{"id":6633,"date":"2015-04-22T19:34:27","date_gmt":"2015-04-22T12:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=6633"},"modified":"2015-04-24T13:33:05","modified_gmt":"2015-04-24T06:33:05","slug":"doi-song-than-bi-ki-to-giao-qua-cam-nghiem-cua-thanh-teresa-avila-va-thanh-gioan-thanh-gia-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/doi-song-than-bi-ki-to-giao-qua-cam-nghiem-cua-thanh-teresa-avila-va-thanh-gioan-thanh-gia-phan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd KI-T\u00d4 GI\u00c1O QUA C\u1ea2M NGHI\u1ec6M C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH T\u00caR\u00caSA AVILA V\u00c0 TH\u00c1NH GIOAN TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 (Ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef k\u00edn v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do: t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed mang t\u00ednh kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd gi\u1eef ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ebf s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng cung b\u1eadc c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u1ea7n linh trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>I. \u0110\u1ec2 HI\u1ec2U TH\u00c1NH T\u00caR\u00caSA AVILA<\/span><\/strong><\/strong>V\u00c0 TH\u00c1NH GIOAN TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed T\u00e2y Ban Nha l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n b\u00ed T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cm\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\u201d t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y sang l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, M\u00eahic\u00f4, Phi Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n. V\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169\u201d gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u00e9o theo \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a lan tr\u00e0n, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c x\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0i mong nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai m\u1edf. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n b\u1ea7u da m\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f5i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean; khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong khi\u00eam h\u1ea1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt trong th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan. Copernicus kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n, n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a> Khi Kepler t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u00ec T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat linh h\u1ed3n; l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu Vesalius nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 <\/span>ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n hai ng\u00e0i th\u00ec ph\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha s\u1ebd m\u00e3i ghi danh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n n\u0103ng : trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, Ng\u00e0i cho xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi, \u1edf c\u00f9ng, th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2. Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 lung lay c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 sa \u0111\u1ecda c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9i. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 sau khi T\u00ear\u00easa Avila ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi hai n\u0103m, ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1517 linh m\u1ee5c Luther c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ly khai v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh. V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Calvin <\/span>mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn G\u01a1neve th\u00e0nh R\u00f4ma th\u1ee9 hai.<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, vua Henri VIII c\u1ee7a Anh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Mary c\u1ee7a Xc\u1ed1tlen \u0111\u00e3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o John Knox. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ly khai th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh do s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Trent\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1545 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1563. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Inhaxi\u00f4 L\u00f4y\u00f4la qui t\u1ee5 h\u0103ng say ra chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. H\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111ang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, h\u1ea7u v\u00e3n h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 tinh tuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh thi\u00eang v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo cha Jordan Aumann,<\/span>\u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch sai l\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 C\u00e1t-minh, c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khao kh\u00e1t c\u1ea7u xin cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed tinh tuy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 : th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa hay \u01a1n th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a> Trong c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n tu tr\u00ec sa s\u00fat. C\u00e1c tu s\u0129 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea1i hy sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Khoa th\u1ea7n b\u00ed gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u0110i\u1ec1u Tra T\u00e2y Ban Nha,<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a> kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn. <\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho T\u00ear\u00easa v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au <\/span>kh\u1ed5 do T\u00f2a \u0110i\u1ec1u Tra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Alumbrados, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f3 g\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee5c kh\u01a1i trong.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1nh theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa A-vi-la<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1.1. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ng\u00e3 ng\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110a-m\u00e1t<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a> \u0111\u00e3 chia \u0111\u00f4i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Saun c\u1ee7a Do-th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a>c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho T\u00ear\u00easa Avila \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu \u2013<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u1ea5y ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1515 <\/span>trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c,<\/span> t\u1ea1i La Moneda g\u1ea7n Avila, v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span>Teresa Sanchez de Cepeda y Ahumada<\/span>. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Alonso Sanchez de Cepeda, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Beatriz d\u2019Avila Y Ahumada, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111oan trang, ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft trinh th\u00e1m.<\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a> S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>v\u1eeba kh\u00e1t khao s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Avila g\u1ecdi c\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby\u00a0T\u00ear\u00easa Ahuma\u0111a Cepeda. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng anh ch\u00e0ng si m\u00ea T\u00ear\u00easa ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00f4 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ba tu\u1ed5i. Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu qua \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi T\u00ear\u00easa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa do c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. <\/span>V\u00e0o <\/span>s\u1ed1ng <\/span>n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa trong tu vi\u1ec7n theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha,<\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 <\/span>s\u1ebd <\/span>tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef tu. <\/span>N\u00e0ng <\/span>ch\u1ec9 mong<\/span> s\u1edbm h\u1ebft n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00faa m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tha thi\u1ebft, m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eb1ng co chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng k\u00edn C\u00e1t-minh, khi c\u00f4 21 tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong tu vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 \u1edf Avila, s\u01a1 T\u00ear\u00easa nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00f2a nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng k\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n. V\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu c\u00f3 gi\u1edd tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch, n\u00ean c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111an vi\u1ec7n. T\u00ear\u00easa c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb x\u00e2u x\u00e9 trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1edfi kh\u00e1t khao m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa l\u00fac c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong tu ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i vi, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n trong gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn x\u1ea9y ra khi ch\u1ecb \u0111ang c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, T\u00ear\u00easa r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n. Trong c\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef tu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby\u00a0T\u00ear\u00easa Ahuma\u0111a Cepeda\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu, n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u1ea5y, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u1edf trong ch\u1ecb. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3 trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, con tim T\u00ear\u00easa ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi con tim c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i \u201cdanh gi\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n \u1ea5y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gian kh\u1ed5 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng k\u00edn ng\u00e0nh n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam,<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ban s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecb can \u0111\u1ea3m thi h\u00e0nh. Khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng say v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n C\u00e1t-minh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb Gioan. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y, T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>h\u0103ng say kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1582 trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111an vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u1edf Alba de Tormes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span>2.1.2. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft g\u00ec. Ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u00e1c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t T\u00ear\u00easa b\u1eadc th\u00e0y trong con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed <\/span><\/em>T<\/span><\/em>\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>,<\/span> t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a<\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, theo s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi cha Garcia de Toledo, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1562. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>.<\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 trong th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00ear\u00easa vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh cha D. Banez, linh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 :<\/span>\u201cTi\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a con tim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trau d\u1ed3i b\u1edfi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e3n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[11]<\/span><\/a> Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khai t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa C\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c t<\/span>h\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa <\/span>l\u00e0 <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1577. T<\/span>uy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m<\/span> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh linh h\u1ed3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa qua b\u1ea3y c\u01b0 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 r\u00fat t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span>[12]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m cao si\u00eau n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ebbo ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 15 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1567 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1582 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111i kh\u1eafp T\u00e2y Ban Nha, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 17 \u0111an vi\u1ec7n n\u1eef C\u00e1t-minh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n<\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa Avila l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u1ea1n Tr\u0103m N\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n m\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, t\u00f4n th\u1edd. T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu. N\u0103m 1622, sau 40 n\u0103m t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng T\u00ean l\u00e0 Inhaxi\u00f4 L\u00f4y\u00f4la v\u00e0 Phanxic\u00f4 Xavie.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu d\u00f2ng k\u00edn. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u k\u00e9p do ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed linh \u0111\u1ea1o: nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00f4 song trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/span>[14]<\/span><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n:<\/span>\u201cch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ai s\u00e1nh vai v\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[15]<\/span><\/a><\/em>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00ear\u00easa<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m hay th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00ear\u00easa Avila. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>N\u0103m 1970<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span> Gi\u00e1o<\/span> ho\u00e0ng Phaol\u00f4VI<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 phong th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh<\/span>. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n <\/span>l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn danh hi\u1ec7u cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/span>[16]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

2.2. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2.2.1. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ba danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y: Gioan Yepes ; Gioan Th\u00e1nh M\u00e1tthia v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. C\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i: Gioan Yepes \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Gioan Th\u00e1nh M\u00e1tthia \u2013 tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u2013 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gioan Yepes ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1542 t\u1ea1i Castille, l\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gonzalo de Yepes v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Catarina Alvarez. \u00d4ng Gonzalo de Yepes xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 \u1edf Toledo. B\u00e0 Catarina Alvarez, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, v\u1eeba di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7 v\u1eeba cao qu\u00ed nh\u01b0ng con nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i. H\u1ecd y\u00eau nhau v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i. Khi Gioan Yepes l\u00ean 4 tu\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng. Nh\u1edd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, Gioan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Gioan Yepes \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n say m\u00ea h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1563, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21 tu\u1ed5i, Gioan quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa trong d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh nam. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1564, Gioan Yepes tuy\u00ean kh\u1ea5n v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh M\u00e1tthia. Nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ham h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tu s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u00e0y Gioan t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng T\u00ean Salamanca. Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1567, th\u00e0y Gioan th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Avila d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 m\u1edf tay. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, cha Gioan \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra cho cha Gioan m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00fd th\u00fa d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. Qua vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, cha Gioan v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa quan ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho hai v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng k\u00edn ng\u00e0nh nam, k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cha Gioan b\u1ecb c\u00e1c anh em c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1eaft giam t\u1ea1i Toledo t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1577 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1578. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, danh x\u01b0ng Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Toledo \u0111\u00e3 chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1eddi tu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i : 14 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1563 c\u1eadu Gioan v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh, v\u00e0 14 n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 1591 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Ubeda.<\/span>[17]<\/span><\/a> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n th\u00ec tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c:<\/span>\u201c\u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00edn <\/span>th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1n \u0111au chuy\u1ec3n c\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[18]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

