{"id":6573,"date":"2015-04-01T15:26:06","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T08:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=6573"},"modified":"2015-04-01T15:26:06","modified_gmt":"2015-04-01T08:26:06","slug":"giao-huan-chinh-thuc-cua-giao-hoi-cong-giao-ve-viec-ngua-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/giao-huan-chinh-thuc-cua-giao-hoi-cong-giao-ve-viec-ngua-thai\/","title":{"rendered":"GI\u00c1O HU\u1ea4N CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A GI\u00c1O H\u1ed8I C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O V\u1ec0 VI\u1ec6C NG\u1eeaA THAI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lm. Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, S.T.D\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00f3c b\u00faa, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u00e9o le v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y cam go, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t \u2026 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00f4m nay. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cng\u1eeba thai\u201d. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1 v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho q\u00fay v\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh s\u1ea3n, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 con c\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai mong mu\u1ed1n cho ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ra s\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n th\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Tuy l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed, v\u00ec ch\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n con c\u00e1i \u2013 nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u2013 t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 hai, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt\u201d (Mt 19:6), ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1eabn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i bu\u1ed9c hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trung t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly.\u201d (Tr\u00edch C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Va-ti-ca-n\u00f4 II, trong Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, \u201cGaudium et Spes<\/em>,\u201d s\u1ed1\u00a0 48).<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngang qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u0103m lo s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111au y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n g\u1ed1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p trong vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p giao.<\/p>\n

L\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, cho n\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u1ed1n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng khi h\u1ecd giao h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd truy\u1ec1n sinh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c th\u00fa hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, th\u00ec m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 kinh hay \u0111ang thai ngh\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n sinh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, may thay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

1) \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p;<\/p>\n

2) Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn bao l\u00e2u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n sinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, ch\u1eadn ngang ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 thai trong khi giao h\u1ee3p (1)<\/p>\n

3) Sau c\u00f9ng, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p giao h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n ly, v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ng\u1eeba thai c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 thai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang giao h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho t\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX n\u00e0y (2). Tuy nhi\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a cho ph\u00e9p v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hay nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef giao h\u1ee3p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong khi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n sinh trong khi giao h\u1ee3p v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1eb1ng duy tr\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh; cho n\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, trong khi chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Do v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi hu\u1ea5n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n sinh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nhau, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00edch k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cho nhau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mong \u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tr\u1edf n\u00ean cha ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft s\u1eafp c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

