{"id":7082,"date":"2015-11-04T18:07:02","date_gmt":"2015-11-04T11:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/?p=7082"},"modified":"2015-11-04T18:07:02","modified_gmt":"2015-11-04T11:07:02","slug":"nguyen-tac-song-hieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/nguyen-tac-song-hieu\/","title":{"rendered":"NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U"},"content":{"rendered":"

NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U <\/strong><\/p>\n

HAY C\u00d2N G\u1eccI L\u00c0 NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC HI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2 SONG \u0110\u00d4I.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I. NH\u1eeeNG TI\u00caU CH\u00cd C\u1ee6A NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, khi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111ang khi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kia l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta mong mu\u1ed1n hay c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng hay \u1ea5y, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra, tr\u1eeb phi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap minh h\u1ecda cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"nguyentacsonghieu\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft: l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 sau: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (X), t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u; n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t; h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (A) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (X) g\u00e2y ra;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (X), v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc (A) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (B) l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn tranh, khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5, n\u00e9m bom m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i bom n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho bi\u1ebft bao d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng trong h\u1ecd (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e9m bom nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e9m bom (X), t\u1ef1 n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \n
            1. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ph\u00eda sau h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e9m bom ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (A); h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u (B) (l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mong \u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              1. C\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eabn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u do vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom; s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e9m bom \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng; th\u00eam n\u1eefa, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c oanh k\u00edch, d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

                  S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e9m bom, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u01b0 quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trong v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a GHCG ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp; v\u00e0 trong khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                  II. NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U TI\u1ebeP THEO<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201csong hi\u1ec7u\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra 2 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu q\u1ee7a kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn x\u1ea5u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang c\u00f3 thai.<\/p>\n

                  L\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n minh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, h\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                  Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu q\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. H\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh. <\/strong>H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u. (Ti\u00eam morphine cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u01a1n \u0111au h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u).<\/li>\n
                  2. Ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/strong>. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/strong> H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m trong ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. (B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong, t\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam morphine).<\/li>\n
                  3. C\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <\/strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. (C\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoa d\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t; \u0111\u00fang ra, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam morphine xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n \u0111au v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111i).<\/li>\n
                  4. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eb1m cho ph\u00e9p h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra tuy \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                  5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n<\/strong>.[1]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \n

                    Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c t\u1eed vong v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0, theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i (gi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh hay gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp <\/em>trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y ra.<\/em> N\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y \u00fd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp; \u0111\u00fang ra, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft (tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp), c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nhau, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/em> b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc) <\/em>l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

                    Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa b\u1ecb \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, “h\u00e0nh vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c men \u0111em l\u1ea1i hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, hai l\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.”[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

                    Ta h\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5[4]<\/a> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng morphine nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111au h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng morphine l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n mau ch\u00f3ng l\u1eddn thu\u1ed1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u01a1n \u0111au , nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng morphine n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng “gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft” m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p gia t\u0103ng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng morphine qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u01a1n \u0111au, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd khi gia t\u0103ng li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng morphine qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

                    V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi an t\u1eed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c t\u1eed vong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111o c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u1eady ta coi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng morphine \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111au kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 xoa d\u1ecbu, c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p morphine, ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu morphine g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1edf t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

                    N\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, theo c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, khi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y; v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd:[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. H\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh. <\/strong>H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u. (Ti\u00eam morphine cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u01a1n \u0111au h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u).<\/li>\n
                    2. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111em l\u1ea1i hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t (xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n \u0111au) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5u (r\u00fat ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n
                    3. Ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/strong>. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m trong ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. (B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nguy c\u01a1 t\u1eed vong, t\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam morphine).<\/li>\n
                    4. C\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. <\/strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. (C\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoa d\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t; \u0111\u00fang ra, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam morphine xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1n \u0111au v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111i).<\/li>\n
                    5. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u.<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eb1m cho ph\u00e9p h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra tuy \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                    6. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n<\/strong>.[8]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa, b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u01a1n \u0111au cho h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u01a1n \u0111au c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eed vong. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m (hay \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh) xoa d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n \u0111au, t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, chi\u1ebfu theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                      Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vatican c\u00f3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Pi\u00f4 XII, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u00e1c s\u0129 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea… c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd d\u00e0nh cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng (ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nhanh h\u01a1n)?<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Pi\u00f4 XII<\/strong> tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