2.2.2. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng t\u00f9 giam t\u1ea1i Toledo, Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e1ng th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7, khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha m\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c minh gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u00e1ng th\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00e0: <\/span>L\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh C\u00e1t Minh<\/span><\/em> (1579 – 1585); <\/span>\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/em> (1582 – 1585); <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em> (bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1584 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m 1586 v\u00e0 1591); <\/span>Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh n\u1ed3ng<\/span><\/em> (bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1585 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1587, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1586 v\u00e0 1591). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 10 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 <\/span>T\u00ecnh kh\u00fac<\/span><\/em>; kho\u1ea3ng 200 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 <\/span>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/span><\/em> c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng <\/span>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span><\/em>; <\/span>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi<\/span><\/em>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/span><\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n <\/span>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span><\/em> g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 34 <\/span>l\u00e1 th\u01b0<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[19]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p th\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng k\u00edn, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t: l\u00e0 t\u1eadp s\u01b0, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p. N\u0103m 1570 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Salamanca, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tu s\u1ef9 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 cha linh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec Gioan Yepes \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1726 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XIII \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean phong Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00ean b\u1eadc hi\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh. <\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cha Thomas Merton \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>[20]<\/span><\/a> Ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila trao cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 linh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/span>[21]<\/span><\/a> C\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh, Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa Avila l\u00e0 hai c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e1t-minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng x\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span>[22]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c tu s\u1ef9 nam, n\u1eef m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa C\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i linh \u0111\u1ea1o <\/span>\u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01a1 \u1ea5u thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u201d<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa H\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00easu, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a linh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u201ct\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d<\/span><\/em> m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u01a1n g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh V\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qui t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb k\u1ebb h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd, nam l\u1eabn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft, th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[23]<\/span><\/a> B\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 Ana de P\u1ebdnalosa \u0111\u00e3 coi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0y. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft t\u1eb7ng b\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cao si\u00eau b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 <\/span>Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh n\u1ed3ng. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 khi so s\u00e1nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 <\/span>T\u1ed5ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Aquin\u00f4 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, hay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 <\/span>\u0111\u1ec1 ra.<\/span>[24]<\/span><\/a><\/em>T\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u201cti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed\u201d<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh phong t\u1eb7ng cho th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1926, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span><\/strong>[25]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa Phanxic\u00f4 \u00c1tsisi v\u00e0 Clara. V\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. <\/span><\/p>\n

3.1. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 bao \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u2026, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m chung n\u00e0y c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o : c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u say m\u00ea Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. <\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 di\u1ec5n ra n\u0103m 1567, khi \u1ea5y cha Gioan m\u1edbi 25 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f2n T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 sang tu\u1ed5i 52, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Sau cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3, T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho bao nhi\u00eau kinh nguy\u1ec7n xin Ch\u00faa ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5. Cha Gioan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa, cha Gioan l\u00e0<\/span>\u201cm\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n thanh khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[26]<\/span><\/a><\/em>B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, T\u00ear\u00easa coi Gioan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201ccon c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9\u201d v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u201ccha linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/span>[27]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian cha Gioan l\u00e0m linh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, T\u00ear\u00easa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u00f4n t\u00e2m linh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, cha Gioan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. V\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[28]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu T\u00ear\u00easa t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Castille, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ai nh\u01b0 cha Gioan,<\/span>[29]<\/span><\/a> th\u00ec cha Gioan c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cha Gioan v\u00e0 khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cha Gioan th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p n\u01a1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa.<\/span>[30]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

3.2. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0m B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n cha Gioan l\u00e0m linh h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00e2m linh gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u. Cha Crisogono n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa v\u00e0 cha Gioan t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 hai b\u00e0n tay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng.<\/span>[31]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i 130 n\u1eef tu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian cha Gioan b\u1ecb giam t\u1ea1i Toledo, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng k\u00edn ng\u00e0nh n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3. Trong gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e1t-minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 trong gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ngay l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c tu s\u1ef9 C\u00e1t-minh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u, bi\u1ebft bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ch\u00faa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i qua s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi say m\u00ea s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n hay \u00edt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft mang t\u00ednh ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span>[32]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 t\u00e2m linh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm. <\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh, T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh luy\u1ec7n. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb l\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111au kh\u1ed5, thanh luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con tim, trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n, B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e1t-minh. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a con tim m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, khi ch\u01b0a s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e0y T\u00ear\u00easa. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n linh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh gi\u1ea3i n\u01a1i <\/span>Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh n\u1ed3ng <\/span><\/em>c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>II. C\u1ea2M NGHI\u1ec6M TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00caR\u00caSA AVILA V\u00c0 GIOAN TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em>C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 \u00e2n ban c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span>Trong <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa vi\u1ebft :<\/span>\u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ban cho \u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[33]<\/span><\/a><\/em>Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u01a1n k\u00e9p\u201d \u1ea5y, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 v\u0103n v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qui h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cung b\u1eadc vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp s\u1eafc n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. T\u1eeb b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1ecfa, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft y\u00eau b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi. C\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a an \u1ee7i, kh\u00e1t khao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ganh t\u1ecb, b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng b\u1edfi b\u00ecnh an, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i trong thanh t\u1ea9y kh\u00f4 khan, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m thanh khi\u1ebft, b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t che gi\u1ea5u, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i lo m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. T\u1ef1a t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1:<\/span>\u201cL\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, sao Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf r\u01a1i con?\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Mt 27,46)<\/span>. <\/span><\/em>B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 y\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con tim. C\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1 nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, h\u1ec5 ai mu\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Calcutta c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20 : <\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, n\u1ed7i c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t Ch\u00faa v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng con \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i con kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng con tim l\u1eabn l\u00fd tr\u00ed. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong con tim con b\u1ecb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng. Khi n\u1ed7i \u0111au qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, con chi bi\u1ebft mong m\u1ecfi, mong m\u1ecfi Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[34]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>C\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Khi nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, M\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa Calcutta \u0111\u00e3 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n :<\/span>\u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u2018b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i\u2019. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf xa Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[35]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Khi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean do n\u1ed7i \u0111au trong con tim b\u1edfi kh\u00e1t khao t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. Khi s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb nhung t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec th\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con tim, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn, tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho linh h\u1ed3n. Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c :<\/span>\u201cAi m\u00e0 trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 chan h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u0103m t\u1ed1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim coi nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[36]<\/span><\/a><\/em>Trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u1ea5y, linh h\u1ed3n \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>V\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u1ea5y\u201d <\/span><\/em>(kh\u00fac ca 10). <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n. Thi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y, linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft \u1ea5y v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[37]<\/span><\/a> B\u1edfi v\u00ec:<\/span>\u201cNg\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d<\/span><\/em> (Tv 36, 10).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 thanh luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7: \u201c<\/span>\u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i bao ph\u1ee7 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng quanh t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u0111en s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u01b0 ban ng\u00e0y, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Tv 138, 11-12). \u0110\u00eam \u0111en l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh, \u0111\u00eam chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd b\u00f9ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ban ng\u00e0y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu soi tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ea9y l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u00edch\u201d b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Ch\u1ec9 khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh t\u1ea9y linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7i, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n, thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 : khi l\u1eeda t\u00e1p v\u00e0o c\u1ee7i th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee7i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4 \u0111i, r\u1ed3i t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt trong c\u1ee7i ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ee7i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e0o ra s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng b\u00ean trong. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1eeda thui cho c\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh \u0111en \u0111\u1ee7i, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ed1c m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. C\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7n, l\u1eeda c\u00e0ng l\u00f4i c\u1ee7i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 linh tinh x\u1ea5u xa v\u00e0 t\u0103m t\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi l\u1eeda. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1eeda b\u00e9n v\u00e0o c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda <\/span>v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda.<\/span>[38]<\/span><\/a> C\u0169ng v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u1eeda th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i thanh t\u1ea9y n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi x\u1ea5u xa \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. L\u1eeda l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eadt ra ngo\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n \u0111en \u0111\u1ee7i, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1edfm h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m\u201d c\u1ee7a \u01a1n chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n linh chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi, gi\u00fap linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111o\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh. \u201c\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i t\u0103m\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4 khan, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh t\u1ea9y h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n, Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ede \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u00ec c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ee7i th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh than. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 than \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng khi thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t than, l\u1eeda c\u0169ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn than th\u00e0nh ra tro. Trong <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca 39,<\/span><\/em> th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 <\/span>\u201cng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\u201d, <\/span><\/em>\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. L\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh : v\u1eeba thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t linh h\u1ed3n; v\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[39]<\/span><\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n ph\u00fac, khi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau hoan l\u1ea1c. V\u00ec khi linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, c\u00f9ng m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m do b\u00ean h\u01a1n b\u00ean k\u00e9m, nh\u01b0 khi linh h\u1ed3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. B\u1edfi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngang h\u00e0ng. \u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t linh h\u1ed3n ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gioan reo l\u00ean trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cN<\/span>g\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh n\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/span><\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4i ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng!<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y t\u00f4i, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u00f4i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4i nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng!<\/span><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfu huy ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o hang h\u1ed1c gi\u00e1c quan,<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u0103m t\u1ed1i m\u00f9 l\u00f2a,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nay chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o,<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed \u00c1i t\u00f4i y\u00eau.<\/span>[40]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>M\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i linh h\u1ed3n. Qua \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e9 m\u1edf : t\u1eeb t\u0103m t\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng; t\u1eeb thanh t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3. V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00ear\u00easa m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt <\/span><\/em>v\u00e0 <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em> s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi qua c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>. T\u00ear\u00easa thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau : <\/span><\/p>\n