I. VI\u1ec6C NG\u1eeaA THAI TRONG TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 XX <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai, t\u00f4i xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XX. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u201cng\u1eeba thai\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb sinh ra, ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 thai h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u1eeba thai, cho d\u1eabu mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n b\u00e1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n hay t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m m\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai, trong khi \u201cph\u00e1 thai\u201d l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 thai r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai k\u00e9o theo nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u sau n\u00e0y. V\u1eady b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta th\u1eed xem gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ee8C PI\u00d4 XI V\u00c0 TH\u00d4NG \u0110I\u1ec6P CASTI CONNUBII (3)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4-ma ng\u00e0y nay, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai. Theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 hi\u1ec7n nay, ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuyng h\u01b0\u1edbng tin r\u1eb1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ki-t\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1ch chung, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930, sau nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1908 v\u00e0 1920, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Lambeth, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Anh Gi\u00e1o. Theo ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o trong khi b\u00e3i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1ed1n h\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu sao c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 con s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u2013 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ki-t\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean thi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p (bao l\u00e2u c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft) trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed Ch\u00faa th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hay tr\u00e1nh mang thai, v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang c\u1eef ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, mi\u1ec5n sao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u00e1n g\u1eaft gao vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, d\u00e2m \u00f4, hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (4).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u00ean Anh gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi-\u00f4 XI, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Casti Connubii, trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t duy tr\u00ec. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng (\u0110GH) n\u00eau d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng: a) ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u201ct\u1ef1 do luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i\u201d v\u1ed1n \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; b) ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u2018\u00e1ch n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch\u2019 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda con c\u00e1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 con c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, Casti Connubii r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00eau l\u00ean hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u2026 H\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p ti\u00ean thi\u00ean theo b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 con\u2026 (nh\u01b0ng) do quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5 n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt m\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn bao l\u00e2u h\u1ecd v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau d\u1eabn tr\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o giao h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201csao cho h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n,\u201d do v\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u201cv\u00e0 ai vi ph\u1ea1m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong khi ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 \u00fd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh giao, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 danh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch chung, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 Noonan t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn, khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eeba thai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00d4-n\u0103ng (onanism). T\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u00d4-n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea-vi-ra trong C\u1ef1u U\u1edbc (x. \u0110\u1ec7 Nhi Lu\u1eadt 25, 5-6), theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c lo sao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 con c\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u00d4-n\u0103ng, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0103n \u01a1\u201d v\u1edbi ch\u1ecb d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ta-ma, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0103n \u1edf, \u2018anh ta \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00fat tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, do v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ya-v\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn anh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft (Kn 38,6-10).<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady t\u1ed9i \u00f4-n\u0103ng nh\u1eb1m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, qua \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi \u00e2m h\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t tinh, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Casti Connubii, th\u00ec t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a giao h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng theo sau s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn, m\u00e0ng bao c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh mang thai. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i theo suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Noonan, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cbao cao su\u201d (condom \u2013 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: Prophylactic) (5), trong khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5m th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c lau r\u1eeda sau l\u00fac giao h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ba-ri-e\u201d nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110.G.H. PI\u00d4 XII NG\u1ece L\u1edcI V\u1edaI HI\u1ec6P H\u1ed8I NH\u1eeeNG C\u00d4 \u0110\u1ee0 C\u00d4NG GI\u00c1O NG\u01af\u1edcI \u00dd.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1951, \u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 minh nhi\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang c\u1eef \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, qua \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 do v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai t\u00ednh theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3. Trong bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII minh nhi\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 thai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u00e0i n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n y h\u1ecdc, \u01b0u sinh h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh te, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 y khoa, \u01b0u sinh, kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII c\u0169ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00eau r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 do v\u1eady b\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd khi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu v\u1eady, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u1eefu l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t (t\u00ednh giao), trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c (6), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. H\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. (\u0110\u1ee9c Pi\u00f4 XII ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd n\u0103m 1951).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sau c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eeba thai theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh hay \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch minh nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 con v\u1edbi nhau. Cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n sinh, m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecd giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, do v\u1eady b\u1eadt ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i ch\u00fa \u00fd: li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf lu\u00e2n l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thai th\u00f4i sao? Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, tranh lu\u1eadn xoay quanh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 v\u1eeba qua.<\/p>\n

\n

3. C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ed2NG VATICAN\u00d4 II & H\u00d4N NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 GIA \u0110\u00ccNH.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1965, k\u1ebft th\u00fac kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, C\u0110 Vatican\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay (Gaudium et Spes<\/em>), trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh (7). Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau (#47), c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng chia cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d (#48). H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u1eabn th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o giao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u201cqua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau san s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sinh hoa k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chung th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau\u201d, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1ed1n h\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (#48).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu-ph\u1ee5 (v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c sinh con. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u201ccao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cx\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p\u201d, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u201c\u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi\u1ebfn cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1i vui v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1\u201d (#49).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. Ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea3 hai \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1eadn v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y tri\u1ec1u thi\u00ean cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d (#48). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9\u201d (#50).<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vui h\u01b0\u1edfng, theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khi c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn n\u00eau ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, Gaudium et Spes<\/em> khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5, \u201cd\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem nh\u1eb9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n\u2026 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ea7n xem nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao ph\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh\u201d (#50). V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n s\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia \u201cc\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u201d theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n cho bi\u1ebft: \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, \u0111\u00f2i t\u00e1i \u0111em v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea5p tr\u1eadt m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sau \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu-ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sinh con n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd\u201d. Do v\u1eady, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, tr\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng mang tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i \u201cv\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu\u201d. Trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a s\u1eafp sinh. \u201cB\u1eadc l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 con c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u201d. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u201cph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u1eefa.\u201d Cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u201ccho x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p,\u201d do v\u1eady khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng con, h\u1ecd n\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (#50).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c cha m\u1eb9 sinh s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Gaudium et Spes<\/em> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n b\u1eeba b\u00e3i khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m bao h\u00e0m ba vi\u1ec7c:<\/p>\n

