{"id":6627,"date":"2015-04-20T16:36:03","date_gmt":"2015-04-20T09:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=6627"},"modified":"2015-04-24T13:31:57","modified_gmt":"2015-04-24T06:31:57","slug":"doi-song-than-bi-ki-to-giao-qua-cam-nghiem-cua-thanh-teresa-avila-va-thanh-gioan-thanh-gia-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/doi-song-than-bi-ki-to-giao-qua-cam-nghiem-cua-thanh-teresa-avila-va-thanh-gioan-thanh-gia-phan-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O QUA C\u1ea2M NGHI\u1ec6M C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH T\u00caR\u00caSA AVILA V\u00c0 TH\u00c1NH GIOAN TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Ai t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ng\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y \u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, b\u1edfi to\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u0111ang h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi C\u00f5i Thi\u00eang. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u00e2n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u00ean; con tim \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, tr\u00ed \u00f3c kh\u00f4ng sao ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u201ct\u1eeb tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng\u201d. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i ch\u1ea1m nh\u1eb9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1t khao t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ng\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m \u0111em th\u00e2n h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00f5i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u0129nh C\u1eedu, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. V\u1eady n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t khao v\u0129nh c\u1eedu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y trong ni\u1ec1m vui v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian m\u00e0 c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi tr\u1eddi cao, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed7i, ngay trong nh\u1eefng nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n v\u00e0 gai g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a h\u00f4m nay c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nam m\u1ed9t n\u1eef. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb trong kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111an vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1t-minh T\u00e2y Ban Nha, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f5i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. Trong c\u00f5i huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft. Hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVI \u1ea5y l\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 c\u0103n t\u00ednh nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t <\/span>Alter Christus<\/span><\/em> \u2013 Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 kh\u00e1c \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 m\u1ee5c t\u1eed. Linh m\u1ee5c thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha. H\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, linh m\u1ee5c mang trong m\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lan t\u1ecfa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1ee5c t\u1eed l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c,<\/span>[1]<\/a> v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, v\u00e0 qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 linh m\u1ee5c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha, trong Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n b\u00ed\u201d trong ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o xoay quanh hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh : Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed?<\/span>[2]<\/a> Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed s\u1ebd gi\u00fap kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban \u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>I. N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG V\u00c0 B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed\u2026. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh <\/span>Kinh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n b\u00ed (hay huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi t\u1eeb <\/span>mystica<\/span><\/em> trong ti\u1ebfng Latinh, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 <\/span>mysticism<\/span><\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 <\/span>mysticisme<\/span><\/em>. Danh t\u1eeb <\/span>mystica<\/span><\/em> kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/span>[3]<\/a> Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u00ec <\/span>mystica<\/span><\/em> b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb <\/span>myo<\/span><\/em> (che, b\u1ecbt, gi\u1ea5u), ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi danh t\u1eeb <\/span>mysterium<\/span><\/em> (huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m). <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb <\/span>mysterium<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i lai du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4, theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong khung c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[4]<\/a> Sang th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in d\u1ea5u th\u00e1nh (<\/span>stigmata<\/span><\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng chia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: th\u1ea7n b\u00ed t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m, ti\u00eau<\/span>bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 \u00c1tsisi; th\u1ea7n b\u00ed tr\u00ed n\u0103ng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>Avila; v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Inhaxi\u00f4 L\u00f4y\u00f4la l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/span>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ea7n b\u00ed\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1.2. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.2.1. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m linh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong linh h\u1ed3n. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[6]<\/a> Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed s\u1ed1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nhi\u1ec1u khi h\u1ecd gi\u1eef k\u00edn m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n m\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9. L\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n do ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[7]<\/a> C\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa Avila \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n n\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n sinh v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed tr\u1ee9 danh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ed kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m, r\u00fat ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.2. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3.<\/span>[8]<\/a> H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 khi nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u0169ng ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng khi thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span>[9]<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 cho ai bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh <\/span>\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e2n ban \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[10]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u1eaft, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.3. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u1edd th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 qua c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, v\u00e0 trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Ba Ng\u00f4i Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh.<\/span>[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong Ch\u00faa, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch tu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. <\/span>H\u00e0nh vi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a. C\u00f2n <\/span>t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n linh. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/span>[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