Con th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf b\u00ean tay tr\u00e1i con \u2026 Ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n S\u1ed1t M\u1ebfn, tay c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft, con tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2m m\u0169i s\u1eaft n\u00e0y v\u00e0o tim con m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n, th\u1ea5u t\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 con. Khi Ng\u00e0i r\u00fat ra, con c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i r\u00fat c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m can con ra theo, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd con b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y l\u1eeda y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[41]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>L\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng khi <\/span>c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111au v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fang th\u00ec n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o l\u1edbn lao :<\/span>\u201cn\u00f3 g\u00e2y cho con ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1ee5 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean<\/span><\/em>\u201d.<\/span>[42]<\/span><\/a> T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, v<\/span>\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u say \u0111\u1eafm, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ed7i nh\u1edb \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng s\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1i b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc mong n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i.<\/span>[43]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n : khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh,<\/span>[44]<\/span><\/a> h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i, th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n cho linh h\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1. D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea9y ra trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho linh h\u1ed3n l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n mong \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean <\/span>m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u trong cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/span>\u201cv\u1ebft ph\u1ecfng \u00eam \u00e1i\u201d.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n.<\/span>[45]<\/span><\/a> Trong s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u c\u0169ng tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n. S\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00ec v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u00e1t khao ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau. V\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nhau r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Lang Qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,<\/span>[46]<\/span><\/a> n\u00ean \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4n ngu\u00f4i. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1t khao y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau? Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau, khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh luy\u1ec7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i thanh luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch, tinh tuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n an \u1ee7i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u. Cho n\u00ean, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u trao ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u201cy\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau\u201d kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb y\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con tim. C\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0y thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hay \u01b0\u1edbc mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00fang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do trao ban cho ai, v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n trao ban c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u00fang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 trao ban cho ai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trao hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00e1i tim cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>C\u1ea3 T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed qua cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh linh h\u1ed3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. D\u00f9 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3y c\u01b0 s\u1edf trong <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ea7u thang m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u2013 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong<\/span>\u201cL\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m\u201d<\/span><\/em>, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh n\u1eef m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua b\u1ea9y c\u01b0 s\u1edf (ph\u00f2ng, t\u1ea7ng, b\u1eadc) c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. Trong m\u1ed7i c\u01b0 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng ban \u00e2n hu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i trao ban ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf c\u01b0 s\u1edf cu\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/em>, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i pha l\u00ea trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tinh tuy\u1ec1n. Linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng suy ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea9u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n. C\u0169ng trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf cho linh h\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i cao c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ai mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 hai ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 hai<\/span><\/em> linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm. Linh h\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn xa nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng xa tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp t\u1ed9i n\u00ean r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi d\u1ecbp, m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y linh h\u1ed3n khao kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c giao tranh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ec9, g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho linh h\u1ed3n. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n cho linh h\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xa Ch\u00faa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec c\u1eeda d\u1eabn v\u00e0o l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, linh h\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 ba<\/span><\/em>. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian nhi\u1ec1u linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y.<\/span>[47]<\/span><\/a> \u1ede c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban nh\u1eefng \u01a1n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi \u1ea5y linh h\u1ed3n \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9, th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh, h\u1ed3i t\u00e2m l\u00e2u gi\u1edd, thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c \u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t linh h\u1ed3n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 khan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, qua \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n. C\u00f3 kh\u00f4 khan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1m r\u00fat \u01a1n an \u1ee7i thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, bi\u1ebft vui v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm an t\u0129nh.<\/span>[48]<\/span><\/a> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm an \u1ee7i thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa ban. V\u00ec lao nh\u1ecdc t\u00ecm khi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ban. \u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn lao cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u cho ma qu\u1ec9, cho n\u00ean ma qu\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1o danh. C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00fac r\u1ebd quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eang li\u00eang, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n, linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u01a1n Ng\u00e0i ban.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ede trong <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/span>[49]<\/span><\/a> Khi \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n trong ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n, theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ef1 do ra v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ban \u01a1n. Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o th\u00e2m s\u00e2u linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i quan n\u00e0o. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eeb con t\u1eb1m x\u1ea5u x\u00ed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con b\u01b0\u1edbm tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n sung s\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau hao v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00e1t mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecbu th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh, \u1edf trong c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ed1t nh\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh h\u1ed3n. Linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong <\/span>c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ea9y th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ea5u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n l\u00e0m linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ebfu v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i l\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 ng\u00f4n. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa cho linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho linh h\u1ed3n h\u01b0\u1edfng Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f2n s\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1i h\u01a1n c\u01a1n ng\u00e2y ng\u1ea5t trong b\u1eadc nguy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafm an t\u0129nh. V\u00ec trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p.<\/span>[50]<\/span><\/a> Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra c\u01a1n ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y<\/span><\/em> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 hai. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadn linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0m h\u00f4n th\u00ea. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, Ch\u00faa \u0111em linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u00f9, nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i Phaol\u00f4.<\/span>[51]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho linh h\u1ed3n. Linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 con m\u1eaft x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 con m\u1eaft linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec. Linh h\u1ed3n \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d v\u00ec c\u1ea3 Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang. \u0110\u00ednh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf b\u00ean nhau. C\u00f2n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n vui h\u01b0\u1edfng nhau trong thinh l\u1eb7ng th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u. Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd. Ch\u00faa ban cho linh h\u1ed3n n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n m\u00e0 h\u00f4n th\u00ea c\u1ea7u xin \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n. Khi \u1ea5y linh h\u1ed3n qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00e1t khao \u00fd Ch\u00faa <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00faa m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111em linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ma qu\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed n\u1eefa. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n Ch\u00faa ban cho kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c linh h\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u00fd ri\u00eang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng ta \u0111\u00e3 trao t\u1ef1 do cho Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1eddi t\u00e1i b\u00fat t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3: ch\u00ednh \u00d4ng Ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i.<\/span>[52]<\/span><\/a> V\u00ec \u00d4ng Ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do ra v\u00e0o l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 ban \u01a1n, cho ai, khi n\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n. <\/span>Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ngoan ng\u00f9y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ban, v\u00ec<\/span>\u201cGi\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec th\u1ed5i\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 3,8)<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1n cao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. D\u00f9 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch, th\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <\/span>cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang <\/span>li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ai bi\u1ebft khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0n ng\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. \u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i linh h\u1ed3n \u2013 c\u1ea7u thang m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7u thang b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thang chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u1ea7u thang \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc thang t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Giac\u00f3p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.<\/span>[53]<\/span><\/a> Chi\u1ebfc thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean thang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n l\u00ean l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh thang. Chi\u1ebfc thang c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc, l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/span>[54]<\/span><\/a> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban \u01a1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3:<\/span>\u201cv\u1eeba soi s\u00e1ng linh h\u1ed3n, v\u1eeba khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng linh h\u1ed3n l\u00ean t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1edbi n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[55]<\/span><\/a> B\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, linh h\u1ed3n b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u1eadc l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh thang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. <\/span>Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i b\u1eadc, linh h\u1ed3n theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf b\u1eadc n\u00e0o trong m\u01b0\u1eddi cung b\u1eadc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>B\u1eadc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u201cg\u1ea7y m\u00f2n ti\u1ec1u t\u1ee5y\u201d<\/span><\/em> v\u00ec n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u00ecnh N\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m Ca \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eadc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y:<\/span>\u201cN\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef Gi\u00earusalem, t\u00f4i van n\u00e0i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n : g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i y\u00eau d\u1ea5u, xin cho nh\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng : t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1ed1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Dc 5,8). Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ed1m, linh h\u1ed3n t\u1ef1a k\u1ebb si t\u00ecnh, m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, nh\u1edb t\u00ecnh, \u1ed1m v\u00ec y\u00eau. Trong c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, th\u00fa vui, an \u1ee7i hay ngh\u1ec9 y\u00ean n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/span>[56]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01a1n thanh t\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n linh. Cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn ngay l\u00ean <\/span>b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 hai<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>B\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3<\/span>\u201c\u1ed1m v\u00ec y\u00eau\u201d<\/span><\/em> v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh, n\u00ean \u1edf b\u1eadc n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n li\u00ean l\u1ec9 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. M\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay trao \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u00f9 \u0103n, ng\u1ee7, th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u.<\/span>[57]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc trong cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong <\/span>b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 ba<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc thang y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. B\u1edfi l\u00f2 than h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, n\u00ean:<\/span>\u201cD\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn lao cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u, linh h\u1ed3n v\u1eabn coi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nhoi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f3 v\u1eabn coi l\u00e0 \u00edt \u1ecfi, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i tuy d\u00e0i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn coi l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[58]<\/span><\/a><\/em>V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd mu\u1ed9n phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 \u00edt cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i bi\u1ebft bao n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft \u0111i ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n v\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[59]<\/span><\/a> T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng : linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111ang d\u1ea1y cho linh h\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau k\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tuy linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn th\u00eam \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5.