                      N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu, trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra t\u1eed vong, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111au c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong y khoa cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. [9]<\/a><\/p>\n

                      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3n H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Cho C\u00e1c C\u01a1 S\u1edf Y T\u1ebf C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o:<\/p>\n

                      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 an t\u1eed khi c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c an th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, khi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hay r\u00fat ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

                      T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0: lu\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh (intention) <\/em>hay th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 (attitude) <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eafm khi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp” v\u00e0 “gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp” \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Theo hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp” v\u00e0 “gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay, \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay t\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1eef phi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd (non-moral evil, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u00e0 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o. “S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng,” t\u1ee9c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 (nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u00ec, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o) cho ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

                      III. PH\u00c2N BI\u1ec6T GI\u1eeeA PH\u00c1 THAI TR\u1ef0C TI\u1ebeP V\u00c0 GI\u00c1N TI\u1ebeP, B\u1eb0NG C\u00c1CH \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd duy\u1ec7t xem nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1 thai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1 thai gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1 thai, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u1eeba ch\u1ed7 cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p” ho\u1eb7c “\u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu”. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai x\u1ea3y ra do vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ung th\u01b0 t\u1eed cung n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang mang thai, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t “b\u00e0o thai” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 thai ngo\u00e0i t\u1eed cung. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t coi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ra sao.<\/p>\n

                      N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang mang thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 th\u00e1ng, r\u1ed3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra b\u00e0 ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 t\u1eed cung, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cung \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh), v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thai nhi. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft t\u1eed cung l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u00dd h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang mang thai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0 ta, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 lan truy\u1ec1n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung \u0111ang mang c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh l\u1eabn b\u00e0o thai;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \n
                          1. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai (h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n (hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t); \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \n
                            1. L\u00fd do c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a thai nhi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, b\u00e0o thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp; v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 thai gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng: gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 mang thai kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 thai nhi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1eafp s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi; v\u00e0 b\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u1eed cung cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi thai nhi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, song b\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c, v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi “c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh” b\u00e0o thai \u1edf sai ch\u1ed7, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 thai ngo\u00e0i t\u1eed cung, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u00e0o thai th\u1ee5 thai ngo\u00e0i t\u1eed cung, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a “b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd” v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m y khoa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i. M\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ec3 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                              Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p g\u00ec c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ec3. Khi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i hay b\u00e0o thai. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ec3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec3, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. C\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau khi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ec3, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt y khoa (v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft ph\u1ea7n \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee9a m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00e2u hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 song \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n: m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u (vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (l\u00fd do c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng); h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u (c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thai nhi) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

                              Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p – x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd – \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang thai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u00ec b\u00e0 ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 hai \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t. (Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng la-de cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u00e0o thai t\u1eeb trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0o thai th\u1ee5 thai ngo\u00e0i t\u1eed cung \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n). C\u1ee9 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n y khoa v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o s\u1eb9o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn tr\u1ee9ng (l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 thai ngo\u00e0i t\u1eed cung), th\u00ec k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

                              IV. \u00dd \u0110\u1ecaNH: Y\u1ebeU T\u1ed0 KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ec2 THI\u1ebeU C\u1ee6A H\u00c0NH VI LU\u00c2N L\u00dd <\/strong><\/p>\n

                              Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 an t\u1eed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 sau: cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 t\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.*<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00e1c \u1edf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt hay t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng khi an t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> n\u1eefa. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y khoa \u0111em l\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f4i khi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>.[12]<\/a> \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              Tuy nhi\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c (commission) v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c (omission). Robert Veatch \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1eefa gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft.[14]<\/a> \u00d4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft. Theo \u00f4ng: (1) Gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft C\u00f4 Joan h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4 ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb; (2) Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c; (3) C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. C\u00f4 Joan ch\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u0169i thu\u1ed1c t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Smith kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt; (4) H\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              Veatch cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do ri\u00eang l\u1ebb n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng: gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Veatch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o.[16]<\/a> V\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh (intention) l\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 an t\u1eed.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.[18]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ebft, trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n V\u1ec1 An T\u1eed <\/em>c\u1ee7a Vatican c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i an t\u1eed:<\/p>\n