1.3. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong>[13]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo ba quan n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 tri tr\u1ee9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i <\/span>tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/em> bao g\u1ed3m: Th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn, si\u00eau ng\u00f4n, m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean c\u1ea3m. <\/span>Th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria, c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh hay c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: <\/span>Th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 \u1edf g\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt hay linh h\u1ed3n. Th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y hay t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f2n <\/span>th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/span><\/em>l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh ra cho linh h\u1ed3n theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y (c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y) v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ghi r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span>[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Si\u00eau ng\u00f4n<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1n t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. <\/span>M\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i<\/span><\/em>: th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, si\u00eau ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 nghe. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba nghe v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n linh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay ch\u1ec9 nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u201cm\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. <\/span>Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 \u01a1n ban gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u01a1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Vianney v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Pio Pietrelcina khi <\/span>ng\u1ed3i t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng th\u00fa. <\/span>Linh gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch linh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5m b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c <\/span>c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span><\/em> c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1eeda m\u1ebfn. <\/span>Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u1ebft trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng hay k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn hay \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. Khi xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean x\u1ea9y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tay v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 khi th\u1edf c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed <\/span>ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thu h\u00fat, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span>ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em> \u2013 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh mau l\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u00e2m linh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111em v\u1ee5t \u0111i. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t linh h\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t cho linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng qua l\u1eddi. \u1ede trong c\u01a1n ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed n\u00e0y,<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u1edf trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng<\/span>[15]<\/a>. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thu h\u00fat, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/span>L\u1eeda m\u1ebfn <\/span><\/em>l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh y\u00eau b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y trong con tim v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 lan t\u1ecfa ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn <\/span>th\u00e2n x\u00e1c<\/span><\/em>. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh, d\u1ec5 quan s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m: d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n th\u00e1nh, khinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t quang. <\/span>D\u1ea5u \u1ea5n th\u00e1nh<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 mang tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Phanxic\u00f4 \u00c1tsisi, ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1224. R\u1ed3i n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Anne-Catherine Emmerick (1774-1824), th\u00e1nh Gemma Galgali (1878 – 1903), th\u00e1nh Pi\u00f4 N\u0103m D\u1ea5u (1887 – 1968). N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Catarina th\u00e0nh Siena. <\/span>Khinh h\u00f3a<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5c b\u1ed5ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i gang tay, c\u00f3 khi cao h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0 bay b\u1ed5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Giuse Copertino (1603-1663), th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u201cbay cao\u201d v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u1ea9y ra kho\u1ea3ng 70 l\u1ea7n trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Urban\u00f4 VIII. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u01b0 bay, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u1edf hai n\u01a1i. Sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/span>ph\u00e1t quang<\/span><\/em> ho\u1eb7c <\/span>ph\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng hay h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea9y ra n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean phong.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t xa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. Th\u00e1nh Kinh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, d\u00f9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a <\/span>m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i <\/span>Th\u00e1nh Kinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2n <\/span>\u01af<\/span>\u1edbc tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00f4 song v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t <\/span>v\u1edbi<\/span> Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/span>l\u00e0<\/span> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span>[16]<\/a> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh Gioan v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 trong<\/span>t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4, qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd cho th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4<\/span>.<\/span>[17]<\/a> Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa :<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u01b0? N\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec! D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u00f4i<\/span>.<\/span>T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba – c\u00f3 \u1edf trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u00ean t\u1eadn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng – trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c hay ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft – v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i (2Cr 12, <\/span>1<\/span>-5).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0110a<\/span>–<\/span>m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0<\/span>\u201cti\u1ebfng s\u00e9t t\u00ecnh \u00e1i\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh tri \u00e2n. Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ghi s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m Phaol\u00f4, n\u00ean h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/span>nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span>[18]<\/a> K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3<\/span>,<\/span> m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa Phaol\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i theo th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Phaol\u00f4<\/span>kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/em>T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i<\/span><\/em>\u201d<\/span>(Gl 2,20). <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4:<\/span>\u201cNg\u00f4i L\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta\u201d<\/span><\/em>(Ga 1,14). D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/span>[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 c\u00e0nh nho v\u1edbi th\u00e2n nho, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 sinh nhi\u1ec1u hoa tr\u00e1i.<\/span>[20]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Ch\u00faa:<\/span>\u201cAi \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u t\u00f4i, th\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 6,56). Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d th\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh cho ta:<\/span>\u201cnh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Cha l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 sai t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa Cha th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0103n t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1edd t\u00f4i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 6,57). V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan, vi\u1ec7c \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn :<\/span>\u201cCh\u00faa Cha \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Th\u1ea7y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, Th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn anh em nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Anh em h\u00e3y \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y. N\u1ebfu anh em gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y, anh em s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Cha Th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 15, 9-10).<\/span><\/p>\n

Cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gioan \u0111\u1eb7t trong l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu c\u1ea7u xin cho m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Cha:<\/span>\u201cCon \u1edf trong h\u1ecd v\u00e0 Cha \u1edf trong con, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t.\u201d<\/span><\/em> (Ga 17,23). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gioan kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Giuse. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu h\u01a1n M\u1eb9; ai hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu h\u01a1n M\u1eb9, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu b\u1eb1ng M\u1eb9 Maria; v\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 M\u1eb9 Maria. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Maria. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho r\u1eb1ng M\u1eb9 Maria b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh ngay sau khi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t M\u1eb9 ra \u0111i trong ng\u00e0y Truy\u1ec1n tin, n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn khi M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Giuse, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ng\u00e0i trong thinh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c Maria ch\u1eb3ng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu s\u00e1t cho b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh Giuse, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t cho b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i thanh luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i thanh t\u1ea9y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh Giuse b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi con\u201d h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 thanh luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00e1nh Giuse th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong m\u01a1.<\/span>[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2.2. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>N\u1ebfu Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, th\u00ec sang th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Inhaxio th\u00e0nh Antiokia v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Polycarpo. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3: ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4. Th\u00e1nh Inhaxio coi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng hy sinh trao hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Polycarpo khi b\u1ecb thi\u00eau s\u1ed1ng :<\/span>\u201cCon xin ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee9ng ban cho con h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 trong gi\u1edd n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n ph\u1ee5c sinh, v\u00e0 \u01a1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u01b0 n\u00e1t nh\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u00e0y kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Origen.<\/span>[23]<\/a> Origen m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy g\u1eabm Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, \u1ea9n sau ngh\u0129a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a ba ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Origen gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thi ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh : s\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n d\u1ea1y lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh luy\u1ec7n; s\u00e1ch Gi\u1ea3ng Vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng; v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m Ca d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Khi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m ca, Origen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4<\/span>.<\/span>[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Origen c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1edd L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0110\u1ea5ng ng\u1ef1 trong linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong m\u00ecnh, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an vui d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa cho n\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm dung nhan Ng\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa kh\u01a1i l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t \u1ea5y. T\u1eeb c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7:<\/span>\u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang con cho Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u00fang con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 trong Ch\u00faa\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>De vera religione, <\/span><\/em>h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; c\u00f2n trong quy\u1ec3n <\/span>De sermone Domini in monte, <\/span><\/em>b\u1ea3y c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \u01a1n Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 khi m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1edfi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00faa trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, v\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 b\u00ean \u0110\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 Nyssa v\u00e0 \u0110i\u00f4nysius Areopagita. Hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Gr\u00eag\u00f4ri\u00f4 Nyssa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng\u201d, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201ct\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u0103m t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i. V\u00ec c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4n d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt.<\/span>[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0110i\u00f4nysius Ar\u00ea\u00f4pagita, b\u1edfi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho \u00f4ng.<\/span>[28]<\/a> \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm. Theo \u0110i\u00f4nysius, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, qua th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 mang d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i t\u0103m thinh l\u1eb7ng. B\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, cho n\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t u m\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d Ch\u00faa : \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d qua c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[29]<\/a> Cho n\u00ean,<\/span> h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u0103m t\u1ed1i linh <\/span>di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110i\u00f4nysius g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctia s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i t\u0103m\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1eed gia cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0110i\u00f4nysius. C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c : th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u00f4nysius m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u201cth\u1ea7n b\u00ed\u201d. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u00f4nysius \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kinh vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2.3. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican\u00f4 II trong Hi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf <\/span>Lumen Gentium<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/span>\u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng hay \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[31]<\/a> N\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y, C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5:<\/span>\u201cph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ban nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt t\u00f9y \u00fd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi theo v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa Cha trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[32]<\/a> C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau m\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, n\u00ean tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh theo b\u1eadc s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00ean th\u00e1nh th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u. <\/span>M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u01a1n Ch\u00faa ban, theo \u01a1n g\u1ecdi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/span>[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y, s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi vi\u1ebft: <\/span>\u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/em>\u201d.<\/span>[34]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 dung h\u00f2a hai quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, v\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho r\u1ea5t \u00edt linh h\u1ed3n \u01b0u tuy\u1ec3n. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>3. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[35]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d trong Ng\u00e0i,<\/span>[36]<\/a> v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y :<\/span>\u201cAi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Th\u1ea7y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y. Cha Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Cha Th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 14, 23). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng ti\u00ean v\u00e0n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd ch\u00ed,<\/span>[37]<\/a> theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Cha.<\/span>[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>3.2.<\/span><\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed giao duy\u00ean, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hay v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng.<\/span>[39]<\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2.1. M\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e2n Ph\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf b\u00e0y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3,<\/span>[41]<\/a> b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Cha.<\/span>[42]<\/a> Cho n\u00ean, c<\/span>h\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 <\/span>gi\u00e1o<\/span> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf <\/span>cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/span>t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

Chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 tri v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean th\u00e2m t\u00edn: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf b\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Bao l\u00e2u c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00e1t khao t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i.<\/span>[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch. Nh\u1edd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3.<\/span>[44]<\/a><\/p>\n

3.2.2. K\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n cao tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu d\u1ea1y.<\/span>[45]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1eabu chung l\u00e0<\/span>\u201cy\u00eau nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau\u201d<\/span><\/em>(Ga, 13, 35). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. L\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa tr\u00e0o ra l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn tha nh\u00e2n. Y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n, tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng. V\u00ec t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i dung nhan th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4.<\/span>[46]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00f9i. <\/span><\/p>\n

3.3.3. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>[47]<\/a>. Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa,<\/span>[48]<\/a><\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa<\/span>,<\/span><\/em>[49]<\/a> v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[50]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u01a1n \u201cn\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d,\u201cm\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[51]<\/a> M\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1edd b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed trong m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 \u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu do hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y; ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y quan t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>II. H\u00c0NH TR\u00ccNH TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u1ed1n huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m linh chia h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed hay con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. D\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn ba quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n; h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o theo th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila m\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp ch\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n 2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n chia h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0: thanh luy\u1ec7n, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh \u0111\u1ea1o, minh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/span>[52]<\/a> Trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1.1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh luy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh luy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Tuy s\u1ed1ng trong \u00e2n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thanh luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. <\/span>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1eb1ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf: c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u01a1n Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1.2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai<\/span><\/strong>\u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>[53]<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, g\u1edbm gh\u00e9t t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, th\u00e2m t\u00edn c\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, suy ng\u1eafm t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 suy l\u00fd. Linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1t khao t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1.3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, linh h\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Linh h\u1ed3n tan bi\u1ebfn trong Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn th\u00f4i th\u00fac, h\u1ecd qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 : linh h\u1ed3n tho\u00e1t ly th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o; l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa li\u00ean l\u1ec9 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[54]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tu \u0111\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[55]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>2. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o,<\/span>[56]<\/a> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u01a1n cao tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/span>[57]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa theo s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2.1. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh, th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma cho r\u1eb1ng :<\/span>\u201cb\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[58]<\/a> Nh\u1eefng thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1t \u0111i c\u00e1c tr\u1edf<\/span><\/strong>ng\u1ea1i ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2.2. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ede b\u1eadc n\u00e0y, theo th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh.<\/span>[59]<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, \u01a1n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2.3. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>B\u1eadc n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hay hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa:<\/span>\u201cmong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[60]<\/a> Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma, trong m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u1ee7a <\/span>T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc,<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft ta v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh vi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn l\u00e0m cho \u00fd ch\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[61]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa. Y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd y\u00eau Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd y\u00eau tha nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 y\u00eau ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>III.<\/span><\/strong>TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd V\u00c0 HO\u00c0N THI\u1ec6N KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba hay thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m hay s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn.<\/span>[62]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>1. Th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf; t\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, do m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi n\u00ean ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0<\/span><\/em>Cha tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n,<\/span>[63]<\/a><\/em>v\u00ec<\/span>\u201c\u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 anh em n\u00ean th\u00e1nh\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[64]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch quan l\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c:<\/span>\u201ctrong nh\u00e0 Cha Th\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u1edf.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 14,2). Ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00ec ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i, n\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y.<\/span>[65]<\/a> C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u1edd \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[66]<\/a> M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[67]<\/a> Cho n\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o linh h\u1ed3n \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed? Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo cha Aumann linh h\u1ed3n \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[68]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ngay ch\u00ednh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh t\u1ea9y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thanh t\u1ea9y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00ec \u00e2m th\u1ea7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo cha Juan Arintero tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m.<\/span>[69]<\/a> V\u00ec b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u1ebfm ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa. V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7p nguy\u1ec7n, khi \u0111\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[70]<\/a> C\u00f2n theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 khi linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua thanh t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/span>[71]<\/a> D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.<\/span>[72]<\/a> V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ng\u00e0i ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed g\u1eb7p nhau khi linh h\u1ed3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn, hay \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7p nguy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>2. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc linh \u0111\u1ea1o quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh g\u1ed3m hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c <\/span>thu\u1ea7n <\/span>t\u00fay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 soi d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ebfn, th\u00ec \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh th\u01b0\u1eddng vui th\u00edch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng ban \u01a1n an \u1ee7i thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thanh luy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh khi c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c <\/span>c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed,<\/span>[73]<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh <\/span>tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 khan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thanh <\/span>t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00eam n\u00e0y thanh luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0ng ban nh\u1eefng an \u1ee7i thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong l\u00fac thanh t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng? V\u00ec \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed,<\/span>[74]<\/a> l\u1ea1i v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00fa b\u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian thanh t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: v\u1eeba thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u1eeba l\u1ea5y \u0111i kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho linh h\u1ed3n kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/span>[75]<\/a> \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n h\u00e8n y\u1ebfu n\u00ean \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m.<\/span>[76]<\/a> Cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban, v\u00ec nh\u1edd c\u00f3 thanh t\u1ea9y linh h\u1ed3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m linh c\u1ea3 trong kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch n\u1ebfu \u201ct\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>3. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi trong \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh ch\u1ec9 ra ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u00e0 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u1ea7n hay ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kia l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span>[77]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Vinh quang n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ea7n linh Ba Ng\u00f4i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vinh quang Ng\u00e0i. Vinh quang \u1ea5y ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.<\/span>[78]<\/a> S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 giai \u0111i\u1ec7u ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Khi sa ng\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh vinh quang \u1ea5y. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p vinh quang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01a1n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Th\u00e1nh I-r\u00ea-n\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i :<\/span>\u201cVinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[79]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4, qua b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y. Trong ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u vinh quang \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n linh t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[80]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Khi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Tuy v\u1eady, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111em l\u1ea1i vinh quang Ba Ng\u00f4i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean m\u00fat c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft:<\/span>\u201cn\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[81]<\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu nh\u1edd b\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh T\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed; ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho \u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft<\/span>h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n linh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng <\/span>hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: thanh t\u1ea9y, soi s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh; t\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y do tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed mang l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 vinh quang Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp Ph\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0 3<\/span><\/em>]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>PH\u00caR\u00d4 T\u1ea0 V\u0102N TU\u00c2N<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>Pastores dabo vobis<\/span><\/em>, s\u1ed1 23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 153.