<\/span>[60]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u1edd thanh luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 xa kh\u1ecfi th\u00f3i h\u00e1o danh, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadt hay k\u1ebft \u00e1n k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c<\/span>[61]<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/a> n\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u1eadc thang k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng d\u00f9 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/span>[62]<\/span><\/a> B\u1edfi v\u00ec, linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 v\u00e0n h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n, cho n\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c<\/span>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/span><\/em>[63]<\/span><\/a> L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u1edf b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3.<\/span>[64]<\/span><\/a> V\u00ec th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n khao kh\u00e1t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u00ec qu\u00e1 y\u00eau, qu\u00e1 khao kh\u00e1t hi\u1ec3u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, n\u00ean trong b\u1eadc thang t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t.<\/span>[65]<\/span><\/a>S\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea5t \u0111i, b\u1edfi :<\/span>\u201ck\u1ebb \u0111ang y\u00eau s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[66]<\/span><\/a> Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 cho r\u1eb1ng trong b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed7 b\u00e9o trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau,<\/span>[67]<\/span><\/a> no th\u1ecfa c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t \u1ea5y, linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ea1y nhanh l\u00ean b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201cch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d n\u00ean trong <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u<\/span><\/em> n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n bay l\u00ean nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[68]<\/span><\/a> Ti\u00ean tri Isaia \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ebft :<\/span>\u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eady tr\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 chim b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd tung c\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea1y ho\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111i m\u00e3i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00f9n ch\u00e2n\u201d<\/span><\/em>(Is 40, 31). L\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh nh\u1eb9n l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ea9y.<\/span>[69]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong <\/span>b\u1eadc thang t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ee9 b\u1ea9y<\/span><\/em> s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00e2n ban cho linh h\u1ed3n. Ai \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, hy v\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/span>[70]<\/span><\/a> n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng M\u00f4s\u00ea m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n c\u1ea7u xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa tha cho d\u00e2n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y x\u00f3a t\u00ean \u00f4ng trong s\u1ed5 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng,<\/span>[71]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ecnh N\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n th\u1ed1t l\u00ean:<\/span>\u201c\u01af\u1edbc g\u00ec ch\u00e0ng h\u00f4n ta nh\u1eefng n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00e0ng\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Dc 1,1). L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n d\u00e1m b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ? V\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Vua d\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 n\u00f3,<\/span>[72]<\/span><\/a> n\u00ean nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o d\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho, linh h\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1edf <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m<\/span><\/em>, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y linh h\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u00f4m gh\u00ec l\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[73]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ecnh N\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m ca \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y:<\/span>\u201cV\u1eeba r\u1eddi h\u1ecd m\u00e0 \u0111i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f2ng t\u00f4i y\u00eau d\u1ea5u. T\u00f4i v\u1ed9i n\u00edu l\u1ea5y ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu bu\u00f4ng ra, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1eabu, t\u1edbi khu\u00ea ph\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0u mang t\u00f4i\u201d<\/span><\/em>(Dc 3,4). N\u01a1i b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o, linh h\u1ed3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh luy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng can \u0111\u1ea3m b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean b\u1eadc thang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ede <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn<\/span><\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, linh h\u1ed3n l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi x\u00e1c, b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y th\u1eadt d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y.<\/span>[74]<\/span><\/a> S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y hoan l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n ban cho linh h\u1ed3n, b\u1edfi linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u01a1n l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho linh h\u1ed3n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3. B\u1edfi trong b\u1eadc thang n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ea9y k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thanh luy\u1ec7n \u1edf luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5c.<\/span>[75]<\/span><\/a> V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u1eadc thang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1eadc thang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.<\/span>[76]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i <\/span>b\u1eadc thang th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/em>, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span>[77]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Gioan, linh h\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa:<\/span>\u201cch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi,v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d <\/span><\/em>(1Ga 3,2).<\/span><\/em>S\u1ef1 n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[78]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0110\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc thang, n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i, do hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u01a1n th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n linh<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n linh. Trong cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201ct\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi T\u00ecnh N\u01b0\u01a1ng linh h\u1ed3n; c\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1t khao \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1m li\u1ec7t v\u00ec y\u00eau. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n linh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u01a1i l\u00ean l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n. Ph\u1ea7n linh h\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00fang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u thao luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[79]<\/span><\/a> V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa A-vi-la, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong c\u01a1n ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, khi linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan.<\/span>[80]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u01b0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef khi \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau, linh h\u1ed3n thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 h\u00f4n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng \u201cti\u1ebft l\u1ed9\u201d cho linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb9p cho linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 uy nghi, trang s\u1ee9c cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1eb7c cho linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng an b\u00ecnh, hoan l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau.<\/span>[81]<\/span><\/a> Trong ni\u1ec1m vui s\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y, linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ca h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u:<\/span>\u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng h\u1ebft d\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho Ch\u00e0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb l\u1ea1i g\u00ec. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng Ch\u00e0ng k\u1ebft t\u00f3c xe t\u01a1\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[82]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho linh h\u1ed3n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i, d\u1ea1y cho n\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. C\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n, n\u00e0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trao d\u00e2ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho Ch\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. Hai l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau, bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh cho nhau, m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u00ean kia \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n, h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u00ean nhau v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xa nhau. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, linh h\u1ed3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u1edf trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n li\u00ean l\u1ec9 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e2m cung l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u00eang li\u00eang b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/span>[83]<\/span><\/a> N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng ban ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho linh h\u1ed3n. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 cho linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y vinh quang tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t an \u1ee7i thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0o. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kho\u00e1i tr\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[84]<\/span><\/a> V\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4:<\/span>\u201cAi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d <\/span><\/em>(1Cr 6,17). Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee5 h\u00f4n m\u00e0 n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u xin \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n.<\/span>[85]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0y trong <\/span>Kh\u00fac ca<\/span><\/em> th\u1ee9 38. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch tinh tuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn n\u00f3, v\u00e0 xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ban cho n\u00f3 vinh quang Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u0129nh c\u1eedu : <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/span>V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 xin Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf cho em<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ed3n em h\u1eb1ng khao kh\u00e1t<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, h\u1ee1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a em<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u1ede \u0111\u00f3 xin Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y cho em<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho em t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Linh h\u1ed3n th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt bao la, linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1t khao l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang y\u00eau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vinh quang t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y linh h\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 hai l\u00fd do tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 cho ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i vinh quang t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n \u0111ang say s\u01b0a y\u00eau n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o vinh quang m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd ban, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn <\/span>s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng m\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ea3 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 Ng\u00e0i (n\u1ee3 t\u00ecnh), \u0111ang khi v\u1edbi tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span>[86]<\/span><\/a> Cho n\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n khao kh\u00e1t xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh:<\/span>\u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i khao kh\u00e1t con c\u1ea7u xin, con s\u1ebd xin; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng khao kh\u00e1t, con c\u0169ng<\/span> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1t khao. Th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed, \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn con th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[87]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n h\u1eb1ng khao kh\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u201cng\u00e0y \u1ea5y\u201d m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u201cng\u00e0y \u1ea5y\u201d. Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ng\u00e0y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng vinh quang. Ng\u00e0y c\u1eed h\u00e0nh h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 Chi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, b\u1edfi Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trang l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby.<\/span>[88]<\/span><\/a> Ng\u00e0y linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 b\u1ea3o l\u00e0:<\/span>\u201cm\u1eaft ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y, <\/span>tai ch\u1eb3ng <\/span>h\u1ec1 nghe, l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi\u201d<\/span><\/em> (1Cr 2, 9). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4i \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a em, \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho em ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a vinh quang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady h\u00e3y cho em \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n v\u00e0 h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a em, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n em chan ch\u1ee9a vui m\u1eebng, khi <\/span>em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt cao c\u1ee7a loan ph\u00f2ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i em th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vinh quang, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt t\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1u ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o.<\/span>[89]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngay \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Thi\u00ean <\/span>\u0111\u00e0ng, khi di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, linh h\u1ed3n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00eau ra trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp : \u0111\u00edch c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vinh quang t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t <\/span>\u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00edch c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ckhai v\u1ecb\u201d v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ngay <\/span>trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian. C\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cao s\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1eed n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Qua \u0111\u00f3, dung nhan V\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>C\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i th\u1ea7n b\u00ed h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang, hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e1t-minh c\u00f3 chung c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay ca kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca, <\/span><\/em>th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 say \u0111\u1eafm Lang Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[90]<\/span><\/a> Linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec9 y\u00ean khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bao v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, khi kh\u00e1t khao c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t khao c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Linh h\u1ed3n y\u00eau Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thanh khi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 n\u00f3i :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c H\u1ee1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u, ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng h\u00e2n hoan<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>H\u00e3y ra \u0111i m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Kh\u00fac ca 36).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u00eam \u00e1i ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd h\u1ee3p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sao nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00f3i tr\u00ean linh h\u1ed3n <\/span>\u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 <\/span>nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/em>, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Khi \u0111\u00f3 :<\/span><\/p>\n