                              H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i n\u00f3 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u cao tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt do l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho sinh s\u00f4i. (Ph\u1ea7n I)<\/p>\n

                              Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf an t\u1eed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n: “An t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi hay s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c (omission) m\u00e0, do n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c do \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/em>.”[19]<\/a> “Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0 “\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh” l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p” n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn “h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c” (an action or an omission) g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p an t\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eam hay cho u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0 khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee3-sinh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy s\u1ee5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u1eb1m \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xoa d\u1ecbu v\u1edbi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi B\u00e9 Doe.[21]<\/a> B\u00e9 m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down (do r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1ed7 d\u00f2 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n (oesphageal fistula). L\u1ed7 d\u00f2 n\u00e0y, l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e9 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00e9 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p an t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c (euthanasia by omission). Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ee7a y khoa v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0ng m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u00ecm trong h\u00f4n m\u00ea v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 n\u00e3o \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i.[22]<\/a> Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 \u00edch ho\u1eb7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng th\u00ec, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 an t\u1eed.[23]<\/a> Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 An T\u1eed<\/em> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                              C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 y khoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho ai bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nguy c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. S\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 t\u1eed; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh y t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a an t\u1eed (trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 An T\u1eed<\/em>) mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>.\u201d Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d (intention), tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n noi theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh “ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1edb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.” H\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m l\u00e0 “c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i” hay “ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.” Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 suy x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y. V\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft anh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y khi n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: B\u00e1c s\u0129 Smith c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au cho C\u00f4 Joan, khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n? Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vatican \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch d\u1eabn di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII “Vi\u1ec7c K\u00e9o D\u00e0i M\u1ea1ng S\u1ed1ng” (1957):<\/p>\n

                              N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu, trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra t\u1eed vong, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111au c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong y khoa cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. [25]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              L\u00fd l\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh (intention) c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Smith l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u01a1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4 Joan, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au cho c\u00f4. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y ra. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft “c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m” (intentional killing) – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111au. Gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ta (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n) th\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c hay b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.[26]<\/a> C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p, khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi do vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au g\u00e2y ra.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

                              \n

                              Linh M\u1ee5c Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng, S.T.D<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

                              L.J. Goody Bioethics Centre<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              39 Jugan Street,<\/p>\n

                              Mt. Hawthorn, WA 6016. AUSTRALIA.<\/p>\n

                              Email: phtran-ljgbc@iinet.net.au<\/p>\n

                              ———————<\/p>\n

                              [1]<\/a> Richard M. Gula, Reason Informed by Faith. <\/em>(Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1989), tr. 270-272; Tom L. Beauchamp v\u00e0 James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, <\/em>4th<\/sup> Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), tr. 207.<\/p>\n

                              [2]<\/a> Robert N. Wennberg, Terminal Choices: Euthanasia, Suicide, and the Right to Die. <\/em>(Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1989), tr. 102; Richard M. Gula, Reason Informed by Faith. <\/em>(Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1989), tr. 270-272; Tom L. Beauchamp v\u00e0 James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, <\/em>Third Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), tr. 127-134.<\/p>\n

                              [3]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi-\u00f4 XII “The Prolongation of Life” (Vi\u1ec7c K\u00e9o D\u00e0i M\u1ea1ng S\u1ed1ng), di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb g\u1eedi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Chuy\u00ean Vi\u00ean G\u00e2y M\u00ea, 24-11-1957, trong The Pope Speaks <\/em>4 (1957).<\/p>\n

                              [4]<\/a> Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.”<\/p>\n

                              [5]<\/a> Tom L. Beauchamp v\u00e0 James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, <\/em>Third Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), tr. 127-134.<\/p>\n