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 154.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 156.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a>Cf. Inhaxio Loyola, <\/span>Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd nh\u1eefng rung c\u1ea3m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, <\/span><\/em>Ant\u00f4n & \u0110u\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng 2007, tr. 9 \u2013 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, <\/span><\/em>t\u1eadp 1, tr. 195.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 222.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004,<\/span><\/em>tr. 388.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a>Cf. 2Cr 12, 2-5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 141.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> Cf. s\u00e1ch <\/span>GLHTCG<\/span><\/em> s\u1ed1 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 206 – 207.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a> Cf. Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 229 \u2013 231.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London,<\/span><\/em>tr. 139.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 147.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. <\/span>160<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr.<\/span>161<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/a>Cf. 1Cr 9,1;15,8. 2Cr 4,6. Pl 3,7. Ep 3,8. 1Tm 1,16.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/a> Cf. Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. <\/span>16<\/span>9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/a>Cf. Ga 15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/a>Cf. Mt 1, 18-24 ; 2, 14-15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 175.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/a>Idib<\/span><\/em>., tr. 177.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 178.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]<\/a>Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, <\/span>Confessiones<\/span><\/em>, 1, 1, 1 : CCL 27, 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[26]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004,<\/span><\/em>tr. 193.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[27]<\/a>Cf. Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. <\/span>1<\/span>87.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[28]<\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 188.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[29]<\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 189.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[30]<\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 190 – 191.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[31]<\/a>Vaticano II, <\/span>Lumen gentium, <\/span><\/em>s\u1ed1 40.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[32]<\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., s\u1ed1 40.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[33]<\/a>Vaticano II, <\/span>Lumen gentium, <\/span><\/em>s\u1ed1 42.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[34]<\/a>S\u00e1ch <\/span>GLHTCG<\/span><\/em>, s\u1ed1 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[35]<\/a>Cf. Ga 1, 14.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[36]<\/a> Cf. Ga 14, 20.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[37]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 3<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2003, tr. 120.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[38]<\/a>Cf. Dt 10,7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[39]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 225.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[40]<\/a> Cf. 2Cr 1,3 ; Rm 1,7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[41]<\/a> Cf. Ep 1,3-10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[42]<\/a> Cf. Ga 14, 6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[43]<\/a> Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 226.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[44]<\/a> Cf. Ga, 15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[45]<\/a>Cf. Mc 12, 28-34.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[46]<\/a>Cf. Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 247.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[47]<\/a>Cf. 1Cr 6,15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[48]<\/a>Cf. 2Cr 5,17.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[49]<\/a>2Pr 1,4.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[50]<\/a>Cf. 1Cr 6,19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[51]<\/a>Cf. Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 227.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[52]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 2<\/span><\/em>, ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[53]<\/a>Theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[54]<\/a>Cf. Minh V\u1eadn, CMC. <\/span>Tu \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc: gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/em>, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, tr. 420.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[55]<\/a>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 282.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[56]<\/a> Cf. Cl 3,15.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[57]<\/a>Cf. 1Cr 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[58]<\/a>T\u00f4-ma, <\/span>T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, <\/span><\/em>II \u2013 II,. 24,. 9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[59]<\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>II \u2013 II,. 24,. 9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[60]<\/a>Pl 1, 23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[61]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 102.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[62]<\/a> Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 164.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[63]<\/a>Mt 5,48.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[64]<\/a>1Tx 4,3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[65]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em>tr. 146.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[66]<\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 193.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[67]<\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 210.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[68]<\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 209.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[69]<\/a>Juan Arintero, <\/span>The Mystical Evolution quy\u1ec3n 2<\/span><\/em>, tr. 427.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[70]<\/a>Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 164.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[71]<\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>ch<\/span>\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng 3, s\u1ed1 3 ; ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7, s\u1ed1 5.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[72]<\/a> Cf. Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 213.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[73]<\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 196.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[74]<\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 196.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[75]<\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 199.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[76]<\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5, tr. 142-143.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[77]<\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>, tr. 48.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[78]<\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 49.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[79]<\/a>I-r\u00ea-n\u00ea, <\/span>Ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o IV, <\/span><\/em>20,7, d\u1ecbch theo Sources Chr\u00e9tiennes, tr. 647 \u2013 649.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[80]<\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 1<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/em>tr. 51.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[81]<\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 52.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u00a0Ai t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean ch\u1eafc c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ng\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tam-linh","category-thien-phong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6627"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6630,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6627\/revisions\/6630"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}