh ng\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 cao ng\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam h\u1ea1 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch gay g\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ch\u0103m lo nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 trung t\u00edn n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Sabbat. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 Walter Grundmann nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00ab\u00a0n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n linh\u00a0\u00bb (1). \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb S\u1ef1 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Tin M\u1eebng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi kh\u1eafc s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (modestie) cho m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i danh ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan, linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 linh m\u1ee5c \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu (gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n) kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m \u00ab th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00ec n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd g\u1eafn v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb. Khi ch\u00fang\u00a0 ta g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb, ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb th\u1ef1c ra thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (2). Cho d\u00f9 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (3), n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qadosh, Hagios, Sanctus<\/em>\u00a0: ba ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ba l\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e1nh, th\u00e1nh, th\u00e1nh, Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o binh\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 song, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecdc (4). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i che m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0\u00bb (totale \u00ab\u00a0alt\u00e9rit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb) n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y trong su\u1ed1t C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, s\u1eefng s\u1edd. L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba g\u00e2y kinh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra, t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec bao quanh n\u00f3. Sau cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho M\u00f4is\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Sina\u00ef, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh N\u00fai Th\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i\u00a0 h\u1ec5 ai \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c \u2013 (hay) b\u1ecb n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 nghi th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec1n trong c\u1ee7a \u00e1o kho\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf xen k\u1ebd nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1u xanh, t\u00eda, h\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u00ab\u00a0theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd nghe ti\u1ebfng l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan \u00d0\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra: nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft\u00a0\u00bb (Xh 28, 35). Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb v\u00e0ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng t\u00edm mang nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Th\u01b0 Do th\u00e1i n\u00f3i, \u00ab\u00a0th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 10, 31). V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh, n\u01a1i \u00e2m u v\u00e0 thinh l\u1eb7ng, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 linh th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n (5).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khi ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isaia th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn trong \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m vui nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Kh\u1ed1n cho t\u00f4i, v\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi th\u00fa nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ea9y ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1m than h\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (Is 6). Trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh thu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 oai nghi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n (6). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (alt\u00e9rit\u00e9)\u00a0; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (totalit\u00e9) c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0<\/em> c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 Isaia n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u00d0\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o binh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy t\u00f4n, qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00ed th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u00bb (Is 5, 16).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n hay \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1nh theo ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1i sinh, m\u1ed9t khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng ban qua ch\u00fang\u00a0; \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean N\u00fai Th\u00e1nh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gian. D\u00e2n Isra\u00ebl \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 r\u1ea3y m\u00e1u c\u00e1c hy l\u1ec5, qua \u0111\u00f3 giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u (Xh 20) (7). Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00ab\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd coi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb (Xh 19,6). S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec Ta, Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, Ta l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb (Lv 19, 2).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng hy l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e2ng l\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf d\u00e2ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ec3 l\u00fd (Lv 21, 16-24). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. V\u00ec l\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1edf n\u00fai Sina\u00ef, d\u00e2n Isra\u00ebl l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 giao cho h\u1ecd Th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch L\u00eavi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec Ta, Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, Ta l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef b\u1edfi d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Lv 17-26).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1-t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Nazareth. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ho<\/em> Hagios tou Theou<\/em>. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o duy nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 A\u0111am m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 hy l\u1ec5 tinh tuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng hoen \u1ed1. Nh\u01b0 R. Schnackenburg nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u00ab\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb (tamin<\/em>), theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hyb\u00e1, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0nguy\u00ean tuy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebft nh\u01a1\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0l\u00e0nh l\u1eb7n\u00a0\u00bb (ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf)\u00a0; th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb (tom<\/em>) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u00ab\u00a0t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft\u00a0\u00bb. \u00dd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o theo c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb (8).<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi l\u1ec5, theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 hy l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, to\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u00ab\u00a0hagios<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ngay n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 g\u1edfi cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu Do th\u00e1i n\u00f3i, \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ecdi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb (Dt 5,1). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3 tin, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1eeb phi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb M\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u00f4i hi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c\u00a0; Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n th\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 T\u01b0 T\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt hy t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 hy l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd. Trong Ng\u00e0i, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a trong ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafm l\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m (Ga 1, 14). Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb<\/em> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u2013 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0<\/em> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa -, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho<\/em> ch\u00fang ta. V\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3 nh\u1edd l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi tha th\u1ee9, m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb vu kh\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. B\u00e0n th\u1edd Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u00f3m k\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t To\u00e0n Th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Tha, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, sau h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00earusalem. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Joseph Ratzinger, \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf\u2026, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1c sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u1ecdi thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft thay cho m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 duy v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Con l\u00e0 Con c\u1ee7a Cha, h\u00f4m nay, Cha \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra Con\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb (9).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gia c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, th\u00edch ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng Thomas Jefferson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Canv\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n m\u1edbi sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh s\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh, d\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb (1P 2, 9a) (10). T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0? \u0110\u1ec3 d\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00ab\u00a0loan truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi anh em ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n u t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di\u1ec7u huy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u00bb (1P 2, 9b).<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn (eklektoi tou Theou<\/em> (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa), Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (ekklesia tou Theou<\/em> (Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa)), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u2013 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb nay, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1edd ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ca t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cao c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. Th\u1eadt ra,\u00a0 ng\u00e0i khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i th\u00f9 h\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0, c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c anh em s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn\u00a0\u00bb (Ep 4, 1). \u01a0n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda. L\u00e0m b\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. \u00ab\u00a0Anh em kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a anh em l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 sao\u00a0? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 n\u1eef sao? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o!\u00a0\u00bb (1Cor 6, 15).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh (hagios<\/em>) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (dikaios<\/em>), nh\u01b0ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00fa cho v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u00a0: G. Kittel nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0D\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n minh Hyl\u1ea1p hay kh\u00f4ng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch hagiot\u00e8s<\/em> hay hagios<\/em> b\u1eb1ng \u00ab\u00a0moralit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c) hay \u00ab\u00a0moral\u00a0\u00bb (lu\u00e2n l\u00fd), v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u00bb (11).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch kinh ng\u1ea1c b\u1edfi hai d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (agir)<\/em> theo s\u1ef1 ngay th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0<\/em> (\u00eatre) th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb (Kh 22, 11\u00a0: ho dikaios dikaiosun\u00e8n poi\u00e8sat\u00f4 <\/em>(actif) eti kai ho hagios hagasth\u00e8t\u00f4<\/em> (passif) eti<\/em>). Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u00ab\u00a0s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn\u00a0\u00bb v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c con\u00a0\u00bb (Ga 15, 16). Ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00e0 H.U. von Balthasar n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn th\u1ebf, \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 30 n\u0103m, t\u00f4i h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y n\u00fai For\u00eat Noire, n\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng xa B\u00e2le, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia ch\u1edbp. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u00a0: ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u00a0\u00bb (12).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang b\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, \u0111ang khi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e2u \u00ab\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 chon Th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c con\u00a0\u00bb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c con \u0111i v\u00e0 sinh hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi kinh vi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00ab agere sequitur esse<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i theo h\u1eefu th\u1ec3<\/em>, m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai nh\u00f2a c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea7y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Khi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0, ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Rm 12, 1).<\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb linh th\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0 m\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb linh th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u00ab\u00a0linh th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Vatican II v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh n\u1eefa (essentia et non gradu tantum<\/em>) (13).<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, trao ph\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1ng s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean\u00a0 Ch\u00faa. T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0\u00bb. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n \u2013 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111au bu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh linh m\u1ee5c \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u00ab\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0\u00bb ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. D\u00f9 sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n linh th\u00e1nh (sacra potestas<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e2n t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 hy t\u1ebf th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng n\u00f3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u00e2n danh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang (14)\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft v\u1eeba qua c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang ra\u00a0\u00bb (Rm 1, 1). Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma n\u00f3i trong b\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc\u00a0: Sacerdotes consecrantur<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn\u00a0\u00bb (15). Presbyteri\u2026consecrantur\u2026ut veri sacerdotes Novi Testamenti<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn\u2026nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc\u00a0\u00bb (16). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ti\u00ean tr\u01b0ng cho hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Th\u00e1nh J\u00e9r\u00f4me vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho \u00c9vangelus\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Aaron v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, th\u00ec c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (17)\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc d\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf l\u00e0m trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n nhan Ch\u00faa Cha, ng\u00e0i t\u00e1n t\u1ee5ng hy t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hy t\u1ebf n\u00e0y. \u1ede gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em>, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 khi c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c d\u00e2ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban cho linh m\u1ee5c do vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch R\u1eeda t\u1ed9i; ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u00ab\u00a0d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai nh\u00f2a\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n tin, c\u1eady, m\u1ebfn gi\u00fap cho c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a (b\u00ed t\u00edch) truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m cho linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn, linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma n\u00f3i, \u00ab\u00a0nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y\u00a0\u00bb (18). V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a (b\u00ed t\u00edch) truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh trao ban m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, virtus instrumentalis, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (personnelle), v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi (19). Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho Tim\u00f4t\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Con h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i con qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tay\u00a0\u00bb (2Tm 1, 6).<\/p>\n