Em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhau n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, khi ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nhau, m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y b\u00ean kia v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi th\u1eadt ra, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec em b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, em s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y em n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i em s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh em n\u01a1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng em n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a em h\u00e3y l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u00e3y l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a em. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, em s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 em c\u0169ng n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a em. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhau trong v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[91]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh y\u00eau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t, b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc ao c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n v\u0169 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[92]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. T\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u nhau nh\u01b0 hai linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Trong m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, T\u00ear\u00easa c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u nhau gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau :<\/span>\u201cn\u00ean d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a con, con v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[93]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, th\u00e1nh Gioan T\u1ea9y Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m vui ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e0ng R\u1ec3, khi Ch\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u1edbi C\u00f4 D\u00e2u:<\/span>\u201cAi c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4 d\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00fa r\u1ec3. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 nghe ch\u00e0ng, th\u00ec vui m\u1eebng h\u1edbn h\u1edf v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 3,29). Ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tin M\u1eebng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh Th\u00e0y Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1:<\/span>\u201cTh\u00e0y g\u1ecdi anh em l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 15,15). Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef khi y\u00eau, h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi nhau c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n m\u1eadt : ch\u00e0ng, n\u00e0ng; anh, em. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a anh trao hi\u1ebfn cho em; t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a em d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi nhau l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau mu\u00f4n th\u1ee7a \u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, trong h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i thi\u00eang li\u00eang, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc ao s\u1ed1ng cho x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ea5ng Phu Qu\u00e2n, B\u1ea1n Tr\u0103m N\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span>[94]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Trung th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1ee7y chung c\u1ee7a \u00c1i phi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Vua ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Trung th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00c1i phi. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Vua, ng\u00e0i \u201cc\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ea3 trung th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00e1i phi, trong cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n cho v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa Avila qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Vua c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh. <\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. Qua nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1eed n\u1ea1n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a linh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung c\u1ed5 coi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Thi\u00ean T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tu \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1t khao th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ni\u1ec7m, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh C\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u1edf ra c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, v\u00e0 coi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n Linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt.<\/span>[95]<\/span><\/a> T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00eang li\u00eang ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. B\u1edfi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xa Ch\u00faa. B\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng coi Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau th\u0103ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn : kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u00e0 tin l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/span>[96]<\/span><\/a> T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1nh <\/span>nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c suy ng\u1eafm cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xa tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u00f4m l\u1ea5y th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4 khan c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y, h\u00e3y chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[97]<\/span><\/a> V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu, ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd, m\u1ed7i khi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc hay phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, h\u00e3y ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn D\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e1c th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i ch\u1ecb em m\u1ed7i khi ch\u1ecb em t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn an \u1ee7i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[98]<\/span><\/a> Nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c suy ni\u1ec7m, chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00edn m\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. <\/span>V\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qua Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh c\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu.<\/span>[99]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sa ng\u00e3.<\/span>[100]<\/span><\/a> Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha mang theo m\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm linh h\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3, cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc thang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Ch\u00faa Cha.<\/span>[101]<\/span><\/a> Khi ph\u1ee5c sinh, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh quang, Nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u00ec Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ng\u00e0y nay, trong khi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c say m\u00ea Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh c\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi. V\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu th\u00e0nh Na-gia-r\u00e9t v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Hai Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo T\u00ear\u00easa, <\/span>Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 ban nh\u1eefng \u01a1n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i qua Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4.<\/span>[102]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

3.3. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n b\u00ed Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu. V\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e2ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng <\/span>v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa Avila cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 V\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, trong \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n Gi\u00easu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng treo tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 cho ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00fa b\u00e9 ch\u0103n c\u1eebu, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u1ebb loi, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u201cc\u00f4 b\u00e9 ch\u0103n c\u1eebu xinh \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec y\u00eau, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Ch\u00e0ng dang \u0111\u00f4i tay tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, hi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00e1i tim tan n\u00e1t v\u00ec y\u00eau.<\/span>[103]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 Th\u1ea7n Linh trong th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1. N\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n, B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh Tr\u0103m N\u0103m c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f3 ch\u01a1i\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi, b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau. <\/span>Cho n\u00ean:<\/span>\u201cch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y n\u00ean \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i v\u00ec y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[104]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3 x\u00e1c h\u1ed3n. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam k\u1ebft b\u1edfi cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n linh, Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhau. Nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u1edbn lao Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ecb h\u00f4n th\u00ea, Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u00ear\u00easa:<\/span>\u201cT\u1eeb nay con l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Cha v\u00e0 Cha l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[105]<\/span><\/a>Khi \u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i:<\/span>\u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, con c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn con hay s\u1ef1 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e2u\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[106]<\/span><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n Gi\u00easu, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vinh quang cho \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, t\u00f4n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda dung nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u00ecnh Qu\u00e2n Gi\u00easu. M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 th\u1ea7n linh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb cay \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi giao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, b\u1edfi tr\u00e1i tim \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tan n\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u00ec y\u00eau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>III. N\u00c9T \u0110\u1eb6C S\u1eaeC TRONG C\u1ea2M NGHI\u1ec6M TH\u1ea6N B\u00cd C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH T\u00caR\u00caSA AVILA V\u00c0 GIOAN TH\u00c1NH GI\u00c1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u00c2n s\u1ee7ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00e9t ri\u00eang. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. Linh h\u1ed3n mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n \u201cch\u00ed t\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ecdn s\u1eb5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i y\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. K\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XVI \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin Ki-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh. V\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.<\/span>[107]<\/span><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n ta l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u do l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu Ch\u00faa ban. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4, b\u1edfi:<\/span>\u201cT\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n sung m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft \u01a1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u01a1n kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/span><\/em>(Ga 1,16).<\/span><\/em>C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 C\u00e1t-minh c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.1. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng ban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n t\u00e2m linh. Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf<\/span>\u201cgi\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea9n\u201d<\/span><\/em>, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong<\/span>\u201cn\u01a1i h\u1ea7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u00ean trong\u201d<\/span><\/em>. Khi \u0111\u00f3 :<\/span>\u201cCh\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho linh h\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh Ng\u00e0i trong vinh quang tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[108]<\/span><\/a><\/em>V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n trong Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh C\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh.<\/span>[109]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho linh h\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 trung gian n\u00e0o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i quan \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5u, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 <\/span>\u201cm\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[110]<\/span><\/a> N\u01a1i \u1ea5y ma qu\u1ef7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n vui h\u01b0\u1edfng nhau trong thinh l\u1eb7ng th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u. <\/span><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, n\u00e9t t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ngang h\u00e0ng. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u201c<\/span>Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 T\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d<\/span><\/em>(1Ga 4,8.16) n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i y\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau th\u1ee9 g\u00ec k\u00e9m h\u01a1n y\u00eau ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, y\u00eau m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t linh h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[111]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y : th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 con m\u1eaft gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n si\u00eau gi\u00e1c quan, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n.<\/span>[112]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai, Ch\u00faa Cha th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n cho linh h\u1ed3n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n cho Ch\u00faa Con, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng theo b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa Con c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh th\u00ec linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[113]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 <\/span>\u01b0\u1edbc mong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu trong l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf:<\/span>\u201cCon \u1edf trong h\u1ecd v\u00e0 Cha \u1edf trong con, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ebf gian s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Cha \u0111\u00e3 sai con v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng con.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ga 17, 22-23). <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ba Ng\u00f4i. D\u00f9 s\u1ef1 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau, th\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u01a1n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3.<\/span>[114]<\/span><\/a> C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u00f4 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/span>\u201cnh\u1edd vinh quang v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng ban t\u1eb7ng cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed b\u00e1u v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, anh em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d <\/span><\/em>(2 Pr 1, 2-4).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u01a0n ban th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: nh\u1edd <\/span>\u201ch\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u1ea7n linh\u201d<\/span><\/em> Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng linh h\u1ed3n l\u00ean c\u00e1ch cao v\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Con b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hoan l\u1ea1c cao v\u1eddi, tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft t\u00ed g\u00ec. B\u1edfi khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf ra trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u00ednh h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u1ea7n linh m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1edf ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, cho linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[115]<\/span><\/a> C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng linh h\u1ed3n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. Theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u00eang li\u00eang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[116]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 trao ban Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa :<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00ed \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hoan l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong Ng\u00e0i. \u1ede trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4: \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4i (Gl 2, 20)\u201d.<\/span>[117]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>1.2. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1eeba xa c\u00e1ch. Ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb H\u00f4n Phu nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9. N\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean cao, c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh, h\u00e0n huy\u00ean t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca, <\/span><\/em>ngay kh\u00fac ca \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh: <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea9n n\u01a1i nao, h\u1ee1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u.<\/span><\/em> N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, linh h\u1ed3n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf n\u1ed7i kh\u00e1t khao Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u00ecm. Theo Tin m\u1eebng Gioan, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, h\u1eb1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i cung l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Cha (x. Ga 1,18), t\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1eaft ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[118]<\/span><\/a> Ti\u00ean tri Isaia c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi th\u01b0a v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa:<\/span>\u201cL\u1ea1y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u00cdt-ra-en, l\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Is 45,15). Cho n\u00ean, <\/span>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea9n m\u1eb7t. H\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 d\u00f9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tia s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p S\u1ef1 Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ed1i Cao \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi n\u00f3. B\u1edfi n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ba c\u00e1ch.