                              [6]<\/a> Robert N. Wennberg, Terminal Choices: Euthanasia, Suicide, and the Right to Die. <\/em>(Michigan: WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989), tr.105.<\/p>\n

                              [7]<\/a> C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft, xin xem Bernard Hoose, “Proportionalism: A Right Relationship Among Values.” Louvain Studies <\/em>24 (1999): tr. 40-56, \u1edf tr. 44, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fa 11.<\/p>\n

                              [8]<\/a> Richard M. Gula, Reason Informed by Faith. <\/em>(Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1989), tr. 270-272; Tom L. Beauchamp v\u00e0 James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, <\/em>4th<\/sup> Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), tr. 207.<\/p>\n

                              [9]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi\u00f4 XII, “The Prolongation of Life” (Vi\u1ec7c K\u00e9o D\u00e0i M\u1ea1ng S\u1ed1ng), di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb g\u1eedi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Chuy\u00ean Vi\u00ean G\u00e2y M\u00ea, 24-11-1957, trong The Pope Speaks <\/em>4 (1957): 393-398; AAS <\/em>49 (1957): 1027-1033; xem th\u00eam Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n V\u1ec1 An T\u1eed <\/em>(Jura et bona, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 5-5-1980), ph\u1ea7n III.<\/p>\n

                              [10]<\/a> Xem “Ethical and Religious Directives of Catholic Health Facilities. (St. Louis: Catholic Hospital Association, 1975), s\u1ed1 29. Tham chi\u1ebfu Richard M. Gula, What Are They Saying about Euthanasia<\/em>. (New York: Paulist Press, 1986), tr. 40.<\/p>\n

                              [11] \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, xin xem Bruno Schuller, “Direct Killing and Indirect Killing” trong Readings in Moral Theology, Vol. 1: Moral Norms and Catholic Tradition. <\/em>(N.Y, Ramsey: Paulist Press, 1979), tr. 138-157, Charles E. Curran v\u00e0 R. A. McCormick ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean. Trong hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc song hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong lu\u00e2n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Xin xem Richard M. Gula, What Are They Saying about Moral Norms<\/em> (N.Y, Ramsey: Paulist Press, 1982), tr. 61-81; xem th\u00eam Richard M. Gula, Reason Informed by Faith. <\/em>(Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1989), tr. 270-272; Richard A. McCormick, “The Principle of Double Effect.” How Brave a New World? <\/em>(Garden City: Double Day & Company, Inc., 1981), tr. 413-429; James F. Keenan, “The Function of the Principle of Double Effect.” Theological Studies <\/em>54 (1993): 294-315; Christophe Haczor, “Double-Effect Reasoning From Jean Pierre to Peter Knauer.” Theological Studies <\/em>59 (1998): 297-316; John Berkman, “How Important Is the Doctrine of Double Effect for Moral Theology? Contextualizing the Controversy.” Christian Bioethics <\/em>3 (1997): 89-114.<\/p>\n

                              *<\/a> Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a<\/strong>: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 T\u00f2a \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y khoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u1eefa. Quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c h\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00f2a \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao Ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhau. L\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

                              [12]<\/a> Nh\u01b0 David C. Thomas n\u00f3i: “\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.” Xin xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, “Assessing the Arguments For and Against Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Part Two.” Cambridge Quarterly Healthcare Ethics <\/em>7 (1998): 388-401, \u1edf tr. 393.<\/p>\n

                              [13]<\/a> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p q\u00f9a t\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/em>l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Xin xem Scott B. Rae v\u00e0 Paul M. Cox, Bioethics: A Christian Approach in a Pluralistic Age. <\/em>(Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1999), tr. 246-247.<\/p>\n

                              [14]<\/a> Robert M. Veatch, Death, Dying, and the Biological Revolution. <\/em>(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976), tr. 85-6.<\/p>\n

                              [15]<\/a> “… T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1eed vong cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1 thai cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.” Tr\u00edch “The Hippocratic Oath” (L\u1eddi Th\u1ec1 Hi-p\u00f4-cr\u00e1t) trong John D. Arras v\u00e0 Bonnie Steinbock, Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, <\/em>Fourth Edition. California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1995), tr. 54; C\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Xem Robert M. Veatch, Death, Dying, and the Biological Revolution. <\/em>(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976), tr. 83.<\/p>\n