D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai nh\u00f2a<\/em> n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u ex opere operato<\/em> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3\u00a0; n\u00f3 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 cao qu\u00fd kh\u00f4n s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu\u00a0; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng hay s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00ab\u00a0Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c\u00a0?<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, Joseph Pieper ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab\u00a0\u01b0u ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c (attribut actuel), kh\u00e1ch quan\u00a0; cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00ab\u00a0t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u01b0u ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu d\u00e0nh cho linh m\u1ee5c \u00ab\u00a0ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn\u00a0\u00bb) kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch hay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea9m (qualification) m\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 trao cho ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u00bb (20).<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 phai nh\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb nay, linh m\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em> (in persona Christi) (2Cor 2, 10). \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Khi ng\u00e0i giao ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con n\u00f3i n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Cha c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd n\u00f3i qua c\u00e1c con\u00a0\u00bb (Mt 16, 20). Linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 trung gian c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. C\u00e1c n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ed t\u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma coi ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/em>. Khi linh m\u1ee5c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c\u00a0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, th\u00ec Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1edd ng\u00e0i. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u00ab\u00a0hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong hy t\u1ebf th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5\u2026trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c\u00a0\u00bb (21). Linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea3, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u00a0; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta\u2026b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta. Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 qua ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0\u00bb (22).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 s\u00e1nh. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai nh\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u00ecnh. Linh m\u1ee5c khu\u00f4n theo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng (configuratur<\/em>) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 linh m\u1ee5c (23). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc agere sequitur esse<\/em> (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i theo h\u1eefu th\u1ec3) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi l\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3, (s\u1ef1 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn (24). N\u01a1i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (25). \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0 v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (actor<\/em>) ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (26). M\u00e0 hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho Cha Ng\u00e0i, trong Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao ban ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00ec Cha Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 hy t\u1ebf th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t. Theo nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd hy t\u1ebf\u00a0\u00bb (27).<\/p>\n

Qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u01a1n. V\u00ec nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang ta, linh m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u1ef1 trao hi\u1ebfn cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0: khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ly th\u00e2n v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i gi\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ed1n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0; c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, theo c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 hy sinh v\u00ec th\u1ebf gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u1ebf gian khi ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i c\u0103n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u00f4n phu kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 n\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Joseph Ratzinger nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0; l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y kinh ng\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 phung ph\u00ed kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau hao ch\u00ednh M\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u00bb (28).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 tr\u00e0n s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i suy trong h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u00f4n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb h\u00f4n phu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 n\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 h\u00f4n th\u00ea v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 khi ph\u00f3 m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cho \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0; g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i khung g\u1ed7 mang nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u r\u0103ng kh\u00e1 s\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh Beethoven \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng. Thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i trong khi ng\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n h\u00e0m r\u0103ng v\u00e0o trong g\u1ed7, trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111am m\u00ea h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 hy t\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 trong Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em> (per Christum et in Christo). Th\u00e1nh Ir\u00ean\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c c\u0169\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt hy t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i v\u00e0\u00a0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hy t\u1ebf n\u01a1i d\u00e2n (Do th\u00e1i), \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hy t\u1ebf trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. (Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do th\u00e1i) ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2026nh\u01b0 b\u00e0 g\u00f3a ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u01a1i kho t\u00e0ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb (29). Ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hy sinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi sau c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i ti\u00eau hao b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Th\u1eddi nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i n\u01a1i linh m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 l\u00fd. Chung quy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 nhau. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu s\u1ed1ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m trong th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0, theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 trao cho h\u1ecd s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng kia. H\u1ecd mang m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, c\u00e1c \u00e2n nh\u00e2n hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee5 \u00e2n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 v\u00ec \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t \u0111au l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u0111i Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd linh m\u1ee5c m\u00ea ng\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a B\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh trao ph\u00f3, c\u00e1ch h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ma thu\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. B\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m cho linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0\u00a0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch b\u00ed t\u00edch nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4<\/em>, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ebf gian. Qua b\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ban. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (moral), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (moralement).<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n,\u00a0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea3i m\u00ea s\u1ef1 d\u00e2m \u00f4, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00fa ban \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch. \u00c2n s\u1ee7ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean\u00a0; do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gia t\u0103ng, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vui l\u00f2ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u (30). Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. N\u01a1i linh m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi linh m\u1ee5c, th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sau h\u1ebft, th\u01b0a anh em, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, cao qu\u00fd, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c tinh tuy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e1ng khen, th\u00ec xin anh em h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00f4i, th\u00ec h\u00e3y \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u00bb (Phil 4, 8-9).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em> m\u1ecdi khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4. \u00ab\u00a0M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i vinh quang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Rm 3, 23). \u00ab\u00a0N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta\u00a0\u00bb (1 Ga 1, 8). Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m. S\u1ef1 m\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ai. N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 cha Henri de Lubac nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong cu\u1ed1n Suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i<\/em>\u00a0: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Ch\u00faa trao ban cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi)\u00a0(31). Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, trong s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tai ti\u1ebfng \u2013 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eeba t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n an \u1ee7i. \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y J. Ratzinger c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0T\u00f4i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 an \u1ee7i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00e0 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb (32).<\/p>\n