1) h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh x\u1eed m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n;<\/p>\n

2) c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c con c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng,<\/p>\n

3) khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ecf ng\u00f5 cho tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 con sinh ra, \u201cch\u00ednh cha m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau c\u00f9ng, mang tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa,\u201d nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Tin M\u1eebng\u201d (#50).<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u201cr\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0, \u00edt ra t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Do v\u1eady l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh thai l\u1ea1i xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd. B\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau chung th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt.\u201d Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eadt l\u1ee9a \u0111\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau chung th\u1ee7y h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat s\u1ef1 can tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u1edbi. (#51).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u201ch\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m,\u201d Gaudium et Spes<\/em> c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ho, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u201cduy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh con c\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt\u201d (#51). \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ng\u1eeba thai v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1ch l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ri\u00eang r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u ngang qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u1ea5y. Ta th\u1eed l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f4m nay anh ta v\u00ec vui ch\u00e9n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 say r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng hay, nh\u01b0ng qua h\u00f4m sau khi anh ta h\u1ebft say r\u01b0\u1ee3u, th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1eed x\u1eed c\u1ee7a anh ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong khi nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh s\u1ea3n, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cb\u1ecb Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho l\u00e0 sai tr\u00e1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (#51). Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00ec theo l\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u1ea1i cho ti\u1ec3u ban nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 sinh su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110GH chu\u1ea9n y. Do qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

4. HUMANAE VITAE\u00a0V\u00c0 B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH C\u1ee6A N\u00d3<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u ban \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110GH Gioan XXIII<\/strong> thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1963; m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1eefa v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u1eabn gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 70 v\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi ngh\u00e0nh y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, linh m\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, h\u1ed3ng y. Sau khi ti\u1ec3u ban bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1966, hai b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0110GH Phaol\u00f4 VI; trong b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u00fd ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc k\u00fd t\u00ean th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i; c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ban th\u00ec khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00ean c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1966, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia \u00dd. Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u0110GH n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong ti\u1ec3u ban v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u201cv\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2013 khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u2013 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean.\u201d Khi khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u201ch\u00e3y ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e3y d\u00f5i theo s\u01b0 ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi\u2026 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n,\u201d \u0110GH l\u01b0u \u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n cho D\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c n\u1ebbo tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u1eb7t ra. \u0110\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec (8).<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110GH Phaol\u00f4 VI<\/strong> cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong ti\u1ec3u ban gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1edd mong t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Li\u1ec7u \u0110GH s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ra sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ban? S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p\u00a0 Humanae Vitae<\/em> (HV: S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1968.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0110GH Phaol\u00f4 VI c\u00e1m \u01a1n ti\u1ec3u ban gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ban \u0111\u00e3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd;\u201d h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng trong b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ban, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai, th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00e3 \u201cv\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 xa kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 Hu\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn h\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.\u201d Sau c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng xem x\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u201d \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean ng\u00e0i, \u0110GH Phaol\u00f4 VI, \u201csau khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n li\u00ean l\u1ef7\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (HV, #6).<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cM\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi trong vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh (HV, #11), v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u201cs\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia\u2026 gi\u1eefa hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi phu-ph\u1ee5<\/strong> (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau): \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a sinh s\u1ea3n.\u201d Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft giao th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, \u201ch\u00e0nh vi phu-ph\u1ee5 trong khi hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, th\u1ec3 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi kh\u1eafc trong t\u1eadn h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0\u201d (HV, #12). Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u201cx\u1ea5u ngay t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d (HV, #14), v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d (HV, #16) cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng khi giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i toan t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, c\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, Richard McCormick, S.J<\/strong>. n\u00eau nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau: n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u201cch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh hay hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i: hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh<\/strong>\u201d; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly theo s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d, do v\u1eady b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u201ct\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho nhau.\u201d (9) McCormick ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb g\u00ec, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 McCormick th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u201cqua vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01b0u mang m\u1ed9t thai nhi, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eeba thai trong h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh y\u00eau hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng sau n\u00e0y, McCormick \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, con c\u00e1i l\u00e0 hoa qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1i \u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn (gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ) trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri hoan nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ngh\u0129 sao v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c suy t\u01b0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong Humanae Vitae, c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u00eca. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p th\u1ec3 l\u00fd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu k\u00e9o theo \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd hay ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a kia, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Do v\u1eady t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu-ph\u1ee5 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo ch\u1ee7 \u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau phu-ph\u1ee5, c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 toan t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 con m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00e2n m\u1eadt h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng qua s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p. Do v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5y tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Artificial Insemination using a Donor\u2019s sperm (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 AID), m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5y tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o nh\u1edd tinh tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Artificial Insemination using the Husband\u2019s sperm (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 AIH), v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 tinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng l\u1eabn tinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

II. PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG C\u1ee6A GI\u1edaI TH\u1ea6N H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI HUMANAE VITAE <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Humanae Vitae, cho \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eeba thai trong khi giao h\u1ee3p (10). M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p; s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef), v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o cho l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed n\u00eau c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch tr\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

1. LI\u1ec6U NH\u1eeeNG \u00dd NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A T\u00cdNH D\u1ee4C PHU-PH\u1ee4: TRUY\u1ec0N SINH V\u00c0 TH\u00d4NG HI\u1ec6P C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 T\u00c1CH L\u00ccA NHAU?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, Humanae Vitae cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng (HV, #12). Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, McCormick n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao \u201cv\u1eabn h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 sinh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng\u201d (HV, #11). Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 McCormick cho th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a: di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho truy\u1ec1n sinh\u201d ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng giao h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 thai, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tr\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a r\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh m\u1edf ng\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1eady th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 m\u1edf ng\u00f5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao, l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 McCormick \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao v\u00f4 sinh n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh t\u00e1ch l\u00eca nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 (HV, #11) d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00f4 sinh. \u1ede ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c (HV#12) gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n chung v\u1edbi nhau trong h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. (11)<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 trong ch\u00ednh \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u (HV#11), b\u1ea3n v\u0103n vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ee5 thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n sinh n\u1edf li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1eefu l\u00fd, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, l\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat trong b\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, c\u00e2u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ee5 thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca v\u1ec1 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng<\/strong>.\u201d Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n (truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t) kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca nhau, m\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca nhau v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai. Do v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi sinh chuy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec l\u00fd l\u1ebd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao\u201d (HV, #12), xem ra l\u00e0 l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u201ct\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n\u00a0 ly\u201d h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00eau rao gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c, trong khi tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 l\u00fac Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Th\u00f4i, gi\u1edd ta h\u00e3y sang c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra theo ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c: gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ta c\u1ee9 coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u00e1m toan t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea9y xa m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u00eca nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a theo ki\u1ec3u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u201cm\u1ecdi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh\u201d, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u l\u00fd s\u1ef1 hay ho \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o The Tablet<\/em> b\u00ean Anh Qu\u1ed1c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Adrian Hastings<\/strong> cho r\u1eb1ng giao h\u1ee3p, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d. V\u00ec theo ta bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee5 thai c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta suy ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tr\u00f9 li\u1ec7u sao cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra theo sau m\u1ed5i l\u1ea7n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng giao h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau (12). Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i theo sinh h\u1ecdc \u201cm\u1edf ng\u00f5 cho truy\u1ec1n sinh\u201d, lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Hastings n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c theo nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sinh h\u1ecdc: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra h\u1ecda hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n, \u0111em thai nhi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi; lo\u1ea1i kia, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 \u2013 s\u1eafp s\u1eeda ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u2013 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 \u00eam \u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u201d Ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t k\u1eb9t, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 sanh nh\u01b0 \u201cth\u1ecf\u201d th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i cho su\u1ec3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o t\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Hastings c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n th\u00e2m th\u00fay h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y, r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i, trong lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee5 thai d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, trong khi lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. R\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u1ebf M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, \u201cGaudium et Spes<\/em>,\u201d \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 vang v\u1ecdng hai \u0111i\u1ec1u: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n sinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ti\u1ebfp theo cho con c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t cho s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, Hastings g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa hai ki\u1ec3u giao h\u1ee3p, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u201cki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 cho ki\u1ec3u kia trong l\u00fac c\u1ea7n.\u201d Do v\u1eady, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u2018h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadu thai\u2019, th\u00ec li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh khi h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c vi\u00ean ng\u1eeba thai h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn x\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.\u201d Hastings k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phi b\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u1edf ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m Hastings mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh. Theo \u00f4ng ta, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi giao h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eeba thai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc Hastings mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Theo t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u00fd c\u1ee7a suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u2013 khi s\u1ef1 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra -Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n sinh; \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai; c\u00f2n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giao h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n sinh, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u, qua vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ng\u1eeba thai, l\u00e0 giao h\u1ee3p l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, Hastings mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0, nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, trong c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng giao h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a r\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Hastings cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i giao h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 thai, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng, li\u1ec7u c\u00e1i l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ng\u1eeba thai trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111ang r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? L\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Hastings\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7n minh c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh giao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 an t\u00e2m trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng \u2013 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n \u2013 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai. Do v\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3: li\u1ec7u v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai?<\/p>\n