<\/span>[119]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n theo y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 trong mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i ban cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3. Thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n c\u00e1ch th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. C\u00f3 khi linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng. Ai ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa \u01b0u \u00e1i. N\u01a1i nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ban cho c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m linh khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00edch th\u00fa, hoan l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 vui th\u1ecfa. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng do th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn <\/span>Kh\u00fac ca 11,<\/span><\/em> linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u xin:<\/span>\u201cH\u00e3y t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\u201d. <\/span><\/em>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a M\u00f4s\u00ea tr\u00ean n\u00fai Xinai s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhan Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, M\u00f4s\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 cao v\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u00f2n \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Khao kh\u00e1t chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, M\u00f4s\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 <\/span>\u201cXin Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Xh 33,18). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng xin cho \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a vinh quang Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00f4ng:<\/span>\u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem th\u1ea5y t\u00f4n nhan Ta, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ta m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Xh 33,20).<\/span><\/em>C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng: h\u1ee1i M\u00f4s\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 xin Ta m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ta qu\u00e1 cao v\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ta qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/span>[120]<\/span><\/a> Cho n\u00ean, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u00e2u y\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1ed1m v\u00ec y\u00eau. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp theo linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean:<\/span>\u201c\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft em \u0111i\u201d. <\/span><\/em>V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111i. <\/span>Y\u00eau Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u00ed d\u1ecfm th\u01b0a v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i:<\/span>\u201cL\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, con tin r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh khu\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh khu\u1ea5t m\u1eaft con, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa y\u00eau con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e2u. Xin Ch\u00faa h\u00e3y x\u00e9t coi, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u1ebb y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[121]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u1eady n\u00ean, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch; d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha Hi\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00ecnh, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 xa c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0n tr\u00f9ng, v\u1eabn m\u00e3i \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm Ch\u00faa, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm li\u00ean l\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm, k\u1ebbo mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Eckhart c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>:<\/span>\u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng qua \u2018nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm <\/span><\/em>th\u1ea5y<\/span> \u2018nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea9n n\u00fap trong n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Con l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 <\/span>s\u1ed1ng\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/em>[122]<\/span><\/a>V\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, V\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u nay t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.3. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 do – con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ef1 do, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9 l\u1ec7, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau <\/span>ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o <\/span>\u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[123]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1<\/span>[124]<\/span><\/a>m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ecbu \u0110\u00e2m Th\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 sao. Th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila th\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh :<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u1ea5u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 trao ph\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1n.<\/span>[125]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u : l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o khi nh\u1eadn ra t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Th\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ta khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng Ch\u1ee7, d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[126]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Maria trong ng\u00e0y Truy\u1ec1n tin, khi M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa :<\/span>\u201cV\u00e2ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, xin Ch\u00faa c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[127]<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/span>Trong d\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4,<\/span>[128]<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i:<\/span>\u201cT\u00f4i, Phaol\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 Gi\u00easu.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Ep 3,1). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd : b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/em>(Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa)<\/span> c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1n<\/span><\/em> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa? <\/span><\/p>\n

Khi vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh Ch\u00faa <\/span>Gi\u00easu b\u1ecb Giu\u0111a b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 30 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c.<\/span>[129]<\/span><\/a> C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y xa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu trong m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y (<\/span>kenosis<\/span><\/em>) m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Ki-t\u00f4 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00fat b\u1ecf vinh quang m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1. (Pl 2,6-8).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, c\u00f2n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ta. L\u00e0m sao ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do th\u00e2m s\u00e2u n\u00e0y! L\u1eb7ng theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Trong<\/span>\u201cNh\u1eefng ca kh\u00fac gi\u1eefa linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u\u201d<\/span><\/em> th\u1ee9 31, ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c \u1ea5y<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Bay tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 em<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 em<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u00f9 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>V\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t li\u1ebfc m\u1eaft em.<\/span>[130]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>B\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u1ea7m bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con chim ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bay cao, bay xa. C\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec:<\/span>\u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Cl 3,14). S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n thanh luy\u1ec7n gian kh\u1ed5, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh khi\u1ebft tinh tuy\u1ec1n. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau m\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t <\/span>\u1ea5y n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u201cng\u1eafm\u201d n\u00f3. S\u1ee3i t\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho linh h\u1ed3n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 v\u00ec s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1ea5y. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh linh h\u1ed3n h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn v\u00e0 say \u0111\u1eafm n\u00e0y ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u1ee5y ph\u1ee5c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u00f4n n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00faa \u00e2n c\u1ea7n th\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span>[131]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ecnh y\u00eau trung th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed5i. Khi minh gi\u1ea3i kh\u00fac ca n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 reo l\u00ean:<\/span>\u201c\u00d4i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui bi\u1ebft bao khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c!\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[132]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1edb trung th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 : \u201c<\/span>ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span><\/em>\u201d (Lc 12, 36)<\/span>.<\/span><\/em> \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m n\u00ean mu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n <\/span>t\u1ea3 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Th\u00e0y Gi\u00easu c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span>[133]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>K<\/span>hi chi\u00eam ng\u1eafm \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec\u201d tr\u00ean th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/span>\u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u201d<\/span><\/em>.<\/span>[134]<\/span><\/a><\/em>T\u1ef1 do trao hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa g\u1eb7p t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e3y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7,<\/span><\/em>n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/span>. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

2. Ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1eb1ng thanh luy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh <\/span>L\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh C\u00e1t-minh<\/span><\/em>, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n <\/span>\u0110\u00eam T\u1ed1i<\/span><\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m <\/span>\u0110\u00eam T\u1ed1i,<\/span><\/em>[135]<\/span><\/a> c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh gi\u1ea3i hai cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan thanh luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh tuy\u1ec1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Theo th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m chung x\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00eam t\u00e2m linh ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn cho r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[136]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

2.1. \u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y gi\u00e1c quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u1ef1a theo b\u1ea3y m\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u t\u00e2m linh, khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ea9y. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>M\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o t\u00e2m linh. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7m k\u00edn<\/span>[137]<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1eadt h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh.<\/span>[138]<\/span><\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ham m\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Th\u1ef1c ra, l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/span> Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 t\u1eadt m\u00ea t\u00e0 d\u00e2m t\u00e2m linh.<\/span>[139]<\/span><\/a> Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u khi x\u1ea9y ra v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1. N\u00f3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m, ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u00f4 u\u1ebf. V\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng d\u00f2n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fat bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thanh luy\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadt n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn.<\/span>[140]<\/span><\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1u gi\u1eadn v\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1u gi\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. N\u00f3ng n\u1ea9y mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean th\u00e1nh trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. T\u1eadt m\u00ea \u0103n t\u00e2m linh<\/span>[141]<\/span><\/a> l\u00e0 n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Do b\u1ecb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ee9 m\u1ea3i m\u00ea t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh tuy\u1ec1n trong k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng m\u00ea th\u00edch n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cam go c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i x\u00f3t xa c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh. Ghen t\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng t\u00e2m linh<\/span>[142]<\/span><\/a> l\u00e0 n\u1ebft x\u1ea5u th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0y thanh luy\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghen t\u1ecb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd bu\u1ed3n khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o.<\/span>[143]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 <\/span>C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, t\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng t\u00e2m linh khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e2m linh v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00edch th\u00fa kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c. C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an \u1ee7i t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m linh c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gian kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0y thanh t\u1ea9y. C\u00f3 ba d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh luy\u1ec7n linh h\u1ed3n trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i n\u00e0o t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o. V\u00ec khi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c m\u00ea th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb vui s\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan v\u00f4 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[144]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1ee9 hai, linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu trong kh\u00f4 khan m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eadt ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1c quan sang t\u00e2m linh. <\/span>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 ba, d\u00f9 linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng suy ni\u1ec7m hay suy lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng theo ng\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c quan m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u00e2m linh. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb suy ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m. Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u00e3y ki\u00ean tr\u00ec nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eebng d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[145]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 khan t\u0103m t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho linh h\u1ed3n bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee3i \u00edch. \u01a0n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span>[146]<\/span><\/a> C\u0169ng nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, linh h\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft x\u1eed s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4 khan v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u t\u00e2m linh nh\u01b0 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh tuy\u1ec1n, trong tr\u1eafng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng trong \u0111\u00eam thanh luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00f4ng ban cho linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau r\u1ea5t tinh tuy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u00e2m linh, l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ec9, th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt.<\/span>[147]<\/span><\/a> S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4 khan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ea th\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n reo l\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c\u00d4i ! v\u1eadn may di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac\u201d<\/span><\/em> v\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span>\u201cM\u00e1i nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1eadt y\u00ean h\u00e0n\u201d.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span>[148]<\/span><\/a> Th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i thanh t\u1ea9y trong \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1c quan k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thanh t\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 thanh luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea9y ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. \u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn xa tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam gi\u00e1c quan. \u0110\u00eam t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1.<\/span>[149]<\/span><\/a> B\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e9t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, qua c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y gi\u00e1c quan ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u01a1n chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c thanh t\u1ea9y t\u00e2m linh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1c quan v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 m\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00eam thanh luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh.<\/span>[150]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00eam t\u00e2m linh, c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7m k\u00edn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a linh h\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01a1n chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n ph\u00fa, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i linh h\u1ed3n : v\u1eeba thanh t\u1ea9y v\u1eeba soi s\u00e1ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng thanh t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh h\u1ed3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u0103m ? Theo th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, \u01a1n th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cao v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u01a1n Kh\u00f4n Ngoan th\u1ea7n linh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con<\/span> ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a con <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n.<\/span>[151]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u01a0n chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o linh h\u1ed3n c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u1ea7m k\u00edn, ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1c quan th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m linh n\u00e0o, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m linh g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u\u201d<\/span>[152]<\/span><\/a>. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0a ta ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ea9y n\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, l\u00e0m ch\u00fang tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7n gian. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng nghi\u00eang chi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n, khi\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ebft \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i, tr\u00fat b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ea7n gian, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1eadn cho n\u00f3 y ph\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. V\u00ec nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u00ed; l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; c\u1ea3 k\u00ed \u1ee9c, nghi\u00eang chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u00ea th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u00fd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3.<\/span>[153]<\/span><\/a> T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y linh h\u1ed3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0y? Theo th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, tin c\u1eady tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, bi\u1ebft ngoan ng\u00f9y \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa ban v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ban, \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thanh luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>C\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. L\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh, v\u00e1c th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 theo Th\u00e0y Gi\u00easu cho th\u1ea5y ai mu\u1ed1n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap linh h\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ea7y hoan l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng tinh tuy\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng th\u00e2m th\u00fay v\u00e0 tinh r\u00f2ng h\u01a1n.<\/span>[154]<\/span><\/a> Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u201ct\u1eed n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh\u201d trong bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u201ccu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d gi\u1eefa anh em G\u1ed1c v\u00e0 anh em V\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n<\/span>[155]<\/span><\/a> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 in d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, b\u1ecb giam trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i ba m\u00e9t, r\u1ed9ng hai m\u00e9t, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1ch li, c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng giam kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span>[156]<\/span><\/a> Ch\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch, chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a con tim, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kinh qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh trong tay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1edf t\u00f9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Qua \u0111au kh\u1ed5, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 n\u00eau b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 trong ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin.<\/span>[157]<\/span><\/a> Linh h\u1ed3n n\u00e0o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, b\u1ecb anh em coi nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa qua b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Trong <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, th\u00e1nh n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o : <\/span><\/p>\n

Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kinh Tin K\u00ednh b\u00ean tai t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed1t n\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i s\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u00ed m\u1eaft t\u00f4i. Trong tu vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t ch\u00f4n x\u00e1c t\u00f4i, \u1edf c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n nam c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u cho k\u1ebb qua \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa cho t\u00f4i h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eeb c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.<\/span>[158]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>B\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi T\u00ear\u00easa th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh,<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i; b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au x\u00e9 n\u00e1t da th\u1ecbt, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. \u00dd ch\u00ed b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong c\u01a1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh, tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho \u00fd mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/span>[159]<\/span><\/a> C\u01a1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u201cthanh t\u1ea9y\u201d th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1c quan nh\u1eady c\u1ea3m, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u00eam si\u00eau gi\u00e1c quan trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u1eef tu T\u00ear\u00easa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n.<\/span>[160]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thanh luy\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 con tim, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c ph\u1ee5c sinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh cho ai ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 theo linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e1t-minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edn m\u00fac t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 \u00calia :<\/span>\u201cL\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o binh nung n\u1ea5u con\u201d<\/span><\/em>(1V 19,10). N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb trong chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, v\u00ec chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span>[161]<\/span><\/a> C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[162]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

3.1. N\u01a1i th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thi h\u00e0nh, v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh C\u1ea3 C\u00e1t-minh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong chi\u00eam ni\u1ec7m, th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n. B\u1edfi ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c thi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, bi\u1ebft bao gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa k\u1ec3 trong <\/span>K\u00ed s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0110an vi\u1ec7n <\/span><\/em>kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chinh ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean, T\u00ear\u00easa kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n C\u00e1t-minh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c con. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn cao tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9. Trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Francisco de Salcedo v\u00e0 b\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 Guiomar de Ulloa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, T\u00ear\u00easa \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Khi nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e1nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tu th\u1ea5t, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec l\u1ea1c thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ly gi\u00e1o \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n n\u01a1i T\u00f2a \u0110i\u1ec1u Tra, nh\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u1ea5y H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p tinh tuy\u1ec1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/span>[163]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a ban cho th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1edbn lao. C\u00e0ng th\u00eam kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. N\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm b\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i thanh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a con tim, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng k\u00edn, l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>L\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 T\u00ear\u00easa trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh, cha Gioan nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c tu s\u1ef9 nam n\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u00eam \u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/span>[164]<\/span><\/a> Trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p, ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, cha Gioan \u00e2n c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ee7i an h\u1ecd, n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng khi r\u1eddi ng\u00e0i h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4.<\/span>[165]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 trao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n th\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1t khao s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

3.3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft gi\u1eefa T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u01a1i hai v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do ban \u01a1n v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila d\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu, c\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n huy\u00ean tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung gian d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[166]<\/span><\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u1eef t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu l\u00e0 B\u1ea1n T\u00ecnh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ed3ng, B\u1ea1n Tr\u0103m N\u0103m, \u0110\u1ee9c Lang Qu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ee9c Vua c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng em. C\u00f2n th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. Linh h\u1ed3n m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh N\u01b0\u01a1ng trong s\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5m Ca \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e3i b\u00e0y n\u1ed7i kh\u00e1t mong nh\u1edb nhung, mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n khi g\u1eb7p Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Y\u00eau D\u1ea5u. V\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, Con Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span>[167]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, tuy c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0m m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila ghi l\u1ea1i qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, ng\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, th\u00ec ta l\u1ea1i \u00edt t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u1ea5y n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. <\/span>Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta bao l\u00e2u c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft Ng\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c. <\/span>V\u1edbi th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a thanh luy\u1ec7n. <\/span>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 d\u00f2ng C\u00e1t-minh.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa Avila v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 trao l\u1ea1i cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n ban, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng ban ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh cho linh h\u1ed3n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m ti\u1ebfn xa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed9c th\u00f4ng ban n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra trong cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1. Khi \u0111\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ngang h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c thanh luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i t\u00e2m linh. Qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa thanh luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh tuy\u1ec1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. D\u00f9 \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian s\u1ed1 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u00edt \u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng mai sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>C\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng : s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft mang \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i gi\u0169a r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p; l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ed1p m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e9t l\u1eb9t c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac g\u1ed7, \u1ee9a r\u1ecbn nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111en \u0111\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u1eeda; l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u1ee9a \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u00e0n g\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ecb tr\u00fang v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh, khao kh\u00e1t t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ea1m nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Trong th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf d\u1ea1 m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 khai hoa n\u1edf nh\u1ee5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n linh.<\/span>[168]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Nh\u1eefng cung b\u1eadc vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n trong c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 C\u00e1t-minh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 song c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, tu \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p cao qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft bu\u00f4ng m\u00ecnh theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u201ckh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp\u201d c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0PHERO TA VAN TUAN (con tiep phan 3)<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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[1]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>Ren\u00e9 <\/span>F\u00fcl\u00f6p<\/span>-Miller, <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/span><\/a>Ren\u00e9 F\u00fcl\u00f6p-Miller, <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 14.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 16.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/span><\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng 2012, tr. 365.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 365.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/span><\/a> T\u00f2a \u0110i\u1ec1u Tra D\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Ghegorio IX l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1232 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 giao cho c\u00e1c cha d\u00f2ng \u0110aminh l\u00e0m th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n n\u0103m 1233. T\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec1u tra T\u00e2y Ban Nha th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1478, do ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Ferdinando<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Sixt\u00f4 IV nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. T\u00f2a b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kinh kh\u1ee7ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/span><\/a> Cv 9, 1-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/span><\/a>Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y x\u1ea9y ra n\u0103m 1558 hay 1560. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/span><\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, tr. 262. V\u00e0 trong Ren\u00e9 F\u00fcl\u00f6p-Miller, <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 74 : Th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/span><\/a> Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 T\u00ear\u00easa c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, b\u00e0 <\/span>Beatriz d\u2019Avila Y Ahumada l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai. <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa l\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 3 trong s\u1ed1 9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila , <\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, <\/span><\/em>d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u201cObras de Santa Teresa de Jesus\u201d, Nxb. Editorial de \u201cEl Monte Camelo\u201d, Burgos, 1945, tr. 231.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/span><\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng 2012, tr. 358.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Avila , <\/span>K\u00ed s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. Washington, D.C 1985, tr. 7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/span><\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng 2012, tr. 355.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 357.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/span><\/a>N\u1eef tri\u1ebft gia g\u1ed1c Doth\u00e1i<\/span> Edith Stein<\/span>, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef tu C\u00e1t-m<\/span>inh<\/span>,<\/span> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh T\u00ear\u00easa C\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 61.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 70.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 110. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>L\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh C\u00e1t-men, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, tr. 