B\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean cho c\u1ea3 linh m\u1ee5c l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Khi linh m\u1ee5c qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 hy t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng suy ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer, linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ban nha, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Opus Dei, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, hy sinh, b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Trong b\u00ed t\u00edch Gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tha th\u1ee9 cho ch\u00fang ta. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, giang tay ra, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i mang l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111inh\u00a0\u00bb (33). Linh m\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n \u01a1n tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u00ed t\u00edch h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. H\u01a1n ai kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec ma qu\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed g\u1ea7m th\u00e9t, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00fat m\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (x. 1 P 5, 8).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, linh m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Nazareth, m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, th\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 m\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng d\u1eabn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n,\u00a0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ban ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh n\u00e0o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, (L\u1eddi n\u00e0y) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong s\u1ef1 trung t\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c (34). C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i loan b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0\u00bb (35). Tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 d\u00e2ng hy t\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 hai tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y g\u1eafn k\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nhau. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, Orig\u00e8ne vi\u1ebft\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Anh em bi\u1ebft, anh em quen tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n linh, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng n\u00e0o, khi anh em l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, anh em\u00a0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026anh em s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn do l\u1ed7i c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a anh em. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u2026l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi anh em ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec3nh m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb (36).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eeba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c rao gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00f4 c\u1edb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 linh m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u \u00fd l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd quay l\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u00ec r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung. \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i\u00a0: \u00ab \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 t\u00ed n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n\u00a0\u00bb (37).<\/p>\n