2. LI\u1ec6U TI\u1ebeT D\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ecaNH K\u1ef2 C\u00d3 T\u1ef0 NHI\u00caN KH\u00d4NG?<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau: li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p vang v\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0110GH Pi\u00f4 XII, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng hay v\u1ee3, hay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i lai,\u201d th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt cho v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n sinh\u201d v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c giao h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch giao h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai. V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeba thai. Th\u1eadt ra, nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; trong khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau, h\u1ecd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\u201d (HV, #16)<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7n hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00f4 sinh trong chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y; nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p giao h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai n\u00e0o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng giao h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\u201d (HV, #16). Do v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 \u00edt ra ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u2013 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i bu\u1ed9c v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng duy tr\u00ec th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u2013 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau c\u00f9ng v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, h\u1ed3 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 th\u00ec m\u1edbi coi nh\u1eb9 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i lo toan, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 cha ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.\u00a0 V\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n tr\u00ean v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho t\u00ecnh chung th\u1ee7y h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 do v\u1eady, sau c\u00f9ng g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd mong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00ean x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai d\u1ef1a theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1. James T. Burtchaell<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ra g\u00ec m\u1edbi mu\u1ed1n cho s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kinh nguy\u1ec7t, trong khi l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng cai qu\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p sinh l\u00fd\u201d (13). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Burtchaell kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ec3 l\u00fd hay sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t ham mu\u1ed1n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1i \u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng nh\u1eady c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ee9ng r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau kinh k\u1ef3. N\u0103m 1965, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John R. Cavanagh<\/strong>, t\u00e2m l\u00fd gia C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t b\u1ea3n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 xin h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, mong h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t (14). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Cavanagh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n b\u1edfi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi sinh l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, Cavanagh c\u1ed5 v\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho b\u1ea3n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ti\u1ec3u ban gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u1eeba thai, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00ean x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai theo ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng, th\u00ec v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh giao h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Burtchaell l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfc m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba lu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng n\u1eefa qua h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c.\u201d (15) V\u00ec trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u2013 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng \u2013 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nhau trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u0103n g\u1ed1i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Burtchaell ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cvi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i\u201d gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee9: t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Humanae Vitae \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o \u201cch\u01a1i ch\u1eef\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai kh\u00e1c, thay v\u00ec th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n v\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ng\u1eeba thai.\u201d Theo Burtchaell, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u00edch k\u1ef7, v\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra trong x\u1ee9 s\u1edf gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 n\u00e0y (t\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9), \u201cc\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1eeba thai.\u201d C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong m\u1ed1i nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cn\u00e3o tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eeba thai\u201d khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd che m\u1eaft l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i, v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng; do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n con c\u00e1i: hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, hai m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, hai xe h\u01a1i, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n m\u1edbi ra, du l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean l\u1ef7. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, con c\u00e1i b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ch\u00fac ph\u00fac do Ch\u00faa ban.<\/p>\n