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/span><\/a>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng 2012, tr. 372.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., <\/span>tr. 364.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/span><\/a> Cf. D\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 409.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 425.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]<\/span><\/a>G\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 T\u00ear\u00easa Avila <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>theo<\/span>Jordan Aumann, OP. <\/span>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Linh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng 2012, tr. 364.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[26]<\/span><\/a>Th\u01b0 T\u00ear\u00easa C\u1ea3 g\u1eedi cho Don Phanxic\u00f4 de Salcedo n\u0103m 1568.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[27]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 41.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[28]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 49.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[29]<\/span><\/a> L\u00e1 th\u01b0 261.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[30]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 48.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 48-49.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/span><\/a>D\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span>. <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 417 – 418.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 17, s\u1ed1 5, tr. 141.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/span><\/a> M\u1eb9 T\u00ea-r\u00ea-sa, <\/span>H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ta,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc 2008, tr.7.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 253.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 25, s\u1ed1 19, tr. 231.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 123-124.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 179.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 398.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/span><\/a>John of the Cross, <\/span>The Living Flame Of Love, <\/span><\/em>b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a V\u0129nh An.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 273.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 274.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 6, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, tr.122.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Hs 2,16: \u201cTa s\u1ebd quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 n\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 385.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 6, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, tr. 111.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, tr. 42.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/span><\/a> Nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm an t\u0129nh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u00fd ch\u00ed ng\u1ea5t ng\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed3n x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/span><\/a> Nguy\u1ec7n g\u1eabm k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi quan n\u0103ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (c\u1ea3 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u1ea5t say.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/span><\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>Cv 9,1-19.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 235.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[53]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>St 28, 10-22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[54]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 235.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[55]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 235.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[56]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 237.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[57]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 238<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[58]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 239.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[59]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[60]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 239 \u2013 240.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[61]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 240.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[62]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Augustin\u00f4, <\/span>B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng 70.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[63]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 241.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[64]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 241.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[65]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 242.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[66]<\/span><\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 243.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[67]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[68]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 244.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[69]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[70]<\/span><\/a> Cf. 1Cr 13,7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[71]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Xh 32, 32.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[72]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Et 5,2;8,4.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[73]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 246.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[74]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 247.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[75]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 248.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[76]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 247.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[77]<\/span><\/a> Cf.<\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 248.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[78]<\/span><\/a> Cf.<\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[79]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 160.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[80]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 6, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, tr.137, 143.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[81]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 161.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[82]<\/span><\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 291.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[83]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 7, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, tr. 210-211.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[84]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 211.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[85]<\/span><\/a> Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 222 ; <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Cf. Dc 1,1<\/span>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[86]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 382-383.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[87]<\/span><\/a>John of the Cross, <\/span>The Living Flame Of Love, <\/span><\/em>ch<\/span>\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng 1, s\u1ed1 36.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[88]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Kh 19,8.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[89]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 386.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[90]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 54.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[91]<\/span><\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 363.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[92]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 230.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[93]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 371.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[94]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, <\/span><\/em>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/em>13, s\u1ed1 3, tr. 72.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[95]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 189.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[96]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 190.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[97]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 230.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[98]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, <\/span><\/em>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 26, s\u1ed1 5, tr. 136.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[99]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 209.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[100]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh tr. 74.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[101]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Ga 1, 51.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[102]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 22, s\u1ed1 6, tr. 193.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[103]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, b\u00e0i th<\/span>\u01a1<\/span> Ch\u00fa b\u00e9 ch\u0103n c\u1eebu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[104]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 136.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[105]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 39, s\u1ed1 21, tr. 405.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[106]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[107]<\/span><\/a>\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 XVI, <\/span>\u0110\u1ee9c Ki-t\u00f4 h\u00f4m qua h\u00f4m nay, <\/span><\/em>Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 284.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[108]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 277.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[109]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1,2, tr. 206, 209.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[110]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 357.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[111]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 335-336.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[112]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, C\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, 2, tr. 206.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[113]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 391.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[114]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 392.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[115]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 389.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[116]<\/span><\/a>John of the Cross, <\/span>The Living Flame Of Love<\/span><\/em>, ch<\/span>\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng 1, s\u1ed1 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[117]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., ch<\/span>\u01b0<\/span>\u01a1ng 2, s\u1ed1 34.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[118]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 55.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[119]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 128.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[120]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 131.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[121]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 374.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[122]<\/span><\/a>Edmund Colledge, v\u00e0 Bernard <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>McGinn, d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Meister Eckhart<\/em><\/span>\u00a0, <\/span><\/em>New York,1981, tr. 183 – 184.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[123]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 333.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[124]<\/span><\/a> Cf. 1Cr 1, 22-25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[125]<\/span><\/a> T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 7, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, tr. 228.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[126]<\/span><\/a>Cf. 1Ga 3,1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[127]<\/span><\/a>Lc 1, 38.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[128]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Pl 1,1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[129]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>Mt 26, 1-5.14 -16; Mc 14, 1-2.10 -11; Ga 11, 45 – 53.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[130]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 48.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[131]<\/span><\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>ghi ch\u00fa m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span> kh\u00fac ca 27<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[132]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 329.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[133]<\/span><\/a> Cf. Ga 13, 1-11.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[134]<\/span><\/a>Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 48. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[135]<\/span><\/a> \u201cDark night\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00eam d\u00e0y\u2019 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef. Trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[136]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 85.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[137]<\/span><\/a>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 55.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[138]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 62.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[139]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.,<\/span><\/em>tr. 66.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[140]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 73.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[141]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. tr. 75.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[142]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009,<\/span><\/em>tr. 81.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[143]<\/span><\/a> Cf. 1Cr 13,6.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[144]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 89.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[145]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em>tr. 98-99.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[146]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 107.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[147]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 121.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[148]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 125.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[149]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, tr. 26.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[150]<\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., tr. 133.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[151]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam d\u00e0y,<\/span><\/em> Nxb. C\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh 2009, tr. 143.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[152]<\/span><\/a>Ibid.,<\/span><\/em> tr. 396.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[153]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid<\/span><\/em>.,<\/span>tr. 205-206.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[154]<\/span><\/a> Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 367.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[155]<\/span><\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00f3m C\u00e1t-minh: Nh\u00f3m \u0111i gi\u1ea7y v\u00e0 Nh\u00f3m ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, thay v\u00ec g\u1ecdi C\u00e1t-minh \u0110i Gi\u1ea7y, s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1t-minh G\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 C\u00e1t-minh Ch\u00e2n Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1t-minh V\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[156]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Mary Teresa of Crucified Heart, OCD, <\/span>Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. C\u00e1t Minh, tr. 67.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[157]<\/span><\/a>Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u00ecnh n\u1ed3ng, <\/span><\/em>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, s\u1ed1 28.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[158]<\/span><\/a>Cf. T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, tr. 36-37.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[159]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Ren\u00e9 F\u00fal\u00f3p-Miller, <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 55.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[160]<\/span><\/a>Ren\u00e9 F\u00fal\u00f3p-Miller, <\/span>T\u00ear\u00easa V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2009, tr. 58.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[161]<\/span><\/a>Cf. Anne \u2013 Elisabeth Steinmann, <\/span>\u0110\u00eam t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, <\/span><\/em>tr. 232<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[162]<\/span><\/a>T\u00ear\u00easa Avila, <\/span>Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed T\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. Sheed and Ward \u2013 London, c\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, tr. 145.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[163]<\/span><\/a>Cf.<\/span>Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 2<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2002, tr. 279.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[164]<\/span><\/a>Cf. D\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 437.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[165]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 438.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[166]<\/span><\/a> Phan T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, <\/span>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eadp 4<\/span><\/em>, R\u00f4-ma 2004, tr. 211.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[167]<\/span><\/a>Cf. <\/span>Ibid., <\/span><\/em>tr. 212.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[168]<\/span><\/a>Cf. D\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gioan Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. <\/span>Kh\u00fac linh ca<\/span><\/em>, Nxb. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o 2003, tr. 445.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef k\u00edn v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do: t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6685,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tam-linh","category-thien-phong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6633"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6686,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6633\/revisions\/6686"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}