Ly d\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e1i h\u00f4n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i l\u00e0 phi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1eadp l\u1edd b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c s\u1ee3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang\u00a0? Hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y chay m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 kh\u01a1i l\u00ean\u00a0? Hay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 qua Hu\u1ea5n Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0? Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m d\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n Somme contre les gentilles<\/em>, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta. Qua nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a x\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, tha h\u00f3a, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, v\u00e2ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c cho Gi\u00earusalem\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb (Lc 19, 42). Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu (domestici fidei<\/em>), v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4\u00a0; linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i nh\u1edd l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e2m linh, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1oT\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0a \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i vai c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00ean th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 n\u00f3i \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 g\u1edfi t\u00edn h\u1eefu R\u00f4ma.<\/p>\n

R\u00e8n n\u1eafn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng hy sinh, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t, theo v\u1ea7n th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Virgile, Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem<\/em>\u00a0! \u00ab\u00a0Lao c\u00f4ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u00e2n R\u00f4ma\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u2013 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c -, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb linh th\u00e1nh, linh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin \u2013 v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u2013 cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng linh m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00e3i m\u00e3i quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 tin h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hoa k\u1ef3 ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c. Linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0i \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u00e0i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang. Kh\u00e1 l\u00fd th\u00fa\u00a0! B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u2013 hay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec n\u00f3 -, ch\u00ednh khoa nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n linh th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng <\/em>(liminal), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0linh v\u1ef1c\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0numineux\u00a0\u00bb).<\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Mystici Corporis<\/em>\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda in v\u00e0o c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00ecm v\u00e0o b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc thanh t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf b\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Qua t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, linh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng \u2013 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa linh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng hy l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c hay ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 linh th\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o linh th\u00e1nh h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9a th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa m\u00f9a ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1ng sinh hay Ph\u1ee5c sinh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0103n chay (fast<\/em>), th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c (feast<\/em>). \u0110\u00e1ng l\u1ebd, do b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa linh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i thi\u00eang trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a lan tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i linh th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0o quang linh th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n Su\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00e0, ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, \u00ab\u00a0ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c t\u00ednh\u00a0\u00bb thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u00ab\u00a0bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u00bb. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u00ec s\u1ef1 phi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 phi nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1edd thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn nh\u1edd ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u01a1n g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 linh th\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0, th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u1ecfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0\u00a0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef cho th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u2013 pro-fano<\/em> \u2013 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1i ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01a1n, trao cho b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0, theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Trinh N\u1eef Maria di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c. V\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hy sinh m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i linh m\u1ee5c qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Con c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 n\u01a1i hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00fac M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Xin v\u00e2ng\u00a0\u00bb. S\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Con c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi M\u1eb9 d\u00e2ng Ng\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. C\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u00a0m\u00e0 M\u1eb9 d\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i chim cu non, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Sim\u00eaon \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Cha Jean Galot \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qua ki\u1ec3u n\u00f3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a hy t\u1ebf c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00e0n m\u1ecdi th\u00f3i v\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nghi v\u00e0 bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.\u00a0\u00bb (39).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Maria, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hy sinh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Con c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9. Theo t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0V\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hy t\u1ebf, n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u1ebf\u00a0\u00bb (40).<\/p>\n

\n

\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n

(1) Walter GRUNDMANN, Das Evangelium nach Markus<\/em>, Berlin, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1968, 73.<\/p>\n