                              [16]<\/a> Veatch, S\u0111d., tr. 93.<\/p>\n

                              [17]<\/a> David C. Thomasma, “Assessing the Arguments For and Against Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: Part Two.” Cambridge<\/em> Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics <\/em>7 (1998): 398.<\/p>\n

                              [18]<\/a> Xem Timothy E. Quill, Rebecca Dresser v\u00e0 Dan W Brock, “The Rule of Double Effect – A Critique of Its Role in End-of-Life Decision Making.” The New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>337 (11-12-1997): 1768-1771.<\/p>\n

                              [19]<\/a> Xem Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n V\u1ec1 An T\u1eed <\/em>(Jura et bona, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 5-5-1980), ph\u1ea7n II.<\/p>\n

                              [20]<\/a> Elizabeth Hepburn, Of Life and Death. <\/em>(North Blackburn, Victoria: A Dove Publication, 1996), tr. 37.<\/p>\n

                              [21]<\/a> B\u00e9 s\u01a1 sinh Doe \u1edf Bloomington thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Indiana \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982. B\u00e9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u1ed7 d\u00f2 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n (oesophageal fistula) v\u00e0 m\u1eafc h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho b\u00e9 \u0103n. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00f2a, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “Baby Doe Hotline” (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng D\u00e2y N\u00f3ng Baby Doe) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c ch\u00e1u b\u00e9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Xem Richard M. Gula, What Are They Saying about Euthanasia<\/em>. (New York: Paulist Press, 1986), tr. 50. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed New England Journal of Medicine <\/em>189 (1973): 890-894; xem Richard McCormick, “To Save or Let Die” trong James J. Walter v\u00e0 Thomas A. Shannon, ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, Quality of Life: The New Medical Dilemma. <\/em>(New York: Paulist Press, 1990), tr. 26-34.<\/p>\n

                              [22]<\/a> Richard M. Gula, Euthanasia: Moral and Pastoral Perspectives<\/em>. (New York, Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1994), tr. 28-9.<\/p>\n

                              [23]<\/a> Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o<\/em>, s\u1ed1 2277-2278.<\/p>\n

                              [24]<\/a> Xem Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n V\u1ec1 An T\u1eed <\/em>(Jura et bona, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 5-5-1980), ph\u1ea7n IV.<\/p>\n

                              [25]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pi-\u00f4 XII “The Prolongation of Life” (Vi\u1ec7c K\u00e9o D\u00e0i M\u1ea1ng S\u1ed1ng), di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb g\u1eedi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Chuy\u00ean Vi\u00ean G\u00e2y M\u00ea, 24-11-1957, trong The Pope Speaks <\/em>4 (1957): 393-398; AAS <\/em>49 (1957): 1027-1033; xem th\u00eam Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n V\u1ec1 An T\u1eed <\/em>(Jura et bona, <\/em>ng\u00e0y 5-5-1980), ph\u1ea7n III; AAS <\/em>72 (1980): 542-552.<\/p>\n

                              [26]<\/a> . N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed: (1) c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft (h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 (2) c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft (b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c), th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e0nh vi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                              [27] Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Vatican v\u1ec1 an t\u1eed sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n: “Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra t\u1eed vong, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m xoa d\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111au c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong y khoa cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.” Xem Tom L. Beauchamp v\u00e0 James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, <\/em>Third Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), tr. 130; xem th\u00eam Richard A. McCormick, “The Principle of Double Effect.” How Brave a New World? <\/em>(Garden City: Double Day & Company, Inc., 1981), tr. 413-429.<\/p>\n

                              ______________<\/p>\n

                              T\u1ea3i file word \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n

                              NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U. Lm. Tr\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh H\u00f9ng. 2015<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC SONG HI\u1ec6U HAY C\u00d2N G\u1eccI L\u00c0 NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC HI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2 SONG \u0110\u00d4I.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lm-tran-manh-hung","category-luan-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7082"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7087,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7082\/revisions\/7087"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuanbichvietnam.net\/trangchu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}