Burtchaell x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng: v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n s\u1ebb chia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u2013 bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hay ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nhau, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (16). Ch\u00ednh khi c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, khi con c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cha l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeba thai gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 hay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u theo lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\n

Lm Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, S.T.D<\/strong><\/p>\n

L.J. Goody Bioethics Centre<\/p>\n

39 Jugan Street, Glendalough, WA. 6016<\/p>\n

Email: phtran-ljgbc@iinet.net.au<\/a><\/p>\n

———————————————————————-<\/p>\n

CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, khi ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, xem ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1eafn g\u1ecdn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, xem Richard A.McCormick, S.J., Health and Medicine in the Catholich Tradition. New York. 1984, tr.90-. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1853, Th\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 X\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i R\u00f4-ma, trong khi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p giao h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 Noonan nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i O-nan (h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111ang giao h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn ngang, cho tinh tr\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t ra ngo\u00e0i). \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu k\u1ef3 kinh nguy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf ng\u1eeba thai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c sinh \u0111\u1ebb, cho t\u1edbi khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Pi\u00f4 XII ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n m\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1951.<\/li>\n
  3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu thanh s\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n
  4. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 15, x. Noonan, s\u0111d, tra 486-87<\/li>\n
  5. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 l\u00fd th\u00fa di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cbao cao su\u201d, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh AIDS, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang b\u1ecb tai \u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, hay trong tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 2 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 HIV \u2013 Positivive, do Monsignor Jacques Suaudeau (th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh) cho \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u1edd tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o \u201cL\u2019Osservatore Romano\u201d ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 4 2000. T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: \u201cProphylactics or Family Values?\u201d.<\/em><\/li>\n
  6. B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u2026 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 2 b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y, li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean: 1)\u00a0 Jon D. Fuller and James Keenan, S.J., \u201cTolerant Signals: The Vatican\u2019s new Insights on Condoms for H.I.V. Prevention,\u201d in America<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0 September 23, 2000. Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 download t\u1eeb website http:\/\/www.americapress.org\/articles\/fuller-keenan.htm;<\/a>\u00a0 2) \u00a0\u201cSigns of the Time,<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0 America<\/em><\/strong>, October 7, 2000 do Catholc News Service (CNS) staffs.<\/li>\n
  7. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu m\u00ecnh, trong gian \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 thai, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0103n n\u1eb1m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  8. Xem Gaudium et Spes<\/em>, s\u1ed1 47-52.<\/li>\n
  9. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n Casti Connubii v\u00e0 b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong Odile M.Liebarrd(ed), Official Catholic Teachings, Vol.4 Love and Sexuality<\/em> (Wilmington, 1978).<\/li>\n
  10. \u00a0Richard A. McCormick, S.J., \u201cNote on Moral Theology\u201d, Theological Studies<\/em>, 29, 4 (Dec.1968), trang 726 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00ean xem nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong Theological Studies, 44,1 (March, 1983), tr. 82-3.<\/li>\n
  11. \u00a0McCormick, Theological Studies<\/em>, 29,4 (Dec. 1968), tr.728.<\/li>\n
  12. \u00a0Adrian Hastings trong l\u00e1 th\u01a1 g\u1eedi cho Tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o The Tablet<\/em> (2 th\u00e1ng 3 1985), tr. 238-9. Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i tr\u1ed9m ngh\u0129: n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng “\u0103n \u1edf” v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 thai c\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u1eefa, k\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n.<\/li>\n
  13. \u00a0James T. Burtchaell, \u201cHuman Life and Human Love,\u201d trong Paul T. Jersild and Dale A. Johnson (eds.), Moral Issues and Christian Response<\/em>, (New York, 1971), tr. 139-147.<\/li>\n
  14. \u00a0John R. Cavanagh, \u201cIs Rhythm Better Than We Think?\u201d, Marriage<\/em>, 47 (November, 1965), tr. 1-4.<\/li>\n
  15. \u00a0James T. Burtchaell,\u00a0 S\u0111d, tr.139-140.<\/li>\n
  16. \u00a0S\u0111d., tr. 139-147.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Lm. Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, S.T.D\u00a0 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khi\u00eam […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,31,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-tran-manh-hung","category-luan-ly","category-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6573"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6573\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6574,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6573\/revisions\/6574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}