(2) x. \u00ab\u00a0Hagios\u00a0\u00bb, trong Theological Dictionary of the New Testament<\/em>, \u00e9d. G. Kittel, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1968, I\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Holiness\u00a0\u00bb, trong Sacramentum Mundi<\/em>, \u00e9d. Karl Rahner, New York, Herder and Herder, 1969, III\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Holiness of the Church\u00a0\u00bb, trong The New Catholic Encyclopedia<\/em>, New York, Mc Graw-Hill, 1967, VII\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Holy Consecrate, Sanctify, Saints, Devout\u00a0\u00bb, trong The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology<\/em>, \u00e9d. Colin Brown, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan, 1967\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Heilig\u00a0\u00bb, trong Theologisches Begriffslexikon zum Neuen Testament<\/em>, \u00e9d. Lothar Coenen, Erich Beyreuther, Hans Bietenhard, Wuppertal, Theologischer Verlag Rolf Broxkhaus, 1969, II (b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c trong The New International<\/em>\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y)\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Saintet\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, trong Dictionnaire de Th\u00e9ologie Catholique<\/em>, \u00e9d. A. Vacant, E. Mangenot, E. Amann, Paris, Letouzey et An\u00e9, 1939, IV\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Heiligkeit\u00a0\u00bb, trong Handbuch theologischer Grundbegriffe, \u00e9d. Heinrich Fries, M\u00fcnchen, K\u00f6sel-Verlag, 1962, I\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Heiligkeit\u00a0der Kirche\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Heiligkeit (des Menschen)\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Heiligkeit Gottes\u00a0\u00bb, trong Lexikon f\u00fcr Theologie, \u00e9d. Josef H\u00f6fer, Karl Rahner, Freibourg, Herder, 1960, V.<\/p>\n

(3) \u00ab\u00a0\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0\u00bb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n. Rudolf OTTO, Le Sacr\u00e9<\/em> (Biblioth\u00e8que scientifique), d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1edfi A. Jundt, Paris, Payot, 1949, cho \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00ab\u00a0x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm\u00a0\u00bb b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Otto kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00bb d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

(4) Khi b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef YHWH xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb Adona\u00ef<\/em>. Trong B\u1ea3n King James, B\u1ea3n Revised Standard v\u00e0 New American Bible, m\u1ed7i khi t\u1eeb lord<\/em> vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef hoa, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hyb\u00e1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb YHWH. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i, th\u00ec ch\u1eef Kyrios<\/em> thay T\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, khi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Kyrios<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu Nazareth, th\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Abraham, c\u1ee7a Isaac, c\u1ee7a Giac\u00f3p. X. Reginald H. FULLER, The Foudations of New Testament Christologie<\/em>, New York, Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1965 67-72.<\/p>\n

(5) Y. CONGAR, Sacerdoce et la\u00efcat devant leurs t\u00e2ches d\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9lisation et de civilisation<\/em> (deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9dition revue et augment\u00e9e), Paris, Cerf, 1965, 99.<\/p>\n

(6) Herberg HAAG-Paul van IMSCHOOT, \u00ab\u00a0Heilig\u00a0\u00bb, trong Bibel-lexikon<\/em>, 687\u00a0; x. Manfred HAUKE, Women in the Priesterhood\u00a0?, San Francisco, Ignatius Press, 1988, 221.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(7) x. Y. CONGAR, p. 109.<\/p>\n

(8) Rudolf SCHNACKENBURG, Le message moral du Nouveau Tesament<\/em>, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1edfi Francis Schanen, Le Puy-Lyon, Xavier, Mappens, 1963, 100.<\/p>\n

(9) Joseph Ratzinger, Foi chr\u00e9tienne hier et aujourd\u2019hui<\/em>, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1edfi E. Ginder v\u00e0 P. Schouver, Paris, Mame, 1969, 146. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

(10) \u00ab\u00a0M\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, x. Is 43, 20tt\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3\u00a0\u00bb, x. Xh 19, 6\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00bb, x. nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(11) Theological Theology of the New Testament<\/em> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fa th\u00edch 2), I, 109.<\/p>\n

(12) Peter HENRICI, \u00ab\u00a0Hans urs von Balthasar\u00a0: A Sketch of his Life\u00a0\u00bb, trong Communion<\/em>, Fall, 1989, 311.<\/p>\n

(13) Lumen Gentium, 10.<\/p>\n

(14) Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(15) Somme Th\u00e9ologique<\/em> III, 67, 2.<\/p>\n

(16) Lumen Gentium<\/em>, 28\u00a0; nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong Presbyterorum ordinis, 5 v\u00e0 12.<\/p>\n

(17) Th\u00e1nh J\u00e9r\u00f4me, Th\u01b0 146.<\/p>\n

(18) Somme Th\u00e9ologique<\/em>, Suppl. 35, 1.<\/p>\n

(19) Somme Th\u00e9ologique<\/em>, III, 65, 5 ad 1\u00a0; x. Somme contra Gentilles, IV, c.74.<\/p>\n

(20) Josef PIEPER, Problem of Modern Faith<\/em>, Chicago, Franciscan Herald Press, 1985, 68.<\/p>\n

(21) Sacrosanctum Concilium<\/em>, 7.<\/p>\n

(22) Jean-Paul II\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Address to the Scottish Priests and Men and Women religious in Edinburgh\u2019s Catholic Cathedral\u00a0\u00bb, 1 juin 1982, trong Origins<\/em>, XII\/4, 10 juin 1982.<\/p>\n

(23) Presbyterorum ordinis<\/em>, 12.<\/p>\n

(24) Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, 2.<\/p>\n

(25) \u00ab\u00a0Le ministre de l\u2019Eucharistie\u00a0\u00bb, Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin (6\/08\/1983), trong Documentation catholique<\/em> (DC) 80 (1983), tr.885-887.<\/p>\n

(26) Jean-Paul II, \u00ab\u00a0Dominicae Cenae\u00a0\u00bb, 8, trong DC 77 (1980), tr.305. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

(27) Presbyterorum ordinis<\/em>, 14.<\/p>\n

(28) J. RATZINGER, Foi chr\u00e9tienne<\/em>\u2026 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch \u1edf s\u1ed1 9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y), tr.180-181. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

(29) Saint IRENEE, Adv. Haer<\/em>., IV.<\/p>\n

(30) x. E. Tower, \u00ab\u00a0Sanctifying Grace\u00a0\u00bb, trong The Teaching of the Catholic Church<\/em>, \u00e9d. George D. Smith, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1960, tr. 572-575\u00a0; x. T.E. Flynn, \u00ab\u00a0The Supernatural Virtues\u00a0\u00bb, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean<\/em>, tr. 629 tt.<\/p>\n

(31) Henri de LUBAC, M\u00e9ditation sur l\u2019Eglise<\/em> (Th\u00e9ologie, 27), Paris, DDB, 1985, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c trang 94-101.<\/p>\n

(32) J. RATZINGER, Foi chr\u00e9tienne\u2026<\/em>, tr. 247.<\/p>\n

(33) Josemaria ESCRIVA, The Forge<\/em>, New York, Scepter, 1988, tr.87.<\/p>\n

(34) Dei Verbum<\/em>, 10\u00a0; x. Pie XII, Humani generis<\/em>, 12\/08\/1950.<\/p>\n

(35) Presbyterorum ordinis<\/em>, 4.<\/p>\n

(36) ORIG\u00c8NE, In Exod<\/em>., b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng 13, 3.<\/p>\n

(37) PAUL VI, Humanae Vitae<\/em>, 28\u00a0; JEAN-PAUL II, Familiaris Consortio<\/em>, 34.<\/p>\n

(38) x. Victor W. TURNER, The Ritual Process<\/em>, Chicago, Aldine Publishing Company, 1969.<\/p>\n

(39) Jean GALOT, Pr\u00eatre au nom du Christ<\/em>, Chambray-les-Tours, C.L.D, 1985, tr. 34-35.<\/p>\n

(40) Confessions<\/em>, X, 43, 69.<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014-<\/p>\n

HAAS, John, \u00ab\u00a0Le caract\u00e8re sacral du pr\u00eatre comme fondement de sa vie et de son enseignement moraux\u00a0\u00bb, in Cardinal J. Ratzinger, G. Chantraine, J. Haas, A. Vanhoye, Mission et formation du pr\u00eatre<\/em>, \u00e9d. Culture et V\u00e9rit\u00e9, 1990, p 51-80.<\/p>\n

Louis Renard, s.j, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u00e0i tham lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a J. Haas.<\/p>\n

Lm. Ph\u00ear\u00f4 V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o \u2013 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 linh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linh-muc","category-lm-vo-xuan-tien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5559"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5561,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions\/5561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}